Mass Timber Design and Construction Guide
Mass Timber Design and Construction Guide
Presented by
Momo Sun, WoodWorks
Image: Nanotronics Smart Factory / Rogers Partners / Silman / Photo Albert Vecerka
P R E S E N TAT I O N O U T L I N E
Typical Depths
» Based on number of lams: 6” to 60”+
» Western species lams: Typically 1-1/2” thick
depth
» Southern pine lams: Typically 1-3/8” thick
Typical Species
» Douglas-Fir, Southern Pine, Spruce
width
» Also available in Cedar & others
Image: APA Glulam Product Guide
Glulam Specs
» Preservative treated (PT)
readily available
» Fire retardant treated (FRT)
may be available
» Can be cambered, curved,
tapered
» Various Appearance Grades
Photo: StructureCraft
Nail Laminated Timber (NLT) Panels
What is it?
» Mechanically laminated to create
solid timber panel
» Dimension lumber on edge
» Nominal 2x, 3x, or 4x thickness
» 4 in. to 12 in. width
» Laminations fastened with nails
Photo: StructureCraft
Dowel-Laminated Timber (DLT)
Photo: StructureCraft
Mass timber products
Dowel Laminated Timber (DLT) Panels
Dowel-laminated timber (DLT) panels
What is it?
» Similar to NLT
» Dowels instead of Nails connecting lams
» Lams usually finger jointed
» Common in Europe
» Not recognized in IBC
Credit: StructureCraft
Dowel Laminated Timber Profile Options
Image source:
Manasc Isaac
Architects /
Fast + Epp
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)
What is it?
» Solid wood panel
» Solid sawn lams
» 3+ layers
» 90° cross-lams
4 1/8” - 19 1/2”+
40’ – 60’+
8’ - 10’+
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Common Layups
3-ply 3-layer
7-ply 5-layer
5-ply 5-layer
9-ply 7-layer
7-ply 7-layer
9-ply 9-layer
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)
Photo Credit:
Sissi Slotover-Smutny
O VERVIEW | MANUFACTURING
Other Mass Timber Product Options
Decking
Photos: StructureCraft
Current State of Mass Timber Projects Over Time
US Market Year-End 2024
OVERVIEW | STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS
S T R U C T U R A L S O L U T I O N S | P O S T, B E A M + P L AT E
OVERVIEW | STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS
S T R U C T U R AL S O L U T I O N S | P O S T + P L AT E
Photo: Lendlease
Photo: John Stamets Photo: Josh Partee Photo: Christian Columbres Photo: Blaine Brownell
OVERVIEW | CONNECTIONS
Photo: Structurlam
OVERVIEW | CONNECTIONS
Panel to Panel & Supports Photo: Charles Judd Photo: Marcus Kauffman
Timber House
Brooklyn, NY
MESH architectures
Silman
Photo: Travis Mark
Timber House
Brooklyn, NY
MESH architectures
Silman
Photo: Travis Mark
512,000 SF
297 Apartments, Mixed-Use
Photo: Harbor Bay Real Estate Advisors, Purple Film | Architect: Hartshorne Plunkard Architecture
INTRO, CLEVELAND 9 Stories | 115 ft
8 Timber Over 1 Podium
Type IV-B
Variance to expose ~50% ceilings
Photo: Harbor Bay Real Estate Advisors, Image Fiction | Architect: Hartshorne Plunkard Architecture
ASCENT, MILWAUKEE
493,000 SF
Photo: Korb & Associates Architects |
Architect: Korb & Associates Architects
259 APARTMENTS, MIXED-USE
ASCENT, MILWAUKEE
Tallest Mass Timber Building in the World
25 STORIES
19 TIMBER OVER 6 PODIUM, 284 FT
Photo: CD Smith Construction |
Architect: Korb & Associates Architects
80 M ST, WASHINGTON, DC
100,000 SF
2 NEW LEVELS OF CLASS A OFFICE SPACE
OCCUPIED PENTHOUSE
17’-0” CEILING HEIGHTS Photo: Hickok Cole | Architect: Hickok Cole
11 E LENOX, BOSTON, MA 7 STORIES
70 FT
Passive House
Multi-Family
Image: DeStafano & Chamberlain, Inc, Robert Benson Photography Image: StructureCraft Builders
Construction Types
All wood-framed building options:
Type III
Exterior walls non-combustible (may be FRTW)
Interior elements any allowed by code, including mass timber
Type V
All building elements are any allowed by code, including mass timber
Types III and V are subdivided to A (protected) and B (unprotected)
Type IV (Heavy Timber)
Exterior walls non-combustible (may be FRTW OR CLT)
Interior elements qualify as Heavy Timber (min. sizes, no concealed spaces
except in 2021 IBC)
B U I L D I N G C O D E A P P L I C AT I O N S | C O N S T R U C T I O N T Y P E
Beams 6 x 10 5 x 10½ 5¼ x 9½
Columns 6x8 5 x 8¼ 5¼ x 7½
Roof
Credit: IBC
Construction Types
Type IV concealed space options within 2021 IBC
Construction Types
Type IV concealed space options within 2021 IBC
Construction Types
Type IV concealed space options within 2021 IBC
Construction Types
Concealed spaces solutions paper
[Link]
Concealed_Spaces_Timber_Structures.pdf
Construction Types
Where does the code allow MT to be used?
