North Atlantic Treaty Organization

INTRODUCTION TO NATO

WHAT IS NATO ? WHAT DOES NATO DO ? HOW DOES NATO WORK ?

Briefer’s guide
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization
INTRODUCTION TO NATO

WHAT IS NATO ? WHAT DOES NATO DO ? HOW DOES NATO WORK ?

A political and military organization

Member countries

Sharing common values

The principle of collective defence

A comprehensive vision of security

The Alliance’s Strategic Concept

Maintaining the transatlantic link

Briefer’s guide
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization
INTRODUCTION TO NATO

WHAT IS NATO ? WHAT DOES NATO DO ? HOW DOES NATO WORK ?

Helps to create a stable Welcomes new members Forges Partnerships Leads crisis management Combats existing and Helps to create a stable
environment operations emerging threats environment
Afghanistan
• Membership Action Plan • Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council • Missile defence • Develops military capabilities
Kosovo
Lisbon Capabilities Package (2010)
• Partnership for Peace Libya • Terrorism
NATO Response Force (NRF)
Practical cooperation The Mediterranean
• Weapons of Mass Destruction Reforming the military command structure
Individual Partnership Programmes Gulf of Aden
Inititative Reform of the defence planning process
Individual Partnership Action Plans Iraq
Alliance Ground Surveillance (AGS)
Planning and Review Process NATO and Africa • Cyber defence
Partnership Action Plan Against Terrorism Previous Balkan Operations Missile defence
• Energy security
Partnership for Peace Trust Funds • Types of crisis management
Partnership Action Plan on Defence Insti- operations
tution Building
Education and Training for Defence • Civil Emergency Planning
Reform Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordi-
nation Center
• NATO-Russia relations
Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Unit
NATO-Rusia Council
Rome Declaration
NATO-Rusia Founding Act
NATO-Rusia Practical Cooperation

• NATO-Ukraine relations
NATO-Ukraine Commission
NATO-Ukraine Charter

• NATO-Georgia Relations

• Mediterranean Dialogue

• Istanbul Cooperation Initiative

• Other international organizations

NATO-UN relations
NATO-EU relations

• Partners across the globe

Briefer’s guide
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization
INTRODUCTION TO NATO

WHAT IS NATO ? WHAT DOES NATO DO ? HOW DOES NATO WORK ?

Consensus Civil and military Delegations Main bodies NATO Secretary International International Military Com- Agencies Paying for NATO
decision-making structure General Staff Military Staff mand Structure
North Atlantic Council Organigramme Organigramme Civil Budget
Allied Command
Nuclear Planning Military Budget
Group Operations
NATO’s Security
Military Committee Organigramme Investment
Programme
Allied Command
Transformation
Organigramme

Briefer’s guide
North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Introduction to NATO

What is NATO?

What does NATO do?

How does NATO work?

1
 = > + +

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

WHAT IS NATO ?

 A political and military organization

 Member countries

 Sharing common values

 The principle of collective defence

 Comprehensive vision of security

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 Maintaining the transatlantic link
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2
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

A political and military organization

A political and military
organization

Member countries
 A political organization
Sharing common
values
 A military organization
The principle of
collective defence

A comprehensive “NATO’s fundamental role and enduring purpose is

vision of security to safeguard the freedom and security of its
member countries by political and military means.”
Maintaining the
transatlantic link

3
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

A political and military organization

A political and military
organization
 A political organization
Member countries reinforcing security by reducing the risk of conflict

Sharing common
values
DIALOGUE /
DIPLOMACY
CONSENSUS
The principle of
collective defence

A comprehensive
vision of security COOPERATION

Maintaining the
transatlantic link

next

vb
4
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

A political and military organization

A political and military

organization
 A military organization
Member countries when diplomatic efforts fail

Sharing common
values
CRISIS MANAGEMENT
COLLECTIVE DEFENCE
OPERATIONS
The principle of
collective defence

A comprehensive MAINTAINING
vision of security ADEQUATE MILITARY
CAPABILITIES
Maintaining the
transatlantic link

previous

5
 What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

28 Member countries
num.

A political and military

organization 1949 Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States
Member countries
1952 Greece, Turkey
Sharing common
values 1955 Germany

The principle of 1982 Spain

collective defence
1999 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
A comprehensive
vision of security
2004 Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania,
= m m PI = =
Slovakia, Slovenia
Maintaining the
transatlantic link 2009 Albania, Croatia

6
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Sharing common values

A political and military
organization

Member countries Democracy Freedom

Sharing common
values
Solidarity Rule of law
The principle of
collective defence

Well-being Individual liberty

A comprehensive
vision of security

Maintaining the Peace and

Common heritage
transatlantic link stability

7
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

The principle of collective defence

A political and military
organization
 Article 5 – Washington Treaty
Member countries
An armed attack against one or more members considered as an
Sharing common attack against all
values
The right to self-defence – Article 51 UN Charter
The principle of
collective defence

