Types & Nos. of Questions Multiple Choice Questions - 31 Assertion-Reason Questions - 12 Case Based Questions - 4 Cases each with three Questions and one Internal Choice Subjective Questions -B Trend Analysis On the basis of analysis of last 2 years’ paper, it is found that as an average 1 Multiple Choice Question and 1 Assertion-Reason Question are asked from this chapter. No case based question was asked but may be asked in coming exams. Focus Topics of the Chapter + D-L- configuration, polysaccharides «Structure of proteins, enzymes, hormones. * DNA,RNA.Multiple Choice Questions No. of Questions : 31 Suggested Time : 50 Minutes Directions : Each of the question given below is multiple choice question (MCQ) ie. there are four options/choices for answer, out of which only one is correct. You have to select the correct option, Aresponse box is given with each option, mark (/) in the box of the correct option. for each correct answer you will get 1 mark, while there is no penalty for incorrect answer or missed out questions. 1. Various carbohydrates are given below. How many of them are monosaccharides? Sucrose, ghicose, ribose, starch, galactose, fructose, glycogen, maltose, cellulose. M50 ®40 ©30 M20 2. Among the given test tubes containing sugar, which do not possess free aldehydic group? | =} Malt sugar Milk sugar | m1. TPomesuear | Toe Aro @®io ©mo 3. Glucose lice 1 a anhydride Beaker -I Beaker -IT Glucose Glucose Cone. HNO, Hydroxyl Beaker -III Beaker IV Select the incorrect statement. (A) Reaction of beaker-I is helpful to prove straight chain structure of glucose with 6-C. o (B) Product of beaker-II, confirms the presence of five —OH groups. oO (©) Product of beaker-III contain both CHO and COOH group. a (D) Reaction of Beaker-IV indicates the presence of —CHO group. a 4, Which of the following structure represents a-D-glucose? [Link] [Link] H On H 0, OH ‘i @ KG, Ow a HONE Wow on A HOW non H # H OCHO A —0 on a © OM onNE__F/on on O8/en.0n1 on OH on OH 5. In the following reaction, identify A and B Cats, SS Cone nai acid 5 (A) A= COOH—(CH,),—COOH, IHC—(CHOCOCH,), —CH,OCOCH, o (B) A= COOH—(CH,),—CHO, OHC—(CHOCOCH, ), —CH,OCOCH, a (©) A=OHC—(CHOCOCH, ), —CH,OCOCH,, COOH—(CH,),—CHO. a (D) A=OHC—(CHOCOCH, ), —CH,OCOCH,, B = COOH—(CHOH), —COOH o 6. Which of the following statements is not true about glucose ? [case 2023) (A) Itis an aldohexose. a (B) On heating with HI, it forms n-hexane, 0 (C) Itis present in pyranose form, Oo (D) It gives 2, 4-DNP test. oO7. Identify anomeric carbon in following structure. 6 HOCH °CH,OH i 4 9 tox BH CH,OH CH,OH ay 5 (A) C-1 in both pair of structure (B) C-1 in Land C-2 in IT (C) C-2 in Tand C-1 in I (D) C-2 in both 8. A-sugar which is composed of glucose and fructose, forms 1, 2 elycosidic linkage. Which of the following statement is no about this sugar? (4) Its an oligosaccharide, hnling solution. ooo0 t true (B) It cannot reduce Fel (C) Itcan give Tollen’s test. (D) Itis dextrorotatory. | | pate CH 206 (re 1295 | | 55 pc) u ooaqa CHO D+) ul 1f solution HIT gets hydr acid, then resulting solu! amount thant tion will give (A) solution 1 in. larger (i satedion Land Tibet inermel aoe a (©) only solution Tin lar (p) only solution 11 in large ¢ amount oO ‘amount Oo lysed in presence of 10. Number of chiral carbons in structure I, IT and III respectively are =] HOH,C—C—oH | am (44,8 0 @439 Qo (45,9 Oo 0438 a 41. Number of incorrect statements about starch is/are 1. Composed of amylose and amylopectis II. Amylose is water insoluble. IIL, On hydrolysis it gives B-D glucose. IV. It is made up of a-D glucose. V. Itisa disaccharide. O (8) four a (D)one ~ a (a) two (© three o 12, Which solution of carbohydrate forms 1.4 and 1,6 glycosidic linkage? DB) Sucrose (A) Cellulose o (D) Amylose oa (©) Amylopectin 0 43. Which of the following solution will give a-D glucose on hydrolysis? Foe Lactose Maltose Starch Cellulose o a am) (A) UL, Mand IV (B) Hand IT fa] (QL, Mand OQ (D) Land Ht a14, Three test tubes are given, Each test tube contains amino acid in it. Which of the given amino acids can’t be synthesised by body? = ee Histidine Phenylalanine Serine 1 0 mL @LLM OO Lu a (©) LM QO omm a 15. Amino acid which is optically inactive is (A) glycine = (B) lysine a (© histidine (D) serine ao 16. Shown below is the chain structure of an unknown compound A case 03} tay yt N HO" cy, Qo How v, cH, fe Which of the following statements is true for compound A? (A) Compound A is neutral, oO (B) Compound A is basic in nature, a (C) Compound A is acidic in nature. Oo (D) Compound A is ammonium salt, a 17. Which is the structure of a zwitter ion of an amino acid? [case a8 (A) al ed oO H,C—cH, —cH,— CH, —NH, (B) H,Nt*—CH—coo™ iN 6 a H,C—coo™ (C) H,N—CH—coo™ onsale a e—0H, (D) H,N—cH—coo™ | a H,C—SH 18, Incorrect statement for proteins is/are (A) Intermolecular H-bonding present in a-helix structure. o (B) Intermolecular H-bonding exist in frpleated sheet. o (© Fibrous proteins are soluble in water. (D) Keratin is present in hairs/silk. o 19. pleated sheet structure in proteins referred to 102se 2003 (A) primary structure fal (B) secondary structure a (C) tertiary structure o (D) quaternary structure a 20. Four structures of proteins are given below, which of the following structure remains unaffected by temperature? SES pee @ (B) © (D) og Oo Qa 21. Curdling of milk is an example of (A) breaking of peptide linkage a (B) hydrolysis of lactose a (C) breaking of proteins into amino acids O (D) denaturation of protein a 22. Which of the following statements is/are correct? [CBSE 08) I. Amongst lysine, histidine and Serine, lysine is the most basic in nature, IL, All non-essential amino acids are basic in nature. IIL. Adding acids such as lemon juice into meat protein does not denature the primary structure yet tenderize meat. (A) Only 1 O ©) only m a ©ladm O © Ltandm g23. Identify the incorrect statement. (A) All enzymes are globular proteins. o (B) Enzymes are biocatalyst. (C) Enzymes are needed only in small quantity. a (D) Enzyme increases magnitude of activation energy. a 24, Which of the following statements is/are correct for proteins or enzymes when they are subjected to physical changes as specified? 1 The sequence of amino acids in the peptide changes in a protein when the pH of its environment is changed. TI. Most enzymes stop working above about 50°C. TL. Albumin, a globular whites, sets into an When the egg white is heated. (only =O (p) Land I Oo (Mandi =O (Landi =O protein found in egg insoluble white solid 1caSE 08) 25, ‘The vitamins which can be stored in our [CBSE SOP 2024) body are a (a) Vitamin A, B, D and E (8) Vitamin A, C, D and K (C) Vitamin A, B,C and D a (p) Vitamin A, D, E and K oO 26. The vitamin which is generally excreted in urine by humans 1s (1 (B) vitamin D a (p) vitamin K (A) vitamin B (©) vitamin O a7. Match Column-t with Column. : ss Colwmn-t (Wiseases) Codes (p) @ © (A) Gi) Civ) Civ). (B) Gv) Gi) Gi) (CG) Gv) Gi) GD (p) Gv) i) Gi) @) 28. Which of the following vitamin deficiency increases blood clotting time? (A) Vitamin DO (B) Vitamin C a (©) VitaminE © (D) Vitamin K a 29, Correct statement(s) about nucleic acids ooo00 is/are (A) RNAis not considered as nucleic acid. O (B) nucleoside contains PO; group. o (c) nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester linkage. o (p) nucleic acid contains hexose sugar. 1 430, ‘The following image shows the structure of DNA, with the letters indicating the bases present. Which structure of DNA is represented above? 1casé 08) (A)Primary (Q(B) Secondary ()Teniary (PD) Quaternary OO 31. Match the following columns. Column L (Thy {e)_tosutin_ (a)_Phosphodieste Codes @ 0) @ (yt 4 3 2 qa 3% «44 (wi 3 4 inkage 4. Zwitterion_ oooo 2 2 2Assertion-Reason Questions Suggested Time : 30 Minutey No. of Questions : 12 ints; one labelled as Assertion ang Directions Si is statemer Each of the question given below consist of the two siven below other as Reason. List of common options applicable for each question Is 2 i sertion. (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assert (8) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion, (C) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. (0) Assertion is false, but Reason is true. You have to select the codes as A, B, C or D as your answer to the question by marking (v7) in the response box given against each option. Assertion (A) Starch is water soluble. 1, Assertion (A) All carbohydrates follow 6. C,H,,0, formula. Reason (R) Amylopectin constitutes about Reason (R) Acetic acid follows this formula 80-85% part of starch. but not carbohydrate, wo @®a wo ®o ©o8F wo oo oo 2, Assertion (A) Pentaacetate of glucose do not Assertion (A) Amino acids form zwitter ion react with hydroxylamine. 7 by transfer of protons from NH, group to Reason (R) The reaction indicates absence of free —CHO group in glucose. COOH ae 7 Reason (R) Zwitter ions are amphoteric. (A) (®) oO oa moa a “ Oo ® a 3. Assertion (A) Glucose reacts with © oo O hydroxylamine to form an oxime and also adds a molecule of hydrogen cyanide to give 8, Assertion (A) All amino acids are solid at cyanohydrin. 