Task Performance

-Land Transportation Management Practices-

RAIL TRANSPORT

-Manila Light Rail Transit System (LRT)-

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 The LRT, or Manila Light Rail Transport System is a Philippine urban rail transit system that primarily
serves Metro Manila. Although it was originally classified as a light rail system due to the use of light rail
vehicles, it currently has rapid transit characteristics such as high passenger throughput, exclusive right-
of-way, and the use of full metro rolling stock. The Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA), a government
agency affiliated with the Department of Transportation (DOTr), and the Light Rail Manila Corporation
simultaneously run the LRT (LRMC). The system, along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System and the
Philippine National Railways' Metro Commuter Line, makes up Metro Manila's infrastructure.

 OPERATIONAL STANDARDS:
 SERVICE ROUTES
Line 1 originally operated for 13.95 kilometers from Baclaran in Pasay City to
Monumento in Caloocan City. Pasay City is located in Metro Manila's south-west area,
near to the airport. From there, the line goes north-west along Taft Avenue to Manila
City Hall, where the central terminal is located, then along Arroceros Street, across the
Pasig River, and then into the Santa Cruz area at Feati University, along to the Bay but
some distance from it. From there, it travels north on Rizal Avenue and Rizal Avenue
Extension to Monumento in Caloocan City. Line 2 will extend from Santolan, Pasig City,
to Recto, Manila, and will be 13.8 kilometers long when fully operational. However,
Phase 1 of the line has begun service from Pasig's Santolan Station, travelling northwest
to Katipunan and then southwest to Cubao along Aurora Boulevard.
 CAPACITY
LRT-1 will restore its full capacity per train set depending on the type of trains: 1,122
riders for first generation trains; 1,358 for second generation trains and 1,388 for third
generation trains. Rail operators restored full train capacity in response to a Department
of Transportation order to accommodate increasing public transportation demand by
adopting more lenient government regulations against COVID-19.
 OPERATIONS
The LRTA and METRO INC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Manila Electric Company,
signed a contract to operate the system. METRO's role would be to acquire new
technology know-how and establish an efficient, well-trained organization to operate the
System, manage its day-to-day operations, and be accountable for all future technical
concerns.
 SECURITY

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 For the safety and security of the passengers, it is equipped with a CCTV system that
enables the railway operator to monitor activities of passengers and employees at the
stations and inside the trains. Light Rail System is equipped with security features for
commuters for having an emergency button near the door of trains, and security guard
roving every station for a fast and alert respond during emergency situations.
 MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
 TICKETS AND FARE
Both the LRT Line 1 and LRT Line 2 systems use an Automated Fare Collection System
(AFCS) that uses plastic magnetic tickets as the fare medium. The Department of
Transportation's PPP for the Automatic Fare Collecting System Project for LRT Lines 1 & 2
and MRT3 completely replaced the previous magnetic ticket fare collection system with
the new contactless smartcard based AFCS that has been started on the 16th of
December 2015. Under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) program, the Common
Ticketing Project for LRTA Lines 1 & 2 and MRT3 is a collaborative effort between the
government and private organizations led by Ayala and Metro Pacific. This new AFCS
project replaced of the old-magnetic-based ticketing system installed in early 2000 and
replacing the old system with contactless-based smart card technology on LRTA Lines 1
& 2 and MRT3.
 PROTOCOLS AND GUIDELINES
However, health and safety protocols against COVID-19, such as face masks, temperature
checks, no talking, eating, or answering phone calls inside trains, and cashless payment
via stored-value train tickets, will continue to be applied at train facilities.
 SPEED
The Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC) has acquired safety certification from a
recognized international testing facility, indicating that the LRT-1 can now safely exceed
the 40-kilometer-per-hour (kph) speed limit. The LRT-1 began the service on April 5,
2021, at a maximum speed of 60 kilometers per hour, when the LRMC has completed all
relevant improvement activities for the 36-year-old railway system. This will reduce the
time it takes to go from Baclaran to Balintawak (and vice versa) and enhance the number
of trips made by LRT-1 trains on a daily basis. The reduced travel time will allow
passengers to reach their destinations in the soonest possible time.

