Self-Healing Network

ZTE University
Transmission Course Group

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Course Objectives

• Self-Healing Network Overview

• Chain Protection

• Ring Protection

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Self-Healing Network Overview

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 What is Self-Healing Network?

Self-Healing Network:

It is a network which can automatically resume its loaded

services within a very short time in case of fault.

Its terminal users do not notice any service interruption.

* Self-healing can only recover the failed services through the standby channel,
but it can not correct or replace the components and the lines with fault.

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Self-Healing Network Basic Principle

When the working route fails or experience problems,

services will be switched to the protecting route
automatically within a very short time (<50ms).

Redundancy routes are essential for self-healing networks.

Protection Path

Working Path

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Self-Healing Network Classification

Classification
Based on Topology
• Train or Chain Network Service Protection
• Ring Network Service Protection
• Inter-Ring Service Protection

Based on Protection Method

• Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)
• Path Protection (PP)

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Chain Network Protection Types

• 1+1 Path Protection

• 1+1 Multiplex Section Protection

• 1:1 Multiplex Section Protection

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Chain Network 1+1 Path Protection

work route
CS CS
TR OL OL TR

OL OL
work or protect
protect route

At sending end, the STM-N signal is sent simultaneously

over both segments of the work and protect.
At receiving side, only one (work or protect) path is
selected based on quality.
Send Together Receive One.

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Chain Network 1+1 Multiplex Section Protection

work route
CS CS
TR OL OL TR

OL OL
work or protect
protect route

Send Two Receive One

ZTE University [Link]
[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 • Whether to switch is based on the quality of
service carried in the path;
• Based on the rule that “Send Together while
receive one”。The service is sent into both the
working and protection path, but the receiving
end can only accept the one with better quality;
• The switch is based on Path-AIS instead of
APS Protocol, and the switching time is shorter
than 10ms.

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Chain Network 1:1 Multiplex Section Protection

Work Work
CS CS
OL OL

OL OL

Protection Protection
The 1:1 structure is the subset of the 1:N (where N=1) structure.
It has the capacity to work in the 1+1 structure and to interconnect
with the 1+1 structure of the other end.

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Self-Healing Networks

• Multiplexing segment 1:1 protection is different from

multiplexing segment 1+1 protection. The working
payload is transmitted through the working path while the
protection path can be used to carry extra payload which is
of inferior class.

• When the working path fails, the extra payload on the

protection path will be superseded by the working payload
according to APS protocol. Thus the working payload is
protected.

• In normal working 1:1 comes up to 2+0.

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Automatic Protection Switch

PS
1
WORK

source end
5a

3 PROTECT
5b
4 K1,K2 end
source
7 2 6
K1 K2
PS
WORKING PATH

PROTECTION PATH

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Ring Network Protection

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Basic Ring Network Protection Types

• 2-fiber Unidirectional Path Protection Ring

• 2-fiber Bidirectional Multiplex Section Protection Ring

• 4-fiber Bidirectional Multiplex Section Protection Ring

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Unidirectional Service and Bidirectional
Service

The service is divided into unidirectional and bidirectional

according to the direction in which the service is carried.

A
unidirectional : A-D-C & C-B-A

B D
bidirectional : A-D-C & C-D-A
C

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 2-fiber unidirectional path protection ring

Some concepts about the protection ring

2 fiber：there are two fibers between a pair of
neighboring nodes.;
unidirectional：service between two NE uses different
section of the network and is transmitted in the same
direction;
Multiplexing section：protection based on MS, protect
the payload part, use APS to realize the protection

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Working Principle
The protection mode on 2-fiber
CA Receive AC Send SNCP ring is based on“send two
S
while receive one.
2 fibers: S for working while P for
P protection.
A
Service sent from A to C through
D B the path A->B -> C，and A -> D -
> C in the same time. C receives
C the service carried in S.
Service sent from C to A through
the path C->D -> A，and C -> B -
CA send AC Receive > A in the same time. A receives
the service carried in S.
ZTE University [Link]
[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Protection Switch

CA Receive AC Send
Suppose that the fibers between B
S
and C are interrupted, and Path-
P AIS is detected in S.
A
Service from A to C is lost in S,
D B so C switch to P to receive it.
Since there is no effect on the
C transmission of service from C to
A in S, there is no action on A.

CA send AC Receive

switch
ZTE University [Link]
[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Features of 2-fiber unidirectional
path protection ring

•Advantages：easy to realize, short switching time and

no limit on the number of NES
•Disadvantages: capacity is small; Time slots between two
nodes can not be reused; unable to transmit extra service
•Transmission capacity: STM-N

•Notice: Suitable for convergence services

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 2-Fiber Bidirectional MS Protection Ring

Definitions:

• 2 fiber: Two fibers between a pair of nodes

• Bi-direction: Service between two NEs use the same

section of the network and are transmitted by reverse
direction

• Multiplexing Section: Protection based on MS, protect the

payload part, use APS to start the protection.