20°C. Reason (R) The carbonyl group is present in Reason (R) Amino acids can form zwitter the open chain structure of glucose. ions. The ionic nature of the zwitter ions ao @mo Oo oo gives amino acids with relatively strong intermolecular forces of attraction. (C5504 “™o ®oO ©oF wo Assertion (A) Proteins are found to have t'° different types of secondary structures viz 4, Assertion (A) Anomeric carbon in fructose is Cc: Reason () Anomers are stereoisomers, R which have same configuration of atoms. Al hae ans o-helix and jrpleated sheet structure. 5, Assertion (A) Sucrose and fructose can not Reason (R) The secondary structure of give positive Toller sie Proteins is stabilised by hydrogen bondiné Reason (12) Sucrose and fructose do not osse soe! contain an aldehyde group. {ase a0) oO wo ©o oO wa @®o @o oOqo, Assertion (A) Enzymes are very specific for 3 particular reaction and for 2 particular substrate. Reason (R) Enzymes are biocatal (~) O @o ©do 11. Assertion (A) Vitamin Aand K reduce excess body fat in humans. Reason (R) Vitamin A and K are fat soluble. Case Based No. of Questions : 4 contains 4 cases each Directions This section based on the context of answer of each question Questions having 3 questions and 1 intern: f the related case. Each case st ae no ._ Assertion (4) The backbone of DNA and RNA molecule fsa chain Sonar oe eterocyelic base, pent mn i phosphate group. a Reason (R) Nucleotides and au sson (R) Nucleotides and nucleosides mainly differ from each other in presence of phosphate group. : A o © a au oa ‘Suggested Time : 15 Minutes al choice. You have to write the tudy carries 4(1+1+2) marks given below and answer the following questions. lost of disaccharides and cannot get hydrolysed. Mi lucose units. Glucose is of wo f'PESe and fa and B glucose (Case 1] Read the passage Glucose is a monosaccharide. It Jnarides are made up of Are anomer of each other. The a-form of glucose is obt : the p-form is obtained by crystallisation frot e, maltose and sucrose are disaccharides. en, starch are polysaccharides and polysace ym conc. solution of glucose at 303 K, while ained by crystallisation frot aqueous ‘solution at 371 K. m hot and saturated Lactos: are called non-sugars. Cellulose, glycos' (i) Draw Haworth structure ofa-D Gi) How many carbohydrates among the hydrolysis products of the’ Cellulose, Gai) Write difference between 1p’ and ‘d’ for glucose. or glucose. following are sucrose, maltose, derived from f-(D)-glucose units? Write starch, lactose. Giiy Which carbon is anomer ic earbon in glucose and fructose? pelow and answer the following questions: ecules like carbohydrates, proteins, Read the passage given f various complex biome! ade up o| molecules which or ketones or ‘ed into three groups - Monosaccharides are held together by charide like starch and ctive polyhydroxy aldehyde hey are broadly ¢ nd polysaccha ‘erase, maltose or Polysacs Carbohydrates hh units on hydrolysis - ides, oligosacchar form disaccharides provide sucl monosacchari lycosidic linkages to cellulose.Another biomolecule : proteins are polymers of a-amino acids which are linked by peptide bonds. Structure and shapes of proteins can be studied at four different levels i.e. primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary, each level being more complex than the previous one. Answer the following questions (i) What is the difference between a glycosidic linkage and peptide linkage? (ii) Which amino acids are called essential amino acids? (ii) What are the common types of secondary structures of proteins? Write any two forces which stabilise the secondary and tertiary structures of protein. Or (ii) Define denaturation of protein with an example, During denaturation, which structures of protein lose their biological activity ? (Case 3] Read the passage given below and answer the following questions. Vitamins are organic compounds which are needed in small quantity. Some vitamins are taken through diet. B,, vitamin is synthesised in body. Vitamin B and C are water soluble. Deficiency of vitamin B causes numerous diseases like cheilosis, beri-beri, convulsions. Vitamin C is chemically termed as ascorbic acid. Its deficiency causes scurvy. Vitamin B are classified in different categories B,, By, B, ,B,, B, ,B, ,B, and B,.. Deficiency of vitamin D causes Rickets and oesteomalacia, Sunlight is good source of vitamin D, (i) Name two vitamins which are water soluble. (ii) A child is suffering from bleeding gums. Doctor advised him to intake amla, lemon, oranges. and green leafy vegetables. By deficiency of which vitamin does the child is suffering? + (organ inorganic) compounds, required in diet in .. . . (smalVlarge) (ii) Vitamins are .. amount. Or (iii) Write the chemical name of vitamin B,, B,, B,, and D. (CaS@4] Read the passage given below and answer the following questions. EVIDENCE FOR THE FIBROUS NATURE OF DNA The basic chemical formula of DNA is now well