A comprehensive  Operate when and where necessary to fight

vision of security terrorism

Maintaining the No geographic limitation – foreign ministers

transatlantic link at Reykjavik, May 2002

8
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

A comprehensive vision of security

A political and military
organization
The Alliance’s Strategic Concept (2010)
Member countries
 Collective defence
Sharing common - Art. 5, the bedrock of the Alliance
values

The principle of  Crisis Management

collective defence - address the full spectrum of crises – before, during &
after conflicts
A comprehensive
vision of security
 Cooperative Security
Maintaining the - partnerships
transatlantic link - arms control, non-proliferation disarmament
- enlargement

9
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Maintaining the transatlantic link

A political and military
organization
 Linking North America and Europe
Member countries

Sharing common
values  A unique security partnership
and forum for strategic security discussions
The principle of
collective defence

A comprehensive
vision of security

Maintaining the
transatlantic link

10
 + + + + + 4

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

WHAT DOES NATO DO?

 Helps to create a stable environment

 Welcomes new members

 Forges partnerships

 Leads crisis management operations

 Combats existing and emerging threats

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 Develops military capabilities
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11
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Helps to create a stable environment

Helps to create a
stable environment

Welcomes new
members  Stimulates consultation

Forges partnerships
 Promotes dialogue and cooperation
Leads crisis
management  Prevents conflicts through diplomacy
operations

Combats existing and  Provides security to rebuild post conflict areas

emerging threats

Develops military
capabilities

12
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Welcomes new members

Helps to create a
stable environment
 Article 10 Washington Treaty
Welcomes new « The Parties may, by unanimous agreement, invite any
members other European State in a position to further the
principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security
Forges partnerships of the North Atlantic area to accede to this Treaty. […] »

Leads crisis
management  NATO’s open-door policy
operations
An ongoing process
Combats existing and
emerging threats
 Membership Action Plan
Develops military
capabilities

13
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Welcomes new members

 Membership  Programme to help aspiring Partner countries

Action Plan
- meet NATO standards
- prepare for possible future membership

 Currently:
- the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia *

- Montenegro

- Bosnia and Herzegovina

(pending progress on key defence reform)

*Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name.

14
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Helps to create a
stable environment  Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council =>

Welcomes new  Partnership for Peace programme =>

members
 NATO-Russia relations =>

Forges partnerships =>

 NATO-Ukraine relations
Leads crisis  NATO-Georgia relations =>
management
operations  Mediterranean Dialogue =>
 Istanbul Cooperation Initiative
Combats existing and
emerging threats  Working with other international organizations

Develops military  Partners across the globe

capabilities

15
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships

 Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council  Multilateral forum for security dialogue and cooperation
 Partnership for Peace 50 members: 28 NATO Allies + 22 Partners
 NATO-Russia  Political framework for:
 NATO-Ukraine
- multilateral cooperation with non-members in the Euro-Atlantic area -
 NATO-Georgia - bilateral relations with individual Partners under Partnership for
Peace
 Mediterranean
Dialogue  Euro-Atlantic Partnership Work Plan
 Istanbul Cooperation Regional security issues, arms control and non-proliferation,
Initiative terrorism and new security challenges, crisis management, defence
reform, defence planning, disaster-preparedness and response,
 Other international science and environment, etc.
organizations
 Partners across the
globe

16
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships

 Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
 Established in 1994 - currently 22 partners
 Partnership for Peace
 NATO-Russia
 NATO-Ukraine
 Cooperation programmes
 NATO-Georgia
 Mediterranean
Dialogue
 Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative
 Other international
organizations
 Partners across the
globe

17
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships

 Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
 22 Partners
 Partnership for Peace
Armenia Georgia Montenegro Ukraine
 NATO-Russia
Austria Ireland Russia Uzbekistan
 NATO-Ukraine
Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Serbia the former
 NATO-Georgia Yugoslav Republic
Belarus Kyrghyz Sweden of Macedonia*
 Mediterranean Republic
Dialogue Bosnia and Switzerland
Herzegovina Malta
 Istanbul Cooperation Tajikistan
Initiative Finland Republic of
Moldova Turkmenistan
 Other international
organizations *Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name.

 Partners across the

globe previous

18
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships

 Euro-Atlantic
a |
Partnership Council  Key areas of practical cooperation >
1
 Partnership for Peace
 Individual Partnership Programmes N
 NATO-Russia
 NATO-Ukraine  Individual Partnership Action Plans IN
 NATO-Georgia  Planning and Review Process =>

-
 Mediterranean
Dialogue
 Partnership Action Plan Against Terrorism >
 Istanbul Cooperation  Partnership for Peace Trust Funds =>

IN
Initiative
 Partnership Action Plan on Defence Institution Building
 Other international
organizations
 Education and Training for Defence Reform =>
 Partners across the
globe previous

19
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
Partnership for Peace:

