IROLD JERALD A.
SANCHEZ BSIT-2B
Create a reaction paper regarding one (1) of the problems discussed in the lesson.
The reaction paper must contain the following information:
1. Introduction about the issue
2. The Issue in itself
Brief history of the issue
Laws enacted
Your Stand / Reaction / Solution
Positive Stand
Negative Stand
Final Stand and Justification
I. INTRODUCTION
Agrarian reform can refer to either a government-led or sponsored redistribution of
agricultural land (see land reform) or a broader reorientation of the country's agrarian system,
which frequently includes land reform initiatives.
II. THE ISSUE IN ITSELF
More than 60 countries have passed agricultural reform legislation since WWII. While
some of these have been successfully implemented, many others have only been partially
adopted and have had little impact on the unequal distribution of land ownership. Advocates
and opponents of agrarian reform have passed positive and negative judgments on the impact of
agrarian reforms on the social and economic situation in their respective countries for decades,
the former to demonstrate that their policies were correct and the latter to demonstrate the
polar opposite. Politicians, local leaders, administrators, and social scientists need objective and
reliable studies and accurate information about the potential and actual impacts, as well as the
benefits and drawbacks, of programs as drastic and contentious as agrarian reforms in order to
formulate an appropriate policy for the enhancement of the rural population in developing
countries
Republic Act No. 6657 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law), enacted on June 10, 1988,
became effective on June 15, 1988, and established a comprehensive agrarian reform program
to promote social justice and industrialization, as well as a system for its execution.
The following laws were enacted by President Manuel A. Roxas (1946-1948):
• The 70-30 sharing system was established by Republic Act No. 34, which also regulated share-
tenancy contracts.A more effective safeguard against arbitrary eviction of renters was provided
by Republic Act No. 55.
The following law was enacted by Elpidio R. Quirino (1948-1953):
On October 23, 1950, Executive Order No. 355 was issued, which replaced the National Land
Settlement Administration with the Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO),
which took over the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the Rice and Corn
Production Administration's responsibilities.
Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) enacted the following laws:
Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954 -- Abolished the LASEDECO and established the National
Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) to resettle dissidents and landless
farmers. It was particularly aimed at rebel returnees providing home lots and farmlands in
Palawan and Mindanao.
Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954) -- governed the relationship
between landowners and tenant farmers by organizing share- tenancy and leasehold system.
The law provided the security of tenure of tenants. It also created the Court of Agrarian
Relations.
Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955) -- Created the Land Tenure Administration
(LTA) which was responsible for the acquisition and distribution of large tenanted rice and
corn lands over 200 hectares for individuals and 600 hectares for corporations.
Republic Act No. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration)
-- Provided small farmers and share tenants loans with low interest rates of six to eight
percent.
President Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
Continued the program of President Ramon Magsaysay. No new legislation passed.
President Diosdado P. Macapagal (1961-1965) enacted the following law:
Agricultural Land Reform Code, Republic Act No. 3844 of August 8, 1963 — Abolished share
tenancy, institutionalized leasehold, set a retention limit of 75 hectares, invested rights of
preemption and redemption for tenant farmers, established an administrative machinery for
implementation, institutionalized an agrarian judicial system, incorporated extension, marketing, and
supervised credit system of services for farmer beneficiaries.
The RA was welcomed as a law that would free Filipino farmers from tenancy
bonds.
President Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986)
The New Society Period began on September 21, 1972, with Proclamation No. 1081. The entire
country was proclaimed a land reform region five days after Martial Law was declared, and the
Agrarian Reform Program was decreed at the same time
The following legislation were enacted by President Marcos:
The Department of Agrarian Reform and the Agrarian Reform Special Account Fund were established
by Republic Act No. 6389 (Code of Agrarian Reform) and Republic Act No. 6390 (Code of Agrarian
Reform) of 1971. It strengthened farmers' positions and broadened the scope of agrarian reform.