Type V: All interior elements, roofs & exterior walls
Type V: 4 stories
Building Element I-A I-B III-A III-B IV-A IV-B IV-C IV-HT V-A V-B
Primary Structural Frame 3* 2* 1 0 3* 2 2 HT 1 0
Ext. Bearing Walls 3* 2* 2 2 3* 2 2 2 1 0
Int. Bearing Walls 3* 2* 1 0 3* 2 2 1/HT 1 0
Floor Construction 2 2* 1 0 2 2 2 HT 1 0
Roof Construction 1.5* 1* 1 0 1.5 1 1 HT 1 0
Exposed Mass Timber
Elements None 20-40% Most All
Baseline +$10/SF +$12-15/SF
0hr & HT 1hr & maybe 2hr 2hr FRR
*These values can be reduced based on certain conditions in IBC 403.2.1, which do not apply to Type IV buildings.
Cost Impacts of Construction Type
Construction Type Early Decision Example
Cost considerations: One additional beam (one additional erection pick), 2 more connections
Cost Implication of Design Choices
Panel volume usually 65-80% of MT package volume
5.5”
0”
Baseline $ +5%
12’-6” Glulam Spacing 15’ Glulam Spacing
5.5” CLT 7” CLT
Source: Seattle Mass Timber Tower Book
Value Analysis
+ ℎ
=
+ ℎ
=
Cost Impacts of Finish/ Appearance Grade
Appearance vs. Industrial Grades
Aesthetic Expectations
• Appearance grade more $
• Industrial grade can save $
• Specification of appearance grade varies
by product
• CLT, DLT, NLT: aesthetic expectations
are agreed upon by building designer
and manufacturer/ fabricator (ask for
samples & outline in specs)
• Glulam: grades are standardized
MASS TIMBER CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Environmental Workforce
Planning Exposure Training
• Anatomy of a Mass Timber
Package • Site Planning • Strategic Partnerships
• Procurement, Supply Chain, • Moisture Planning and Mitigation • Training/Education
Schedule Drivers • UV Planning and Mitigation • Resources
Holistic Costing
Project Overhead 7%
15%
Labor
Material
Equipment 14%
64%
Source: Swinerton
Material (Direct Cost)
7%
15%
14%
or
64%
Source: Swinerton
Mass Timber Package Costs
Project Overhead 7%
15%
Labor
Material
Equipment 14%
64%
7%
15%
14%
64%
Photo: Swinerton
Source: Swinerton
Equipment (Direct Cost)
7%
15%
14%
64%
Photo: Swinerton
Source: Swinerton
Project Overhead
7% 15%
64%
Photos: Swinerton
Source: Swinerton
Total Project Cost Analysis
CONSIDERATIONS:
• Ceiling Treatment
• Floor Topping
• HVAC System & Route
• Foundation Size
• Material Savings
• Perimeter glazing
• Value of Time
• Completion Bonds/Insurance
Photo: Swinerton
Understand Manufacturer’s Capabilities
Credit: TimberLab
Credit: Tanya Luthi, Entuitive
Photo: Swinerton
Tolerances: Interface with Other Structural Materials
Photos: Swinerton
Schedule Drivers
Photo: Swinerton
Procurement Approach Determines Schedule
Source: WoodWorks
Procurement Logic for Scheduling
Mass Timber
Installation
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Source: Swinerton
Photo: WoodWorks
Image: Swinerton
Schedule Impacts: Hybrid Structures
Photos: Swinerton
Look At Schedule Holistically
5 Months
Source: Swinerton
Early Move-In for Rough-In Trades.
Photos: Swinerton
Schedule Impact on Cost | Value of Time
Source: Swinerton
Photo: Alex Schreyer
Embracing BIM for Fabrication
Photos: Swinerton
MEP Layout & Integration
MEP Layout & Integration
Smaller grid bays at central core (more head height)
• Main MEP trunk lines around core, smaller branches in exterior bays
• Plan Early
• Risk Evaluation
• Develop Construction
• Phase Plan
• Execute the Design and
Moisture Management
Plan
• Monitor
RDH Moisture
Management Guide 1st Ed
BB0
Onsite Considerations
Other Materials
BB0
Workforce Development
Training is the key to efficiency
Training takes time and money
MASS TIMBER CONSTRUCTION 8- & 16-HOUR INSTALLER COMMUNITY COLLEGE VIRTUAL AND/OR IN-PERSON
MANUAL TRAINING PACKAGE AND AND UNIVERSITY CM WORKSHOPS
TRAINING CENTERS PROGRAMS
Regional Director | NY
(857) 242-8975
[Link]@[Link]