established. As shown in Figure | it consists of a very long chain, the backbone of which is made up of alternate sugar and phosphate groups, joined together in regular 3’ 5' phosphate di-ester linkages, To each sugar is attached a ‘ogenous base, only four different kinds of which are commonly found in DNA. Two of these - adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two ~ thymine and cytosine ~ are pyrimidines. A fifth base, 5-methyl cytosine, occurs in smaller amounts in certain organisms, and a sixth, S-hydroxy- methyl- cytosine, is found instead of cytosine in the T even phases (Wyatt and Cohen, 1952), The two strands of DNA are complementary to each other. Adenine of one strand is hydrogen bonded to thymine of the other through two hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine of one strand is hydrogen bonded with guanine of the other through three hydrogen bonds, ie. A= T and C=G. It should be noted that the chain is unbranched, a consequence of the regular internucleotide linkage. On the other hand, the sequence of the different nucleotides is, as far as can he ascertained, completely irregular. Thus, DNA has some features which are regular, and some which are irregular. ied by a Fellowship from the National r conception of the DNA molecule as ai Foundation for Infantile paralysis, Long thin fiber is obtained from physico-chemical analysis involving sedimentation, diffusion, light scattering, and viscosity measurements. ‘These techniques indicate that DNA is a very asymmetrical structure approximately 20A wideand many thousands of angstroms long. Esti i i Se ee ee ee measurements tend to suggest that the DNA is relatively rigid, a pu: ling fini in the large nuraber of single bonds (5 per nucleotide) in the phesphate-sugar back . DNA. ast--sucan DASESUGAR BASE—SUGAR HASE—SUGAR BASE-SUGAR Fig. 1 Chemical formula (diagrammatic) of a single chain of deoxyribonucleic acid. PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATE, PHOSPHATE, ‘PHOSPHATE (i) Name the purines present in DNA, i) What constitutes the backbone of DNA? (iii) Out of the four different kinds of nitrogenous bases which are commonly found in DNA, has been replaced in some organisms. Or If one strand of a DNA has the sequences — ATGCTTCA - wl complementary strand? is the sequence of the bases in the Subjective Questions Free Response Questions, Open-ended Questions etc. Suggested Time : 75 Minutes No. of Questions : 13 Explain with the help of suitable reaction. 4. Following reactions are taking place in test tubes, Which of the following reaction nonical (at 2019 proves that? — i {@) Glucose molecule contains 6-C in straight 7 sone li i | Todine solutic (i) Glucose molecule contains S-hydroxyl _|_ Fehling solution | i solution OUpS. Ie Bice aly) have —CHO group. a (iii) Glucose molecule Out of given 4 solutions which will reduce | etucose a ol ghicose and why ? q { con ee 4 me 3, Glucose does not give a positive result with a the Schiff reagent in the Schiff's test. L_etucose | Leetucose Based on the above information, «le af , (i) Give a reason for the observation. iE anhydride (ii) What type of carbonyl group is present in a glucose molecule? [ease sa? 2024)+ Acompound (P) on hydrolysis gives compound (Q) and (R) compound (Q) contains aldehydic group while compound (R) contains ketonic group. When reduced by Fehling’s solution, both (Q) and (R) gets reduced. All the compound are sweet intake. Identify (P), (Q) and (2) and write their respective chemical reactions among (P),(Q) and (R); which sugar is called invert sugar and why? () Give any one property of glucose that cannot be explained by the open chain structure. Gi) Compare amylose with amylopectin in terms of constituting structure. (iii) Why do amino acids show amphoteric behaviour? A protein is not soluble in water. This protein is formed by polypeptide chains run parallel and are held together by hydrogen and disulphide bonds. Write any two examples of such type of proteins. (i) Amongst the following amino acids, which is the most basic in nature? Why? Amino acid Side chai Glycine H Lysine H.N— (CH, ),— Serine HO — cH, (ii) How do acids such as lemon juice tenderise the meat while using it in a marinade? {CBSE QB) |. Structure of protein (X) is given. This protein have spherical shape structure which results when the chains of polypeptides coil around. (j) Identify the type of protein. (i) Write two examples of such type of proteins. (iii) Write one difference between a-helix and Bepleated sheet structure on the basis of bonding. . Mr. Chatterjee was having pain in his joins, The shape of one his canines and some of his toes got deformed a bit. He visited the