 Practical cooperation
 Individual Partnership Key areas of practical cooperation
Programmes
 Individual Partnership  Defence reform and modernization of armed forces
Action Plans
 Planning and Review
Process
 Capabilities for multinational crisis-management
 Partnership Action Plan operations
Against Terrorism
 Partnership for Peace  Terrorism and new security challenges
Trust Funds
 Partnership Action Plan  Disaster-preparedness and response
on Defence Institution
Building
 Scientific and environmental cooperation
 Education and Training
for Defence Reform

20
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
Partnership for Peace:

 Practical cooperation
 Activities drawn from wide range of areas identified
 Individual Partnership
Programmes in Euro-Atlantic Partnership Work Plan
 Individual Partnership  Defence policy and planning
Action Plans
 Civil-military relations
 Planning and Review
Process  Education and training
 Partnership Action Plan  Air defence
Against Terrorism
 Partnership for Peace  Communications and information systems
Trust Funds  Crisis management
 Partnership Action Plan
on Defence Institution  Civil emergency planning
Building
 Civil science
 Education and Training
for Defence Reform
 Two-year programmes

21
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
Partnership for Peace:

 Practical cooperation
 Opportunity for deeper cooperation with NATO
 Individual Partnership
Programmes  Specific advice on defence and security
 Individual Partnership  Assistance with domestic reforms
Action Plans
 Planning and Review  Consultations on sensitive issues
Process
 Partnership Action Plan  Two-year plans
Against Terrorism
 Partnership for Peace  Currently: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and
Trust Funds
Herzegovina, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Montenegro,
 Partnership Action Plan
on Defence Institution Republic of Moldova
Building
 Education and Training
for Defence Reform

22
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
Partnership for Peace:

 Practical cooperation
 Open to all Partners on a voluntary basis
 Individual Partnership
Programmes
 Identifies and evaluates forces and capabilities for NATO-
 Individual Partnership
led training, exercises and operations
Action Plans
 Planning and Review  Guides and measures defence and military progress in
Process
participating Partner countries
 Partnership Action Plan
Against Terrorism
 Provides a planning mechanism for Partner countries
 Partnership for Peace
Trust Funds
that are also European Union (EU) members
 Partnership Action Plan
on Defence Institution
 Countries that wish to join NATO must participate in
Building PARP
 Education and Training
for Defence Reform

23
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
Partnership for Peace:

 Practical cooperation  Framework for NATO-Partner cooperation on

 Individual Partnership terrorism
Programmes  Improved intelligence-sharing
 Individual Partnership
Action Plans  Cooperation in border security
 Planning and Review  Training and exercises
Process
 Development of capabilities
 Partnership Action Plan
Against Terrorism  Supports destruction of surplus munitions and small arms
 Partnership for Peace and light weapons
Trust Funds
 Partnership Action Plan  Defines partnership roles and instruments to fight
on Defence Institution
Building terrorism
 Education and Training
for Defence Reform

24
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
Partnership for Peace:

 Practical cooperation
 Projects led by NATO and Partner countries -
 Individual Partnership
Programmes funded on voluntary basis
 Individual Partnership
Action Plans  Assist in safe destruction of
 Planning and Review  Anti-personnel mines stockpiles
Process
 Partnership Action Plan
 Other munitions stockpiles
Against Terrorism
 Partnership for Peace  Support defence reform projects
Trust Funds
 Partnership Action Plan  Some 25 projects since establishment in 2000
on Defence Institution
Building
 Education and Training
for Defence Reform

25
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
Partnership for Peace:

 Practical cooperation
 Help reform and restructure defence institutions to
 Individual Partnership meet domestic and international needs
Programmes  Define common objectives
 Individual Partnership
Action Plans
 Exchange information
 Planning and Review  Help tailor bilateral defence assistance programmes
Process
 Partnership Action Plan
Against Terrorism
 Partnership for Peace
 Objectives include
Trust Funds  Democratic control of defence activities
 Partnership Action Plan
on Defence Institution
 Civilian participation in developing security policy
Building  Transparency and accountability
 Education and Training
for Defence Reform

26
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
Partnership for Peace:

 Practical cooperation
 Aims to help interested Partner countries
 Individual Partnership
Programmes implement the Partnership Action Plan for Defence
 Individual Partnership Institution Building
Action Plans
 Planning and Review
Process
 Partnership Action Plan  A network of educational institutions developed in
Against Terrorism
 Partnership for Peace
NATO and Partner countries to support this effort
Trust Funds
 Partnership Action Plan
on Defence Institution
Building
 Education and Training
for Defence Reform

27
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships

 Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
 NATO-Russia Council
 Partnership for Peace
 NATO-Russia - Established by Rome Declaration (2002)
 NATO-Ukraine
- Builds on “Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation
 NATO-Georgia and Security between NATO and the Russian
 Mediterranean Federation” (1997)
Dialogue
 Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative  Practical cooperation
 Other international
organizations
 Partners across the
globe

28
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
NATO-Russia relations:

 Rome Declaration  Rome Declaration (2002) on “NATO-Russia

 Founding Act relations: a new quality”
 Practical cooperation
 New impetus and substance to relations