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Working Principle

S1/P2

A S2/P1 Working path

S1 & S2; in normal
D B situations, service is
transmitted along the
C working path. The first
half of one fiber is
working path. Taking
STM-16 as an example,
1-8 AU4 are used for
working path.

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Working Principle

Protecting Path
P1 & P2, Services
S1/P2 transmits along the
protection path after
A S2/P1 switch over. The last
half part of the fiber is
used as protecting path.
D B
Taking STM-16 as
example, 9-16 AU4 are
C
used as protecting path.

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Working Principle

S1/P2

A S2/P1
Relationship
D B between working &
protecting paths
C
The protecting path of
one direction protect
the working path of
the other direction, i.e,
P1 protects S1, & P2
protects S2.

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Working Principle
CA Rx AC Tx
S1/P2 Use S1 and S2 to transmit
services.
A S2/P1 Service AC is sent in S1
through path A->B->C
D B
Service CA is sent in S2
C through path C->B->A
P1 and P2 can be used to
send extra service now.
CA Tx AC Rx

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Switching Conditions

Auto Switch Conditions:

LOS, LOF, MS-AIS, Signal Degrade

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Switching Procedure

Switch：If the fiber between

B and C is broken, switch
CA Rx AC Tx
occurs in B and C
S1/P2

A S2/P1 B node: service AC crosses

from S1 to P1, and sent
D B through A->B->A->D->C
C
C node: service CA crosses
from S2 to P2, and sent
CA Tx AC Rx through C->D->A->B->A
ZTE University [Link]
[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Features of 2 Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring

• Advantages: time slot protection, Time slots between two

nodes can be reused, increasing the transmission capacity.
Standby path P1 and P2 can be used to transmit extra
service.
• Disadvantages: longer switching time due to APS
protocol & adopt cross connection. Numbers of nodes is
limited to 16.
• Transmission capacity: (k/2) x STM-N (k=no. of nodes).

Note: Suitable for distribution services

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 4 Fiber Bi-direction MS Protection Ring

Some concepts about the protection ring

4 fiber：there are four fibers between a pair of
neighboring nodes. working fibers S1 (sending) and S2
(receiving); protection fibers P1 (sending) and P2 (receiving)
Bidirectional：service between two NE uses the same
section of the network and is transmitted in opposite
directions
Multiplexing section：protection based on MS, protect
the payload part, use APS to realize the protection

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Working Principle

AC sending
CA receiving
S1
S2
Service between A and C is sent
P1
P2
through the path A->B -> C in
A S1 and S2;

D B P1 and P2 can carry extra service

CA sending AC receiving
ZTE University [Link]
[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Segment Switch

AC sending
CA receiving Suppose that the only the working
S1
S2
fibers between B and C are
P1
interrupted, and Path-AIS is
P2 detected in S1 and S2.
A Service from A to C is lost in S1,
so C switch to P1 to receive it.
D B Since B has act to the malfunction
and the service from C to A is
C switched to P2 between B and C, so
there is no effect on the
transmission of service from C to A
in S, there is no action on A.
CA sending AC receiving
ZTE University [Link]
[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Ring Switch

CA AC Suppose that the all the fibers

Receive Send S1 between B and C are interrupted,
P1 and Path-AIS is detected in S1 and
S2
S2.
P2
A For B：switch the service from A
B to C to P1, and send it in the
D direction: A->B ->A->D->C。

C For C： switch the service from A

to C to P2, and send it in the
direction: C->D->A->B->A 。

CA Switch
AC
Send
ZTE University Receive [Link]
[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Features of 4-fiber
bidirectional MSP ring
Advantages：time slot protection, Time slots
between two nodes can be reused, increasing the
transmission capacity. Standby path P1 and P2 can
be used to transmit extra service.
Disadvantages: longer switching time; for using APS
protocol and adopt cross connection. Numbers of
nodes is limited to 16.
Transmission capacity: K*STM-N (k=no. of nodes).

Notice: Suitable for distribution services

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Protected signal unit:
Path protection network：TU12/TU3/AU4

Multiplexing section protection network ：AU-4, suitable

for the application of large capacity.

Flexibility for different topology:

Path protection network：all kinds of complex topology

Multiplexing section protection network ：ring topology

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]

 Capacity for extra service:
Path protection network：based on 1+1 and only for main
service

Multiplexing section protection network ：either 1+1 or 1:1

is OK and the latter can afford extra service transmission

ZTE University [Link]

[Link]
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

PDF 文件以 "FinePrint pdfFactory Pro" 试用版创建 [Link]