doctor. Along with the medications he was asked to take ample amounts of milk, and eggs. He was also asked to take cod liver ol capsules. The doctor asked Mr. Chatterjee to expose himself to sufficient sunlight every day [CBSE 03) ( What is the most probable disease that Mr. Chatterjee is suffering from? (i) Mr. Chatterjee found one morning the milk had curdled. What could be a probable reason for his observation? Explain the observation. (ii) How can exposure to sunlight help in improving the health condition of Mt. Chatterjee?10, (i) What happens when glue bromine water? Write chemical equ tion, identily ich one is (ii) Two bases are mentioned below, which is present in DNA and wl present in RNA? (a) Thymine (b) Uracil (CBSE 2024) 41. Gi) What happens when glucose reaets with nitric acid? Write chemical equation, Gi) Write one structural difference between DNA and RNA. ease 2024) 42, The image below shows the double helix structure of a DNA. {use sar 2021) |_ Minor groove _ Major groove () The double helix structure ised destroyed by change i? (a) Temperatur ¢ bonds holding Jouble helix 101 Suppose th strands for d (a) Covalent bonds (b) London diyporsion fore, What would te the problem in each eae? 13, ‘The image below shows a small part of single strand of DNA, The DNA continues bond at Nandy N 8 ) Oy NV VN | oto " Oo iuiGa | Guanine y ‘The image below shows two other bas cytosine ‘and adenine which are also found ina DNA? u nn Cotenive JM sdenine 5 wen wv nw NN ot NN phuytibune Jpeoaytibone ane aul phosp ae here () Whiel among these to bases, pals with the quran fn fst image when Wwe separate strands of DNA fara double helix? (i) Explain how th selected In (s juanine, re base that you have formas a base pale witht jense OU)Answers . ise put (X). In case yo Ifyour answer matches with the answer given here then put (v) in the box otherwise put (X). you Not attempt the question leave the box blank. Multiple Choice Questions we sa O weg moO sad Bere) 2cg wc Q pelea cl 3acQ 28 O Your Score__(Na. of Correct Answers) 4ag 20a O Assertion-Reason Questions 500 2.00 soo 2.80 RET ba 5 7380 aod eae el eal acg zc O SoapGl : 38d 2.0 0 4cQ0 8 O weg 2A O §00 noo neg 200 600 zoo tel A ete a Your Score (Wo. of Corect Ansivers) 13, . Explanations MCQs 4. (A) The correct structure of a-D-glucose is 1, (B) Sucrose and maltose are disaccharides cHon while, glucose, fructose, ribose and galactexe are F On monosaccharides. Moreover, starch glycogen ‘i and cellulose are polysaccharides we Wy Thus, there are 4 monosaccharides 4 On 2. (C) Test tube IIT Contains sucrose (cane sugar), . which is non-reducing in nature and doce coy 5 WP GHh.0, compound i a Blicose molecule. posses fre aldehyde enna We reas with acetic anhydride, it gives lucose pentaacetate (A), 3 (©) Statements (A), (B) and (D) are correct whi oni . faa statement (C) is incorrect. Its correct form lor 1 Product of beaker (II}) contains COOH ant CHOI, +5(CH\CO,0 —, —OH groups. The reaction is shown below « “ htaiey (recoctn HOH Te ooH Ghuone cH,0—C—ciy, (Hom, =", CHoH, — =e " cHon coon * SCH;COOH fen tt Men glucose reacts with cone. HNO, it gives sacchatieSe Cone. ENO: (CHOH), = cooH(CHOH) —COOH Saechare acid CH,OH Gucose 6, (D) Statement (A), (B) and (©) are correct while statement (D) is incorrect. Its correct form lucose does not give 2, 4- DNP test as there is #4 free aldehyde group present in its cyclic form. 7, (B) Anomers are stereoisomers which differ at specific carbon in configuration of atoms. o, C-1 in glucose (1) and C-2 in fructose (II) are anomeric carbons. 8, (C) Statement (A), (B) and (D) are correct while statement (C) is incorrect. Its correct form is: ‘Sucrose being a non-reducing sugar cannot give Tollen’s test. 9. (B) Sucrose (C,,H;,0;,) (IID on hydrolysis gives equimolar mixture of D-(+)-glucose, ie. (1) and fructose, ie. (ID. 40. (C) The number of chiral carbons (represented by *) in the given structures are as follow = 11,011 pe H H \n x afi ts ‘ie OF" oy jou ne at f Ht CH,OH a o D4+)-glucopyranose a D-Ciructohurano fo, of chiral carbon = 5 No. of chiral carbon = 4 Ne CH,OH 8a none NI \H HOH, a Ny Na | yoy noo i \| = c) Statements (1) and (IV) are correct; while M1. Clements (11), (HID and (Y) ae" correct. Its Sorrect form is as follow: Amylose is soluble in water * On hydrolysis, starch gives «“P «risa polysaccharide. glucose units, 12, (C) Amylopeetin is a highly branched chain polymer of a-D glucose units in which glycosidic linkage is present between C6, atoms, whereas the branching occurs through GC, elycosidi linkage ieee 13. (B) (1) Lactose on hydrolysis gives (+D glucose and BD galactose (11) Maltose on hydrolysis gives «-D glucose (II) Starch on hydrolysis gives a- D glucose (IV) Cellulose on hydrolysis gives D glucose So, solution (11) and (III) will give a-D glucose on hydrolysis. 