 Establishes the NATO-Russia Council (NRC)

- 29 NRC members: equal partners

- NRC replaces previous NATO-Russia Permanent Joint

Council

29
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
NATO-Russia relations:

 Rome Declaration  The Founding Act on Mutual Relations,

 Founding Act Cooperation and Security between NATO and the
 Practical cooperation Russian Federation (1997)

 “ NATO and Russia do not consider each other as

adversaries ”

 Wide agenda of topics for cooperation

 Establishes the NATO-Russia Permanent Joint Council

(replaced by NATO-Russia Council 2002)

30
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
NATO-Russia relations:

 Rome Declaration Cooperation on

 Founding Act  Terrorism and new threats and challenges
 Practical cooperation
 Crisis management
 Afghan counter-narcotics training
 Non-proliferation
 Arms control and confidence-building measures
 Theatre missile defence
 Military-to-military cooperation and defence reform
 Civil emergencies

31
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships

 Euro-Atlantic  NATO-Ukraine Commission (NUC)

Partnership Council
 Partnership for Peace
 NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the
 NATO-Russia North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Ukraine (1997)

 NATO-Ukraine
 NATO-Georgia  Practical cooperation in a wide range of areas under Annual
National Programme
 Mediterranean
Dialogue
 Istanbul Cooperation  Key priorities:
Initiative
- defence and security reform
 Other international
organizations - support for NATO-led crisis management operations

 Partners across the

globe

32
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
NATO-Georgia relations:

 Discusses security issues of common interest

 NUC
 Charter
 Directs practical cooperation

 Adopts Annual National Programme (ANP)

 Established by the NATO-Ukraine Charter (1997)

33
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
NATO-Georgia relations:

 NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership

 NUC
between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
 Charter
and Ukraine (1997)

 Reaffirms NATO support for Ukrainian

 sovereignty
 independence
 territorial integrity
 democratic development
 economic prosperity
 status as a non-nuclear weapons state

34
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships

 Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
 NATO-Georgia Commission
 Partnership for Peace
 NATO-Russia
- Serves as forum for political consultations
 NATO-Ukraine
 NATO-Georgia - Directs practical cooperation under Annual
 Mediterranean
National Programme
Dialogue
- Underpins Georgia’s reform efforts to help
 Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative country achieve its aspirations for
 Other international
membership in NATO
organizations
- Established in September 2008
 Partners across the
globe

35
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships

 Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
 Initiated in 1994 – currently 7 participants
 Partnership for Peace
Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia
 NATO-Russia
 NATO-Ukraine
 NATO-Georgia
 Mediterranean Cooperation Group
 Mediterranean
Dialogue
 Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative
 Annual work programmes
 Other international
organizations
 Partners across the
globe

36
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships

 Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
 Initiated in 2004 – currently 4 participants
 Partnership for Peace
Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates
 NATO-Russia
 NATO-Ukraine
 NATO-Georgia
 Istanbul Cooperation Initiative Group
 Mediterranean
Dialogue
 Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative
 Annual work programmes
 Other international
organizations
 Partners across the
globe

37
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships

 Euro-Atlantic
partnership council
 United Nations
 Partnership for Peace
 NATO-Russia  European Union
 NATO-Ukraine
 Organization for Security and Co-operation in
 NATO-Georgia
Europe
 Mediterranean
Dialogue  Council of Europe
 Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative  African Union
 Other international
organizations  Non-governmental organizations
 Partners across the
globe

38
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
Other international
organizations:
 Active cooperation on maintaining international peace
and security since early 1990s
 NATO-UN Relations
 NATO-UN Declaration (September 2008)

framework for expanded consultation and cooperation between the

two organizations

 Consultation and cooperation in wide range of areas

crisis management, civil-military cooperation, mine action, civil

emergency planning, arms control and non-proliferation, terrorism and
new security challenges, combating human trafficking and promoting
the role of women in peace and security

39
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships
Xtra
Other international
organizations:

 NATO-EU relations
 1994: European Security and Defence Identity

 1994: Combined Joint Task Force concept

 2001: Beginning institutionalized relations

 2003: Berlin Plus Package

 Basis for practical cooperation in crisis management

40
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Forges partnerships

 Bilateral relations with partners across the globe that

 Euro-Atlantic are not part of formal partnership structures
partnership council
 Partnership for Peace
 Different degrees of cooperation:
 NATO-Russia
 NATO-Ukraine - Sharing common values and strategic concerns, deepening relations
with NATO and cooperating in areas of common concern
 NATO-Georgia (e.g. Australia, Japan, New Zealand and the Republic of Korea)

 Mediterranean
Dialogue - Developing consultation and cooperation in specific areas
(e.g. Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq)
 Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative - Developing a dialogue with NATO and being informed of its agenda
(e.g. China and India)
 Other international
organizations
 Partners across the
globe

