Solutions for Engineering Mathematics I
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chikanyidzeelivine20Solutions for Engineering Mathematics I
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Powered by AIFor continuity at \( x = 2 \), the left-hand limit and right-hand limit must equal the function's value at \( x = 2 \). Calculating the limit as \( x \to 2 \) gives \( \lim_{x \to 2} (x^2 + 6x + k) = 4 + 12 + k = 16 + k \). Setting this equal to \( g(2) = 3 \) requires \( 16 + k = 3 \), so \( k = -13 \).
The critical points of the function \( f(x) = x^3 - 3x \) are found by taking the derivative and setting it to zero: \( f'(x) = 3x^2 - 3 = 3(x^2 - 1) = 3(x-1)(x+1) \). Setting \( f'(x) = 0 \) gives the critical points at \( x = 1 \) and \( x = -1 \). To classify these, examine the second derivative \( f''(x) = 6x \). At \( x = 1 \), \( f''(1) = 6 > 0 \), indicating a local minimum, and at \( x = -1 \), \( f''(-1) = -6 < 0 \), indicating a local maximum .
The sequence \( u_n = \frac{2n^2 - 7n + 3}{n+2} \) is studied for monotonicity by examining differences \( u_{n+1} - u_n \) which simplifies to \( \frac{4n + 1}{(n+2)(n+3)} \), indicating \( u_n \) increases for all \( n \geq 2 \), hence monotonic increasing. As \( n \to \infty \), the ratio \( \frac{2n^2 - 7n + 3}{n+2} \approx 2n \), showing \( u_n \) diverges because it approaches infinity. Therefore, the sequence is strictly increasing and diverges to infinity .
Let the roof be \( x \) metres and the front part be \( y \) metres of the 6-metre sheet, then \( x+y=6 \). The cross-sectional area is the rectangle formed by the wall and front as \( 3y \). Express \( y \) as \( y = 6 - x \). So the cross-sectional area, \( A = 3(6-x) \), is to be maximized. Taking the derivative, \( A'(x) = -3 \), suggests a constant derivation, but the constraint involves finding maximum based on given geometry, checking boundary conditions where \( x \) can be \( 0 \) or \( 3 \) achieves maximizing \( 3y \) due to constraints, yielding a consistent approach where practical physical constraints and derivation guide to optimal angles .
Using the standard limit \( \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin(x)}{x} = 1 \), the expression \( \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin(4x)}{3x} \) can be rewritten as \( \frac{4}{3} \lim_{4x \to 0} \frac{\sin(4x)}{4x} \). Since \( \lim_{4x \to 0} \frac{\sin(4x)}{4x} = 1 \), the result is \( \frac{4}{3} \cdot 1 = \frac{4}{3} \).
To prove the bijection property, we need to show that \( \phi(x) = \frac{x}{1+x^2} \) is both injective and surjective on \( \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} \). For injectivity, assume \( \phi(a) = \phi(b) \). Then \( \frac{a}{1+a^2} = \frac{b}{1+b^2} \). Clearing denominators leads to \( a(1+b^2) = b(1+a^2) \), simplifying to \( a - b = ab(b-a) \). For \( a \neq b \), this equation requires \( ab = 1 \), which isn't generally valid for all \( a \) and \( b \), ensuring injectivity. To show surjectivity, for every \( y = \frac{x}{1+x^2} \), solve \( y = \phi(x) \) for \( x \), leading to \( x = \frac{y}{1-y^2} \), which maps to any real value. Thus, \( \phi(x) \) is bijective .
The function \( g(x) = \sqrt{3x - 5} \) requires the expression inside the square root to be non-negative, leading to \( 3x - 5 \geq 0 \), or \( x \geq \frac{5}{3} \). Therefore, the largest possible domain of \( g(x) \) is \( [\frac{5}{3}, \infty) \). The range of \( g(x) \) is \( [0, \infty) \) since the square root function maps non-negative inputs to non-negative outputs .
Reversing the order of integration requires identifying new bounds for the variables. The given integral \( \int_0^1 \int_{2x}^{3} y \, dy \, dx \) originally has limits for \( y \) dependent on \( x \). Set \( 2x \leq y \leq 3 \) and \( 0 \leq x \leq 1 \), then reversing requires describing \( x \) in terms of \( y \): \( 0 \leq x \leq \frac{y}{2} \), and \( 2 \leq y \leq 3 \). So the new integral bounds are \( \int_{2}^{3} \int_0^{y/2} y \, dx \, dy \).
For \( f^{-1}(x) \) to be a function, \( f(x) \) must be bijective and have a unique inverse for each \( y \). The piece \( x^2 \) for \( x<0 \) and \( x-1 \) for \( x>2 \) are injective, but \( f(x) = 2 \) over \( [0, 2] \) means multiple values of \( x \) map to the same \( y \), hence not injective overall. Thus, \( f \) is not a bijection, making \( f^{-1}(x) \) not a single-valued function, as it would not have unique output for each input over its domain .
Divide numerator and denominator by \( x^3 \): \( \lim_{x \to \infty} \left(\frac{x^3 - 2x}{3x^3 + 5}\right) = \lim_{x \to \infty} \left(\frac{1 - \frac{2}{x^2}}{3 + \frac{5}{x^3}}\right) \). As \( x \to \infty \), \( -\frac{2}{x^2} \to 0 \) and \( \frac{5}{x^3} \to 0 \), simplifying to \( \frac{1}{3} \).