14, (B)A (histidine) and B (phenylalanine) are essential amino acids, so can't be synth body. On the other hand, serine is a non-essential amino acid. id in 45. (A) Glycine is optically inactive amino acid while all other a-amino acids are optically active, 46. (B) Since, more no. of amino groups are present in the given amino acid, thus itis basic in nature. (p) The correct zwitter ion of an amino acid is represented as ‘R—CH—COO™ 17, NH, “Thus, the structures (D) represents zwvitter ion of an amino acid. 18, (C) Statement (A), (B) and (D) are correct while Statement (C) is incorrect. Its correct form is fibrous proteins are water insoluble in nature. eg, Myosin, hair and nails protein (Keratin)- 49, (B) In proteins, the arhelix and frpleated sheet are examples of secondary structure. 20. (A) The given structure (A), (B), (C) and (D) are primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary peratures respectively. Primary structure of protein remains unaffected by temperature, és Guring denaturation. 21, (D) Curdling of milk is denaturation of protein. (II) is correct. The other rect. Their corrected 1, histidine an example of (B) Only Statement given statements are incor form are as and serine, histi All non-essent nature. 22. ne is amino aci23, (D) All enzymes are globular protein and act as biocatalyst. Their small quantity is required to te chemical reaction, Like, chemical catalysts, enzyme reduces the magnitude of activation energy. Thus, only (D) is the incorrect statement given. (©) Statements (11) and (III) are correct while statement (I) is incorrect. Its correct form is * The sequence of amino acids in a protein (also known as primary structure) remains intact when pH of environment is changed. (D) Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat soluble vitamins and can be stored in liver and adipose tissues. (A) Vitamin B is water soluble and therefore readily excreted in urine (D) The correct match is (p)-iv), (q) (4). Vitamin B, -> Convulsions Vitamin D — Rickets Vitamin B, ~ Cheilosis Vitamin B, > Beri-beri 24, 25, 26. 27. (Gi), 28. (D) Vitamin K deficiency increases blood clotting time. On the other hand, vitamin D deficiency causes rickets; vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy ind vitamin E deficiency causes increases infragility of RBCs. (©) Only statements (C) is correct. The other given statements in correct form are + RNA is considered as nucleic acid, + Anucleoside consists of two basic components of nucleic acid, i. a pentose sugar and nitrogeneous base. + Nucleic acid contains pentose sugar. (A) The given structure shows the primary structure of DNA. 31. (B) The correct match is a-4, be *+ Amino acids can form zwitter ions. + Thymine is a nitrogenous base present in DNA molecule. + Insulin is an example of globular protei *+ Phosphodiester linkage is present in nucleic acid. 29. 30, 2. Assertion-Reason Questions 1. (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true. The correct form of Assertion is most of the carbohydrates have general formula C,H,,0, but all the carbohydrates do not fit into this fornvula, e.g, rhamnose (C,H,,0,) is a carbohydrate but does not ft in the formula, 2, (A) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Asserti NH,OH do not react with pentaacetate of glucose. This is because glucose pentaacetate molecule do not have free CHO group, (A) Due to the presence of carbonyl group (C= 0)in the open chain structure of glucose, if reacts with hydroxyl amine to form an oxime and adds a molecule of hydrogen cyanide to give cyanohydrin. cn cH CHO CH=N—on [ “ou (CHOH), HX (CHOH), at (CHOW), “Ho CHOH HOH CH,OH Glucose cyanchydrin Glucose Glucose Thus, both Assertion and Reason are correct. and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion, 4. (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false. The correct Reason is: Anomers are stereoisomers which differ in arrangement of atoms at anomeric carbon (C). In glucose anomeric C is C-1. In fructose anomeric C is C-2. 5, (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true, The correct form of Assertion is sucrose do not give Tollen’s test but fructose gives positive Tollen’s test. (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true. The correct form of Assertion Starch is insoluble in water. 