41
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management operations

Helps to create a
stable environment
 Crisis management operations and missions
Welcomes new  Afghanistan
members  Kosovo
 Libya
Forges partnerships
 The Mediterranean
 Gulf of Aden
Leads crisis
management  Iraq
operations  Support to African Union
 Previous Balkan operations
Combats existing and
emerging threats  Civil emergency planning
 Refugee crises, forest fires, floods, earthquakes (Pakistan 2005)
Develops military
capabilities

42
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management and operations

Xtra
Leads crisis management
operations and missions
 International Security Assistance Force
ISAF – NATO-led since Aug. 2003
 NATO in Afghanistan Establish secure environment in Kabul and
 NATO in Kosovo provinces under UN mandate
 NATO and Libya
 The Mediterranean
 Gulf of Aden  Provincial Reconstruction Teams
 NATO and Iraq PRTs
 NATO and Africa Help reconstruction work in provinces – provide
 Previous Balkan security for aid workers
operations
 Transition phase
Afghans to take lead for their own security
Estimated time-line 2011-2014

43
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management and operations

Xtra
Leads crisis management
operations and missions
 NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force
KFOR – June 1999
 NATO in Afghanistan
NATO adjusts force posture to a deterrent presence -
 NATO in Kosovo
2009
 NATO and Libya
 The Mediterranean
UN Security Council Resolution 1244
 Gulf of Aden
 NATO and Iraq
June 1999
 NATO and Africa
 Previous Balkan
operations  NATO air campaign against Serb forces
Operation Allied Force
24 March – 10 June 1999

44
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management and operations

Xtra
Leads crisis management
operations and missions

 NATO in Afghanistan
 NATO in Kosovo  Implementation of all aspects of UNSCR 1973
 NATO and Libya (March 2011) including enforcement of a no-fly
 The Mediterranean zone, protection of civilians and civilian-populated
 Gulf of Aden areas under threat of attack
 NATO and Iraq
 NATO and Africa
 Previous Balkan  Implementation of UNSCR 1970 (March 2011)
operations instituting, inter alia, an arms embargo

45
 +n
Woma
+ Nort ntic c | Ireaty OraOrga
0 h Atlaanti zatition
aniniza

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management and operations

Xtra
Leads crisis management
operations and missions

 NATO in Afghanistan Operation Active Endeavour

 NATO in Kosovo
 Article 5 operation launched October 2001 in
 NATO and Libya
Mediterranean to help detect, deter and protect
 The Mediterranean
against terrorist activity
 Gulf of Aden
 NATO and Iraq  Since March 2004, extended to whole of
 NATO and Africa Mediterranean
 Previous Balkan
operations  January 2010: shift from a platform-based to a
network-based operation

46
 +n
Woma
+ Nort ntic c | Ireaty OraOrga
0 h Atlaanti zatition
aniniza

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management and operations

Xtra
Leads crisis management
operations and missions

 NATO in Afghanistan  Counter-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden and

 NATO in Kosovo off the horn of Africa
 NATO and Libya
 The Mediterranean
 Gulf of Aden
 NATO and Iraq
 Support humanitarian efforts
 NATO and Africa
 Previous Balkan
operations
 Protect vital sea lines of communication and
economic interests

47
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management and operations

Xtra
Leads crisis management
operations and missions

NATO Training Mission Iraq (NTM-I) - 2004

 NATO in Afghanistan
 NATO in Kosovo  Trains personnel from Iraqi security forces
 NATO and Libya
 The Mediterranean
 Coordinates offers of equipment and training from
 Gulf of Aden individual NATO and Partner countries
 NATO and Iraq
 NATO and Africa
 Niche training options developed
 Previous Balkan
operations

48
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management and operations

Xtra
Leads crisis management
operations and missions
 Logistical & planning support provided to AU
 NATO in Afghanistan
Mission in Somalia
 NATO in Kosovo
 NATO and Libya
 The Mediterranean  NATO support to African Standby Force (ASF)
 Gulf of Aden brigades – September 2007
 NATO and Iraq
 NATO and Africa
 Previous Balkan
operations  Logistical support provided to African Union
Mission in Sudan – June 2005 to December 2007
Assistance offered to follow-on UN-AU hybrid mission in
Sudan

49
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management and operations

Xtra
Leads crisis management
operations and missions

 NATO in Afghanistan  Bosnia and Herzegovina

 NATO in Kosovo  NATO-led implementation force
 NATO and Libya IFOR (1995) – UNSCR 1031
 The Mediterranean  NATO-led stabilisation force
 Gulf of Aden SFOR (1996 – 2004) – UNSCR +R 1088
1088
 NATO and Iraq
 Succeeded by EU-led Operation Althea
 NATO and Africa
December 2004
 Previous Balkan
operations
 3 short-term military operations in the former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia* (2001-2003)

* Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name

50
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management operations

Helps to create a
stable environment
Types of crisis management operations
Welcomes new
members

Forges partnerships
 Article 5
Operation Active Endeavour

Leads crisis  Non-Article 5

management NATO operations in Afghanistan
operations
 Assistance to Partners
Combats existing and e.g., the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia *
emerging threats

