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Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions Guide

Chapter 4 discusses arithmetic and geometric progressions, defining key concepts such as common difference and common ratio. It provides formulas for finding terms and sums in both types of progressions. Additionally, it mentions the use of quadratic equations for calculating terms from the sum in arithmetic progressions.

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11 views2 pages

Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions Guide

Chapter 4 discusses arithmetic and geometric progressions, defining key concepts such as common difference and common ratio. It provides formulas for finding terms and sums in both types of progressions. Additionally, it mentions the use of quadratic equations for calculating terms from the sum in arithmetic progressions.

Uploaded by

mian.haris010
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter# 4

1 Arithmetic progression
An arithmetic progression is one where each term in the sequence
And next term comes by adding or subtracting a constant number immediately preceding term.

1.1 Common difference between terms


The number added or subtracted to construct the progression is known as the
common difference.
d = the common difference= y - x = z - y

1.2 Term finding in arithmetic progression 4.1

𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1) 4.5, 4.16, 4.19


a = the first term in the series
d = the common difference= y - x = z - y 4.2, 4.6, 4.10
n= number of term
1.3 Sum of number of terms in an arithmetic progression

𝑠 =𝑛/2{2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)} 4.3, 4.7, 4.11, 4.19, 4.25

𝑠= (𝑎 + 𝑙)
n
4.4, 4.17, 4.19
2

a = the first term in the series

𝑙 = Last term in the series


n= number of term

Note: To calculate “N” from Sum Formula, we have to use quadratic equations

2. Geometric Mean
A sequence in which each term is obtained by multiplying the previous term by a constant. (Neither the
first term in the series nor the constant can be zero).

2.1 Common Ratio


The ratio that links consecutive numbers in the series is known as the common ratio.
y z
=
x y

2.2 Term finding in Geometric progression

𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 𝑎𝑟
𝑛 −1
4.8,4.9, 4.20, 4.26

Complied by: Mian M Zeeshan


a = the first term in the sequence
r = the common ratio

2.3 Sum of number of terms in an arithmetic progression

Sum = 𝑠 =
n
a(r −1)
when common ratio is more than 1 and positive 4.18, 4.20
r−1

Sum = 𝑠 =
n
a(1−r )
when common ratio is less than 1 or negative
1−r

2.4 Infinite series

Sum = 𝑠 =
a
4.12, 4.13, 4.14, 4.15
1−r

3. Progression with equations


4.21, 4.22, 4.23, 4.24,

Complied by: Mian M Zeeshan

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