The country was declared under a land reform program by Presidential Decree No. 2 on September
26, 1972. It ordered all government agencies and offices to provide the DAR with full cooperation
and assistance. The Agrarian Reform Coordinating Council was also activated.
Land reform was limited to tenanted rice and corn lands by Presidential Decree No. 27, signed on
October 21, 1972, and the retention limit was established at 7 hectares.
President Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992)
"The State shall encourage comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform," says Section 21
of Article II of the Constitution, which was ratified by the Filipino people during President Corazon C.
Aquino's administration.
Former President Corazon C. Aquino signed Republic Act No. 6657, often known as the
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, into law on June 10, 1988. (CARL). On June 15, 1988, the law
went into effect.
Following that, in July 1987, four Presidential issuances were issued following 48 nationwide
consultations before the actual law was approved.
The following legislation were enacted by President Corazon C. Aquino:
Executive Order No. 228, signed on July 16, 1987, gave qualifying farmer-beneficiaries protected by
PD 27 complete ownership. It also defined the valuation of the remaining unvalued rice and maize
lands subject to PD 27, as well as the manner in which the FBs would be paid and how landowners
would be compensated.
Executive Order No. 229, signed on July 22, 1987, established a structure for carrying out the
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
Proclamation No. 131, signed on July 22, 1987, established the CARP as a key government program.
It established the Agrarian Reform Resource (ARF), which had a starting fund of Php50 billion to
cover the expected cost of the program from 1987 to 1992.
Executive Order No. 129-A, signed on July 26, 1987, streamlined and increased the DAR's authority
and activities.
Republic Act No. 6657 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law), enacted on June 10, 1988, became
effective on June 15, 1988, and established a comprehensive agrarian reform program to promote
social justice and industrialization, as well as a system for its execution. This is the law that is now
being implemented.
Executive Order No. 405, dated June 14, 1990, vested the authority for determining land valuation
and compensation for all lands covered by CARP in the Land Bank of the Philippines.
Executive Order No. 407, enacted on June 14, 1990, expedited the acquisition and distribution of
agricultural lands, pasture areas, fishponds, agroforestry lands, and other public domain lands suited
for agriculture.
President Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998)
When President Fidel V. Ramos took office in 1992, he faced a population that had lost faith in the
agrarian reform initiative. "Fairer, speedier, and more meaningful execution of the Agrarian Reform
Program," his administration pledged.
The following legislation were enacted by President Fidel V. Ramos:
Fishponds and prawns were exempt from CARP coverage via Republic Act No. 7881, which amended
certain aspects of RA 6657.
The CARP was strengthened by Republic Act No. 7905, which was enacted in 1995.
Executive Order No. 363, 1997 — Limits the kind of lands that can be converted by establishing
circumstances under which specified categories of agricultural property are either non-negotiable or
extremely restricted for conversion.
AFMA (Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act) (Republic Act No. 8435, 1997) - Closed legal
gaps in land use conversion.
CARP was given an additional Php50 billion and its execution was prolonged for another ten years via
Republic Act 8532, 1998 (Agrarian Reform Fund Bill).
President Joseph E. Estrada (1998-2000)
"ERAP PARA SA MAHIRAP," says the narrator. This was the rallying cry that endeared President
Joseph Estrada to the Filipino people and helped him win the presidential election in 1998.
President Joseph E. Estrada pushed for the passage of the following legislation:
N0. Executive Order 151, September 1999 (Farmer's Trust Fund) – Permitted the voluntary
consolidation of small agricultural operations into medium and large size integrated enterprises with
long-term finance access.
President Estrada established the Magkabalikat para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo, or MAGKASAKA, during
his presidency. To make FBs competitive, the DAR formed joint ventures with private investors in the
agriculture sector.
The Estrada Administration, on the other hand, was only in power for a short time. His removal was
sought by the people who elected him.