Develops military
capabilities * Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name

previous

51
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management operations

Helps to create a
stable environment
Civil Emergency Planning
Welcomes new
members

Forges partnerships 1. Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Center –

NATO HQ
Leads crisis
management
operations 2. Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Unit
A deployable unit
Combats existing and
emerging threats

Develops military
capabilities
previous

52
 >
_ +AN
OT Nort ntic c | treaty OraOrga
0 h Atlaanti zatition
aniniza

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management and operations

Xtra
Civil Emergency Planning

 Euro-Atlantic Disaster
 Role
Response Coordination  Coordinate responses to disasters, in consultation with
Centre
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
 Euro-Atlantic Disaster
Response Unit  Focal point for information sharing
 Maintain liaison with UN-OCHA, EU and other
organizations

 Origins
Established in 1998 on initiative of Russia

53
 B
> OAN
OT Nort ntic c Iı Ireaty OraOrga
0 h Atlaanti zatition
aniniza

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Leads crisis management and operations

Xtra
Civil Emergency Planning

 Non-standing, multinational mix of national civil

 Euro-Atlantic Disaster
Response Coordination and military elements volunteered by members
Centre and partners
 Euro-Atlantic Disaster
Response Unit

 Deployed for major natural or technological

disaster

 Size and composition determined by each

particular disaster
previous

54
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Combats existing and emerging threats

Helps to create a
stable environment

Welcomes new
members  Missile defence

Forges partnerships
 Terrorism
 Spread of weapons of mass destruction
Leads crisis  Cyber defence
management
operations  Energy security

Combats existing and

emerging threats

Develops military
capabilities

55
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Combats existing and emerging threats

Xtra
Combats existing and
emerging threats

 Missile defence
 Alliance Theatre Missile Defence (TMD) system to
 Terrorism protect troops
 Weapons of Mass
Destruction Initiative  Missile defence for protection of NATO territory &
(1999) populations in Europe
Cyber defence

 Missile defence cooperation with Russia

56
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Combats existing and emerging threats

Xtra
Combats existing and
emerging threats

 Missile defence  Operation Active Endeavour (2001)

 Terrorism
 International Security Assistance Force (2003)
 Weapons of Mass
Destruction Initiative
(1999)
 Terrorist threat Intelligence Unit (2005)
 Cyber defence  AWACS Surveillance missions
 Increased cooperation with partners and international
organizations
 Adapted military capabilities (e.g. Programme of Work for
Defence Against Terrorism)
 Science for Peace and Security Programme

57
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Combats existing and emerging threats

Xtra
Combats existing and
emerging threats

 Missile defence  Weapons of Mass Destruction Initiative (1999) aims to

 Terrorism
 Weapons of Mass
Destruction Initiative  Increase debate and understanding of WMD issues
(1999)  Improve intelligence and information sharing
 Cyber defence  Increase awareness of proliferation issues
 Enhance military readiness to counter WMD threats
 Exchange information on national programmes for bilateral WMD
destruction and assistance
 Enhance possibilities for Allies to assist one another in the
protection of civil populations

 Leads to creation of WMD Centre, 2000

58
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Combats existing and emerging threats

Xtra
Combats existing and
emerging threats

 Missile defence 2008 Cyber defence policy

 Terrorism - coordinating & advising on cyber defence
 Weapons of Mass
Destruction Initiative
(1999)
Principal activities:
 Cyber defence
- assisting individual Allies
- research & training: Centre of Excellence, Tallinn,
Estonia
- cooperation with partners

59
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Develops military capabilities

Helps to create a
stable environment
 Smaller, more flexible and mobile forces
Welcomes new
members  Lisbon Capabilities Package (2010)

Forges partnerships
 NATO Response Force (NRF)
 Reforming the military command structure
Leads crisis  Reforming the defence planning process
management
operations  Alliance Ground Surveillance planning process
 Missile defence
Combats existing and
emerging threats

Develops military
capabilities

60
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Develops military capabilities

 Lisbon Capabilities
Package 2010 Lisbon Capabilities Package (2010)
 NATO Response Force
(NRF)
 Military command  Meet current priority shortfalls for operations
structure
 Deal with evolving & emerging threats
 Reform of the defence
planning process
 Critical long-term enabling capabilities for
 Alliance Ground operations (counter-IEDs, strategic airlift, …)
Surveillance (AGS)
 Missile defence

61
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Develops military capabilities

 Lisbon Capabilities
Package (2010)  Multinational joint force held at high readiness
 NATO Response
NATO ResponseForce
Force
(NRF)
(NRF)
 Deployable after five days’ notice and sustainable for 30
 Military command days and more if re-supplied
structure
 Reform of the defence
planning process
 Article 5 and non-article 5 missions
 Alliance Ground
Surveillance (AGS)
 Missile defence

62
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Develops military capabilities

