Equilibrium (Eng.
Presented by: Ekarin S.
Email : ekarins2002@[Link]
Contents
• Introduction
• 2D Equilibrium
– System Isolation and Free body diagram
– Equilibrium condition
• 3D Equilibrium
– Equilibrium condition
Free Body diagram
• A mechanical system is defined as a body or
group of bodies which can be conceptually
isolated from all other bodies.
• This isolation is accomplished by means of
the free body diagram, which is diagrammatic
representation of the isolated system treated
as a single body.
• The free body diagram is the most important
single step in the solution of problems in
mechanics
Example of some free body analysis
Equilibrium Conditions
• Concepts
F 0 ; Mo 0
• Category of Equilibrium
– Equilibrium of Collinear force (in X-Direction)
– Equilibrium of force which lie in a plane (x-y plane) and are
concurrent at a point O
– Equilibrium of parallel force in a plane, requires the one
force equation in the direction of the force (x direction) and
one moment equation (z Axis)
– Equilibrium of a general system of forces in a plane (x-y)
Problem solving steps
• Identify clearly the quantities which are known and
unknown
• Draw free body diagram
• Set up the reference axes and moment center.
• Identify state and applicable force and moment
principles or equation which govern the equilibrium
condition of the problem
• Match the number of independent equations with
the number of unknowns in each problem.
• Determine the solution and check for the results.
Example
• Determine the magnitude of the
force C and T, which ,along with
the other three forces shown, act
on the bridge-truss joint.
• Determine the magnitude T of
the tension in the supporting
cable and the magnitude of the 0.25 m
force on the pint at A for the jib A 0.5 m 25o B
crane shown. The beam AB is a 1.5 m
standard 0.5 m, I-Beam with a 0.12 m
mass of 95 kg per meter of 5m
10 kN
length
Example
• A carpenter holds 6 kg
uniform board as shown. If
he exerts vertical forces on
the board, determine the
force at A and B
• The 450 kg uniform I-beam
supports the load shown.
Determine the reactions at
the supports.
Example
• What horizontal force P
must a worker exert on the
rope to position the 50-kg
crate directly over the trailer
• Determine the force
magnitude P required to lift
one end of the 250 kg crate
with the lever dolly as shown
Equilibrium in 3D
• Concepts
F 0 ;
F , F , F 0
x y z
M o 0;
M , M , M 0
x y z
where,
M r F
Free body analysis
Free body analysis
Categories of Equilibrium
Example
• The uniform 7 m steel
shaft has a mass of 200
kg and is supported by a
ball and socket joint A in
the horizontal floor. The
ball end B rests against
the smooth vertical walls
as shown. Compute the
forces exerted by the
walls and the floor on the
ends of the shaft.
Example
• A 200 N force is applied to the
handle of the hoist in the direction
shown. The bearing A supports the
trust (force in the direction of the
shaft axis), while bearing B
supports only radial load (load
normal to the shaft axis). Determine
the mass m which can be supported
and the total radial force exerted on
the shaft by each bearing. Assume
neither bearing to be capable of
supporting a moment about a line
normal to the shaft axis
Example
The welded tubular frame is secured to
the horizontal xy plane by a ball and
socket joint at A and receives
support from the loose fitting ring at
B. under the action of the 2-kN load,
rotation about a line from A to B is
prevented by the cable CD, and the
frame is stable in the position shown.
Neglect the weight of the frame
compared with the applied load and
determine the tension T in the cable ,
the reaction at the ring, and the
reaction components at A.
Chapter 4
Structure and Frame Machine
Structure Analysis
• To analyze load in all structure member. For
example the bridge , frame, machine.
Howe
Pratt
Warren
K
Analysis Method.
• Step
– Free Body Diagram of Frame
• Draw Frame
• Draw Action Force
• Draw Reaction Force
– Free Body Diagram of part member
• Draw part member
• Draw action force
• Draw reaction force
– Take moment of frame / part member
– Sigma F = 0
– Find the solution
Example
• Compute the force in each member of the
loaded cantilever truss by the method of joints
B 5m D
5m 5m 5m 5m
A 5m C 5m E
30kN 20kN
Example
• The frame supports the 400 kg load in the
manner shown. Neglect the weights of the
members compared with the forces induces
by the load and compute the horizontal and
vertical components of all forces acting on
each of the members
Example
• Neglect the weight of the frame and compute
the forces acting on all of its members.
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