President Gloria Macapacal-Arroyo (2000-2010)
The Arroyo administration's agricultural reform policy is guided by the idea of "making the
countryside economically viable for the Filipino family by fostering partnerships and promoting social
fairness and new economic opportunities in the pursuit of lasting peace and sustainable rural
development."
Land Tenure Improvement - DAR will continue to push forward with the CARP's land acquisition and
distribution component. Through land distribution and leasing, the DAR will strengthen the land
tenure system.
Provision of Support Services - CARP provides a package of support services, including credit
assistance, extension services, irrigation facilities, roads and bridges, marketing facilities, and training
and technical support programs, in addition to land distribution.
DAR will turn agrarian reform communities (ARCs), which are areas focused on the integrated
delivery of support services, into rural economic zones that will aid in the creation of rural job
prospects.
The KALAHI Agrarian Reform (KAR) Zones have also been established. These zones are made up of
one or more municipalities with a high concentration of ARC residents in order to boost agro-
productivity.
DAR will hire more paralegal officers to support understaffed adjudicatory boards and use a quota
system to compel adjudicators to work quicker on agrarian reform cases to help clear the backlog of
agrarian cases. Farmers' and landowners' rights will be respected by DAR.
President Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016)
President Benigno Aquino III promised during his 2012 State of the Nation Address that he will finish
the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Policy (CARP), the cornerstone program of his mother,
President Corazon Aquino's administration, by the conclusion of his term.
In Tarlac, the younger Aquino distributed their family's Hacienda Luisita. Aside from the
aforementioned farm lots, he committed to finish the distribution of privately owned lands of
productive agricultural estates throughout the country that had escaped the program's coverage.
The Agricultural Reform Community Connectivity and Economic Support Services (ARCCESS) project
was established during his presidency to help achieve the overarching goal of rural poverty
reduction, particularly in agrarian reform areas.
The Agrarian Production Credit Program (APCP) provided credit support for crop production to newly
created and existing agrarian reform beneficiary organizations (ARBOs) and farmers' organizations
that were not eligible for loans through traditional bank credit windows.
The legal case monitoring system (LCMS) was also launched, which is a web-based legal system for
registering and monitoring various types of agrarian cases at the DAR's provincial, regional, and
central offices to enable faster resolution and careful monitoring of agrarian-related matters.
Aquino also signed Executive Order No. 26, Series of 2011, mandating the development of a National
Greening Program in collaboration with other government agencies by the Department of
Agriculture-Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Department of Agrarian Reform
Convergence Initiative.
President Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016 – present)
Under his leadership, the President plans to undertake a "aggressive" land reform program that
prioritizes the provision of support services with land distribution to benefit poor Filipino farmers.
Under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, the President authorized the DAR to begin the
second phase of agrarian reform, in which landless farmers would be allocated undistributed lands
(CARP).
Duterte intends to agrarian reform practically all public lands, including military reserves.
In Boracay, the President also put 400 hectares of agricultural land under CARP.
Under his leadership, the DAR established an anti-corruption task force to investigate and manage
accusations of alleged irregular activity by agency officials and workers.
To expedite the implementation of CARP, the Department also pursues a "Oplan Zero Backlog" in the
determination of cases relating to agricultural justice delivery of the agrarian reform program.
SOURCE: [Link]
III. YOUR STAND/ REACTION/ SOLUTION.
A. POSITIVE STAND
The bright side of this problem, in my opinion, is that there are numerous laws in place
to ensure that our farmers are treated fairly, and that we all have the right to meet their needs.
B. NEGATIVE STAND
The bad side of this is that even if there are so many laws for the agrarian, they have no
rights to receive what they need and want, and even though the agrarian's budget is low, why should
the farmers be looked down on because of their work? Without them, we would have no food to
eat.
C. SOLUTION
The best solution to the problem, in my opinion, is to raise the salary and to teach
people to respect and buy local products in order to support the farmers. Let's give the farmers what
they deserve, including the land, if they are truly the land, but with a law so that there are proper
ways to discuss it.