 Lisbon Capabilities
Package 2010 June 2011 reform
 NATO Response Force
(NRF)
 Alliance level of ambition and strong command and
 Military command
structure – Reform control capability maintained
 Reform of the defence
planning process  Two strategic commands maintained
 Alliance Ground
Surveillance (AGS)  Structures made more flexible, deployable and adapted
 Missile defence to 2010 Strategic Concept priorities

63
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Develops military capabilities

 Lisbon Capabilities
Package 2010  Defence planning process:
an instrument to ensure that members generate the
 NATO Response Force necessary capabilities to fulfil NATO missions
(NRF)
 Military command  Aim:
structure – Reform
- to be more flexible, responsive and coordinated
 Reform of the defence
planning process
- to seek greater harmonization and integration of
 Alliance Ground national defence planning activities
Surveillance (AGS)
 Missile defence

64
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Develops military capabilities

 Lisbon Capabilities
Package 2010  Airborne, stand-off ground surveillance system

 NATO Response Force  Detect and track vehicles moving on or near the
(NRF)
ground
 Military command
structure – Reform  Multinational cooperative effort – 15 participating
 Reform of the defence countries
planning process
 Alliance Ground  Alliance Ground Surveillance Agency - 2009
Surveillance (AGS)
 Missile defence

65
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Develops military capabilities

 Lisbon Capabilities
Package 2010  Alliance Theatre Missile Defence (TMD) system to
protect troops
 NATO Response Force
(NRF)
 Missile defence for protection of NATO territory &
 Military command populations in Europe
structure – Reform
 Reform of the defence  Missile defence cooperation with Russia
planning process
 Alliance Ground
Surveillance (AGS)
 Missile defence

66
 What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

How does NATO work?

1. Consensus decision-making
2. Civil and military structure
3. Delegations
4. Main bodies
5. NATO Secretary General
6. International Staff
7. International Military Staff
=.

8. Military command structure

9. Agencies
rez, tuh
10. Paying for NATO
Er
argucte
2 ind

67
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Consensus decision-making
Consensus decision-
making

Civil and military structure

Delegations nmental
An inter-governmental
organization where
Main bodies
decisions are taken jointly
NATO Secretary General by each member country

International Staff

International Military Staff Principle of consensus

applied at every
Military command structure committee level
Agencies

Paying for NATO

68
 What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Civil and military structure

Consensus decision- National Authorities
making
Permanent Representatives Military Representatives
Civil and military structure (Ambassadors to NATO) to NATO

Delegations
North Atlantic Nuclear Planning
Main bodies Council (NAC) Group (NPG)

NATO Secretary General Military Committee

(MC)
International Staff
International Military Staff
International Military Staff Committees
subordinate to the Secretary General Strategic Commands
Council and NPG
Military command structure
International Staff

Agencies Allied Command Allied Command

Operations Transformation
Paying for NATO

69
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Delegations
Consensus decision-
making

Civil and military structure  A national delegation per member country at

Delegations
NATO HQ, Brussels

Main bodies

NATO Secretary General

 Status of an Embassy
International Staff

International Military Staff

 Headed by an Ambassador or
Military command structure Permanent Representative
Agencies

Paying for NATO

70
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Main bodies
Consensus decision-
making

Civil and military structure  North Atlantic Council

Delegations

Main bodies  Nuclear Planning Group

NATO Secretary General

International Staff  Military Committee

International Military Staff

Military command structure

Agencies

Paying for NATO

71
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Main bodies

 North Atlantic Council

 Nuclear Planning  Key political decision-making body
Group
 Military Committee  Forum to discuss policy and operational questions

 Chaired by Secretary General

 Meets at different levels

 Established by Article 9 of Washington Treaty

 Authority to set up subsidiary bodies

72
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Main bodies

 North Atlantic Council

 Nuclear Planning  Ultimate authority with regard to nuclear policy
Group
issues
 Military Committee
 Reviews the Alliance’s nuclear policy in the light of
changing security environment

 All members except for France

 Chaired by NATO Secretary General

 Meets at different levels

73
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Main bodies

 North Atlantic Council

 Nuclear Planning  Senior military advisory authority
Council
 Military Committee  Under authority of NAC and NPG

 Provides guidance to two strategic commanders

 Meets at different levels

 Chairman selected by Chiefs of Staff for
three-year term

74
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

NATO Secretary General

Consensus decision-
making

Civil and military structure  Chairman of NATO’s senior committees and

decision facilitator
Delegations

Main bodies

NATO Secretary General  Spokesperson

International Staff

International Military Staff

 Head of International Staff
Military command structure

Agencies

Paying for NATO

75
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

International Staff
Consensus decision-
making

Civil and military structure  Advisory and administrative body

Delegations

Main bodies
 Supports work of Delegations
NATO Secretary General

International Staff

International Military Staff  Divided into divisions

Military command structure

Agencies
 Staffed by nationals from member countries
Paying for NATO

76
 What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

International Staff
Consensus decision- Secretary
making General
Senior Resource Civil and Military International Board
Board Budget Committees Deputy Secretary of Auditors
Civil and military structure General

