The digestive system includes the mouth, pharynx
(throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, rectum, and anus. It also includes the salivary
glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, which make
digestive juices and enzymes that help the body digest
food and liquids. The digestive system breaks down food
into nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
They can then be absorbed into the bloodstream so the
body can use them for energy, growth and cell repair.
Food and drink must be changed into smaller molecules
of nutrients before the blood absorbs them and carries
them to cells throughout the body.
Examples: GERD, Ulcerative colitis ,Celiac disease
Crohn disea, Hiatal hernia , Bloating ,
Constipation ,Diarrhea ,Heartburn
Nausea ,Vomiting ,Diverticulitis ,Intestinal
ischemia ,Colon polyps Colon Cancer ,
Indigestion ,Incontinence Pancreatitis ,Chronic Hepatitis
Gastritis , Adenoids ,Pharyngitis.
Circulatory System / Cardiovascular System
The circulatory system consists of four major
components: Heart, Arteries, Veins, and Blood
Blood flows through the heart in the following order: 1)
body –> 2) inferior/superior vena cava –> 3) right atrium
–> 4) tricuspid valve –> 5) right ventricle –> 6)
pulmonary arteries –> 7) lungs –> 8) pulmonary veins –>
9) left atrium –> 10) mitral or bicuspid valve –> 11) left
ventricle –> 12) aortic valve –> 13) body The heart,
blood and blood vessels work together to service the
cells of the body. Using the network of arteries,
veins and capillaries, blood carries carbon dioxide to the
lungs (for exhalation) and picks up oxygen. From the
small intestine, the blood gathers food nutrients and
delivers them to every cell.
Ex: Angina Pectoris, Atherosclerosis, Cardiomyopathy ,Heart Attack ,
Atrial Fibrillation ,Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation ,Atrial Flutter ,CABG –
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft ,CHF – Congestive Heart Failure Systolic
Heart Failure ,DOE – Dyspnea on Exertion
PVD - Peripheral Vascular Disease ,Diastolic heart Failure
MI – Myocardial Infarction.
Respiratory System
The main part of the Respiratory System - Nose, Mouth,
Throat (Pharynx), Voice box (Larynx), Wind pipe
(Trachea), Large Airways (Bronchi), Small Airways
(Bronchioles), Lungs. The functions of the respiratory
system include gas exchange, acid-base balance,
phonation, pulmonary defense and metabolism, and the
handling of bioactive materials.
Inhalation and Exhalation Are Pulmonary
Ventilation—That's Breathing.
External Respiration Exchanges Gases between the
Lungs and the Bloodstream.
Internal Respiration Exchanges Gases between the
Bloodstream and Body Tissues.
Air Vibrating the Vocal Cords Creates Sound
Olfaction, or Smelling, Is a Chemical Sensation
EX: Cough ,Cold ,Pneumonia , Asthma ,Chronic
Bronchitis ,Atelectasis Emphysema ,PE –
Pulmonary ,Embolism ,Pulmonary Edema ,Sinusitis
Acute Pharyngitis ,Tonsillitis ,Sore throat , Acute
Bronchitis, Pleuritis Tuberculosis , Lung Cancer , Non-
small cell lung Cancer Squamous Cell Carcinoma ,of
Skin , Adenocarcinoma ,Large Cell Carcinoma
Small Cell Lung ,Cancer Respiratory Failure ,Acute
Respiratory Failure , Chronic Respiratory Failure
COPD .