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  ASSESSMENT OF THE LAND TRANSPORT (OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT)
LRT passed the standards and qualifications needed to continue its operation. Inspections are
also done with our engineers and test needed are conducted every quarter of the year. All safety
test is done also and to complete the assessment LRT 1 must always pass the inspection and able
to reach its maximum capability when needed. LRT Always communicate with DOTR and other
agencies concerned to specify the needed adjustments to improve and ensure to give the best
for commuters on our operation.

 MANAGEMENT SUGGESTION/SOLUTIONS
To improve the Manila Light Rail Transit, our government should aim to acquire for a larger
capacity, more efficient and frequent tools to accommodate more passengers and commuters
especially during rush hours. We should also push and encourage everyone to use the
contactless ticketing system, the using beep cards for more convenient and less hassle trips for
commuters. Some of the stations in LRT is equipped with x-ray scanner but we recommend that
all station must have this for faster and secured checking of baggage of the commuters.

REFERENCES:

- About: Manila Light Rail Transit System ([Link])

- Railway Operations | Light Rail Transit Authority ([Link])
- LRMC increases LRT-1 speed to 60kph – Light Rail Manila Corporation
- MRT, LRT Back To Full Capacity | [Link]
- Tickets and Fares | Light Rail Transit Authority ([Link])

ROAD TRANSPORT

- P2P (Point-to-Point) Buses-

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 Provincial buses with routes from the city to distant towns and provinces, city buses with routes within
Metro Manila, and P2P (Point-to-Point) buses available in Manila is one of the type of bus service
available in the Philippines. Provincial buses normally have defined departure terminals and schedules,
whereas city buses have numerous pick-up and drop-off spots around Manila. Passengers do not pay for
either sort of service as they board the bus; instead, they wait for the conductor to collect fares once
they are seated. When it comes to the P2P bus, there is just one pick-up location and one drop-off point.
Furthermore, because buses in the Philippines are privately owned, there are a variety of bus lines to
choose from, and you can ride on an air-conditioned or non-air-conditioned bus (which has cheaper
fares). It is preferable to bring little amounts or give the conductor exact amount for a local trip. If you're
taking a P2P bus, you'll need a reloadable beep card to pay for your ride (which is more convenient and
ensures comfort). In the Philippines, buses are typically staffed by two people: a driver and a conductor.
Aside from punching tickets and collecting fares, the conductor also announces stops and assists
passengers.

 OPERATIONAL STANDARDS:
 SAFETY AND SECURITY
TAS Trans's P2P service features 45-seater buses with climate-controlled interiors, reclining
padded leather seats, and free Wi-Fi. There are even CCTV cameras and first-aid equipment
on board to provide passengers with complete peace of mind.
 PASSENGER EXPENSE
Commuters utilizing the TAS Trans Point-to-Point (P2P) bus service can pay with their beep
card started August 23, 2017. TAS Trans P2P is a terminal-to-destination service that runs
non-stop from Nuvali in Santa Rosa, Laguna, to Glorietta 2 and Circuit Makati in Makati City.
AF Payments and TAS Trans will be offering special prices to commemorate the cooperation.
The customary one-way fee of P250 would be cut to P150. Senior citizens, people with
disabilities, and students can even get discounts that bring the fare down to just P120.
 CAPACITY
P2P buses must accommodate only 50 percent passenger capacity to allow physical
distancing inside the vehicle.

 SERVICE QUALITY
It is identified that affordability, travel time, schedule, and amenities are aspects which can
be improved for the P2P bus service system. However, in order to keep and attract more

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 passengers, bus transport must have high service quality to satisfy and fulfill more wide
range of different customer’s needs.
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Transport has a huge environmental effect because it is a big energy consumer and
consumes the majority of the world's petroleum. Air quality degradation, greenhouse gas
pollution, increased risk of global climate change, water supply degradation, noise, and
habitat destruction and fragmentation are some of the possible negative environmental
effects of bus transit.

 MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
 SPEED
According to the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) Regulation No.7-003
Series of 2017, buses shall travel at a maximum speed of 50 kilometers per hour on Metro
Manila's circumferential and radial roadways. The maximum speed limit for buses on the
Cavite Expressway (Cavitex), North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), Skyway, South Luzon
Expressway (SLEX), and STAR Tollway is 80 kilometers per hour and the minimum is 60
kilometers per hour, while the maximum speed limit for buses on the Subic-Clark-Tarlac
Expressway (SCTEX) and Tarlac-Pangasinan-La Union Expressway (TPLEX) is 100 kilometers
per hour and the minimum speed is also 60 kph
 RULES AND REGULATIONS
The Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) regulates bus transportation
in the Philippines through its line agencies, the Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB) and the Land Transportation Office (LTO). The LTFRB supervises bus
operators' entry and exit, as well as setting and regulating bus prices. The LTO assists in the
implementation of these rules through its registration and inspection activities. The market
is regulated by a sophisticated system in which multiple organizations, including the Metro
Manila Development Authority (MMDA), the Philippine National Police (PNP), and the
relevant local government, share regulation and enforcement. The Department of Public
Works and Highways (DPWH) and the National Economic Development Authority are also
indirectly involved in road infrastructure planning and development (NEDA). However,
during the pandemic of COVID-19 that we are facing right now the LTFRB and Department of
Transportation releases new protocols and social-distancing guidelines for public transport.

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  TRANSORT SECTOR / PROTOCOLS AND GUIDELINES
Bus operators and passengers are all reminded to follow the following safety and health
preventive measures:
- Face mask and face shield must be worn at all times
- Talking on the phone or with other passengers is prohibited
- Eating is prohibited
- Public utility vehicles must have proper ventilation
- Disinfections must be done regularly
- Passengers with COVID-19 symptoms are not allowed to ride public transportation
- All passengers must be one seat apart at all times to implement social distancing

 ASSESSMENT OF THE LAND TRANSPORT (OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT)

The problem of land public transportation in the Philippines, particularly in Metro Manila, is one
of the country's issues. The fundamental issue in the Public Transportation Crisis is traffic, which
is difficult for the government to address due to the large number of land motor vehicles on the
road. Bus companies are privately owned companies. Mass transportation is supposed to be a
public service, but instead it’s a competitive business. As a result, they concentrate on picking up
as many passengers as possible: they wait as long as possible in congested locations; they
overtake each other and occupy as many lanes as possible; and they travel as fast as possible.
Furthermore, because there are several bus companies, each has its own system regulations.

 MANAGEMENT SUGGESTIONS/SOLUTIONS
Buses can be timed along a section of a route both before and after schemes are implemented.
Bus journey times are likely to reduce as a result of bus priority measures. Sample sizes will
depend on the variability of the bus journey time and expected benefit. Furthermore, bus
company need to develop a plan for all the bus routes and bus stops. The bus routes need to be
efficiently interconnected and the stops placed at ideal locations that won’t cause too much
traffic. One of the viable solutions that can help ease the traffic problem is to communicate and
coordinate with MMDA and other agencies to organized bus route and to improve the operation
of bus service and to give the best for commuters.
 REFERENCES:
- How to Navigate Transport in The Philippines ([Link])

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 - You Can Now Tap-and-Go Using Your Beep Card Each Time You Ride TAS Trans P2P Buses |
James Deakin
- DOTr - DOTr DEPLOYS 268 P2P BUSES IN 28 ROUTES AS METRO MANILA, ADJACENT AREAS
ENTER 2ND WEEK OF GCQ
- Premium Point to Point (P2P) Bus Service System: An Initial Assessment of Current Routes in
Metro Manila ([Link])
- Bus hits concrete barriers along EDSA; MMDA tells drivers to follow speed limit – Manila
Bulletin ([Link])

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