Delegations
NATO Office of
Main bodies Security
Executive
Management
NATO Secretary General
Division

International Staff
Office of
International Military Staff the Financial
Office of Resources Controller
Military command structure

Agencies
Emerging Political Affairs
Security and Defence Policy Public Defence
Operations
Paying for NATO Challenges Security Policy and Planning Diplomacy Investment
Division
Division Division Division Division Division

previous

77
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

International Military Staff

Consensus decision-
making

Civil and military structure  Advisory and administrative body

Delegations

Main bodies
 Supports work of Military committee
NATO Secretary General

International Staff

International Military Staff  Divided into divisions

Military command structure

Agencies
 Staffed by nationals from member countries
Paying for NATO

78
 What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

International Military Staff

Consensus decision-
making

Civil and military structure Financial Controller

Public Information
Delegations Advisor
Director (DIMS)

Main bodies Legal Officer

Executive
Coordinator
NATO Secretary General Personnel
Support Activities
International Staff

International Military Staff

SITCEN
Military command structure

Agencies
Cooperation Logistics
Plans
Paying for NATO Intelligence Operations & Regional Armaments &
& Policy NHQC3S*
Division Division Security Resources
Division
Division Division
previous * The NATO HQ Consultation, Command & Control (C3) Staff

79
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Military command structure

Consensus decision-
making

Civil and military structure  Allied Command Operations (ACO)

NATO operations
Delegations

Main bodies

NATO Secretary General  Allied Command Transformation (ACT)

Alliance transformation
International Staff

International Military Staff

Military command structure 2011 reform being implemented

Agencies over a one-year period
Paying for NATO

80
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Military Command Structure

Consensus decision-
making

International Military Staff*

Civil and military structure NATO Headquarters
Brussels, Belgium

Delegations

Main bodies
Q
NATO Secretary General ACT “= Commander
Norfolk, Virginia, USA Dual-hatted USEUCOM

International Staff

International Military Staff JFC HQ Brunssum i) Joint HO Lisbon JFC HO Naples

The Netherlands Portugal Italy

Military command structure

CC-Air HQ N CC-Mar HQ 5 CC-Land HQ CC-Air HO CC-MarHQ € CC-Land HQ
Northwood Heidelberg Izmir Naples
Agencies Ramstein
Germany United Kingdom Germany Turkey italy
Madrid
Spain

Paying for NATO

previous

81
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Military Command Structure

Consensus decision-
making International Military Staff* Y
NATO Headquarters
Brussels, Belgium

Civil and military structure NATO

Defense College
Rome, Italy

Delegations €
ACO
SHAPE
Mons, Belgium
Main bodies

Future Capabilities
NATO Secretary General ACT Joint Concept
Research and
Education and
Forward Development Training
oe Technology

International Staff Joint Warfare Centre

Ÿ NATO School £3
SACT Representative
Oberammergau,
in Europe Stavanger, Norway
Germany
NATO Headquarters
Brussels, Belgium
International Military Staff
NATO ‘
Joint Force
ACT Staff Element Communications"
Training Centre & Information
Mons, Belgium
Bydgoszcz, Poland Systems School
Military command structure Latina, Italy

Joint Analysis NATO Maritime

and Lessons ™ Interdiction
Agencies Learned Centre
Monsanto, Portugal
Operational Training
Centre
Souda Bay, Greece

Paying for NATO Coordination with ACT required

* The Internstional Mittary Statt suppo ts the Mittsry Committee, «tich provides military advice to and answers to te North Asante

previous

82
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Agencies
Consensus decision-
making

Civil and military structure  Production and logistics

Delegations  Standardization
Main bodies
 Communications
NATO Secretary General
 Research
International Staff

International Military Staff  Other agencies and organizations

Military command structure  Project offices
Agencies

Paying for NATO

Reform ongoing

83
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Paying for NATO

Consensus decision-
making

Civil and military structure  Indirect contributions

Delegations

Main bodies
 Direct contributions - principle of common funding
NATO Secretary General  Civil budget
International Staff  Military budget
 NATO’s Security Investment Programme
International Military Staff

Military command structure

Agencies

Paying for NATO

84
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Paying for NATO

 Civil budget
 Military budget  Operating costs of the International Staff
 NATO’s Security
Investments  Civilian programmes
Programme
 Running costs of HQ facilities
 Conference services
 Meetings of NATO committees
 Security services

85
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Paying for NATO

 Civil budget
 Military budget  Operating and maintenance costs of the
 NATO’s Security international military structure
Investments  Military Committee
Programme
 International Military Staff
 Agencies
 Two strategic commands and associated command,
control and information systems
 Research and development agencies
 NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Force
 Operating costs of NATO peacekeeping command
structures

86
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

Paying for NATO

 Civil budget
 Military budget  Major construction and system Investments that
 NATO’s Security exceed national defence requirements of individual
Investments member countries
Programme
 Communications and information systems
 Radar
 Military HQ
 Airfields
 Fuel pipelines and storage
 Harbours

87