6. (D) Assertion is false, but Reason is true. The correct form of Assertion is ‘Transfer of proton takes place from —COOH to NH,, group in the formation of zwitter ion, roo Goo. rf + R—C—NH,}—=R—C— Ni, I or H H (@winer to) (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. (8) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. The correct explanation is proteins are foxira! to have two different types ofsecondary structures depending upon type of hydrogen bonding. 10. (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of ‘Assertion, The correct explanation is that each enzyme contains an active site which has specific shape and size. 11. (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true. The correct Assertion i Vitamin A and K does not reduce excess body fats in humans. 42. (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true. The correct As jon is Backbone of DNA and RNA is composed of alternating pentose sugar and phosphate groups Case Based Questions 1. (i) Haworth structure of a-D glucose is CH,OH oi s —o H H atts Mh OH Wy on f 3 On ou copyranose ii) Cellulose and lactose are derived from p(D).glucose units. The hydrolysed products of the given carbohydrat (i) Cellulose > D glucose Gi) Sucrose —> aD glucose and PD fructose ) Maltose -»a-D glucose and aD glucose iv) Starch > a-D glucose (v) Lactose —>frD galactose and [FD glucose Gi — » ae Tit gives configuration of « HEPES steer dextrorottory nature setutatihet position of» #2 an muerte sigest which as specie te gean optical oat. bon in fructose, bon in glucose, 2. (i) Peptide linkage Proteins are connected to each other by —CO—Ni bond which is Glycosidic linkage Linkage between two monosaccharide units through an oxygen atom is called glycosidic linkage cg. u,oH H ° 0, A wou OX 4 Qu io 1 “O;—\n on/cH,on incite iio (ji) Those amino acid which cannot be synthesised in the body and must be obtained through diet are called essential amino acids, e.g. valine, leucine, arginine ete. (ii) The common types of secondary structures of proteins are the a-helix and the pleated sheets. Hydrogen bonding and weak van der, Waals forces are the two forces which stabilise the secondary and tertiary structure of protein. ) When a native protein is subjected to physical change (like change in temperature) oF Shemical change (like change in pH), then hyudrogen bonds are disturbed. As a result, globules unfold and helix get uncoiled and protein loses its biological ‘acti ‘This process is called denaturation of protein. ce, Curdling of milk caused due to the Formation of lactic acid by the bacteria present milk. During denaturation, secondary and tertiary Aructures of protein loss their biological tivity.3. (i) Water soluble vitamins are (a) Vitamin B (ii) The child is su! vitamin C (ase: (b) Vitamin © {fering from deficiency of sorbic acid). (ii) Vitamins are organic compounds, required in diet in small amount. Or (iii) The cher as follow: + Vitamin B, — Thiami + Vitamin B, — + Vitamin B,, name of given vitamins are iboflavin —Cyanocobalamine + Vitamin D — Egrocalciferol 4, (i) Adenine and guanine are two purine bases present follows NH iS ‘Adenine alternate suga: joined together in DNA structure is as Guanine Mu Backbone of DNA is made up of and phosphate groups, in regular 3-5’ phosphate diester linkages. (iii) Cytosine, commonly found in DNA has been replaced in some organisms. 5 methyleytosine and S-hydroxymethyleytosine is found instead of cytosine in the T even phases, Or (iii) We know that (A) always pait cytosine (C) al in DNA molecule, adenine irs with thymine (T) and lways pairs with guanine (G). Thus, sequence of bases in one strand: —ATGCTTCA— Sequence of base: strand: —TA the complementary CGAAGT— Subjective Questions 1, Reaction in test t slucose molecule chain, cuo (ci10HD, a, CHy~CH)~CH,—~CH,~cH,—cH, CH,OH tube (c) proves that, contains 6-C in a straight hexane S Reaction in test tube (d molecule contains 5-O# Reaction in test tube (b) Conf in glucose. CHO cooH ): <2 (CHOH), (CHOW), <== (CHOH CH,OH [Link] Glucose is a reducing sugar, which can be reduced by Tollen’s reagent (ammonical silver nitrate solution) and Feling solution (ag. CuSO, and Rochelle salt). So Beaker and III can reduce glucose. ( The —OH group present on the C-3 atom in the glucose molecule forms a six-membered ring with the —CHO group to form a cyclic hemiacetal structure. Thus, glucose does not give a positive result with the Schiff's reagent in the Schiff’s test. Gi) The carbonyl group present in glucose is aldehydic, * Since compound (P) on hydrolysis gives compounds having aldehydic and ketonie group. Thus, it must be sucrose (C,.H,,0,,) * Since, both (Q) and (R) reduces Fehling’s solution, thus they are reducing sugars glucose and fructose. The reactions are given below. Hom? Ci2Ha20 CH 20g + CeHy204 Sucrose D(+}glucose D-(-)-fructose ” @ | (R) Aldehydic Ketonic group group Out of), (Q) and (R).(P) (sucrose) is an invert sugar This is because sucrose is dextrorotatory but after: hydrolysis, it gives dextrorotatory glucose and laevorotatory fructose. Hence, the hydrolysis of sucrose brings about a change in the sign of rotation,;) (Write any one) Property of glucose that cannot be i ae ae ee explained by open chi {a) Despite having the aldehyde group, glucose does not give Schif's aoe a ae {b) Glucose does not react with sodium hydrogen sulphite to form addi ecetae (¢) The penta-acetate of glucose does not react with hydroxyl amine sh pastes —CHO group. 1ydroxyl amine showing the absence of free (i) Amylose is soluble in water and constitutes 15- : i amy ematittes about 80-85% of starch. 15-2096 of starch, while amylopectin fs Insole meter ‘CHOW “cron H OH tink Amiose glycosidic linkages between C-1 the branching occurs by C,-C, In both amylose and amylopectin, the D-glucose units are linked through of one glucose unit and C-4 of the next glucose unit, whereas in amylopect glycosidic linkage. “cH,0H [Link] OH g—Branch tC Scout tral depending upon the relative number of active amino and qual number of amino and carboxyl groups makes i neutral, ca poxylic group means acidic amino acid. Hence, amino carboxyl group present in th molecule. ino group means basic and more ric behaviour. hy is not soluble i hairs) and myosin more acids show amphoter 6. This is fibrous proteins, whi eg. Keratin (found in nails, ven amino in water. (present in muscles). as it has one more amino group present w which ost bat ‘Amongst the # makes it bas! os ) Acidic ingredients in the n yon jules, unwinding the long protein pre he meat by b jobular protein (u-helis) All tenderise the meat by denaturing oF aking apart the amino acids. [pleated sheet struct Tt undergoes intermolecular hydrogen bond8. (i) Mr. Chatterjee is suffering from osteomalacia which occurs due to deficieney of vitamin D. This is because they are advised to take sufficient sunlight which is a main source of vitamin D, Gi) Ifthe pH of milk is increased it curdles. The change in pH leads to breaking of the hydrogen bond and salt bridges in the protein molecules of milk. Thus, the proteins in milk get denatured and the milk curdles. (ii) Since, the best source of vitamin D is exposure to sunlight and osteomalacia is caused due to deficiency of vitamin D. Therefore, exposure to sunlight help in improving the health condition of Mr. Chatterjee. 10. (i) Glucose gets oxidised in presence of bromine water and give gluconic acid. This reaction confirms the presence of aldehyde group. cuo coon Hom, BES cuiom, cH,On cH,OH Glucose Gluconic acid i) Uracil is present in RNA while thym present in DNA. 11. (i) When glucose reacts with nitric acid, it gets oxidised to saccharie acid. is cHo coon (cHom, 8% (cHor), CH,OH coon lucase Sacchare acd (ii) The structural difference between DNA and RNA are as follow DNA RNA The helical structure of The helical structure of DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded, 2. The sugar molecule is The sugar molecules is BD2-deoryribose. —_feD-riose 12. (i) (a) Change in Temperature Double helix is formed through hydrogen bonds. By changing temperature, the bonds are disturbed and the helix gets uncoiled. (b) Change in pH By increasing pH, some of the bases within the double helix structure of DNA {ll be de-protonated. This means that a hydrogen bonds will be involved in holding the two strands of DNA together and eventually the two strands will break apart, thereby destroying the double helix structure. Conversely, decreasing the pH, we can end up protonating the bases, which can ‘also lead to the disturbance in hydrogen bonds of the double helix structure ii) (a) Covalent bonds The covalent bonds are stronger, and form between two nommetals by sharing of electrons. Ifa carbon and oxygen, or two carbons, ora carbon and nitrogen held the helix together, it would be very strong, but require a lot more energy to form and separate for replication or repair. (b) London dispersion force Molecules with only this force are usually non-polar, without any electronegative atoms to induce a dipole. This force would probably be too weak to hold the helix together. 13. (j) Cytosine of one strand is hydrogen bonded with guanine of the other through three hydrogen bonds. (ii) For hydrogen bonding to happen, —NH group present at a top in cytosine forms bond with O (having lone pair of electrons) of guanine, Further, N having lone pair of electrons in case of cytosine forms bond with N—H of guanine. At the end, O of cytosine having lone pair of electrons forms bond to the lower N-H of guanine. The structure of bond formation is shown below.