McCormac [Link] V2 - January 9, 2013 9:09 P.M.

Page 217

Problems 217

Development Length, Tension

f'c = 4000 psi
fy = 60,000 psi
fyt = 60,000 psi
b= 18 in.* d
27 in.*
h
d=
h= 30 in.* As
As = 3.14 in.2*
Atr = 0.22 in.2*
db = 1 in. b
n= 4 *
s= 8 in.*
ψt = 1.00
ψe = 1.00 *Cells indicate that this information is optional.
ψs = 1.00 Mu, b, d, h, and As are needed only to calculate.
λ= 0.75 As required, Atr , n, and s are needed only if the Ktr term is
cb = 2.00 in. to be used. All terms with * can be omitted, and
Mu = 358.40 ft-k* a conservative value of ld will result.
ψt ψe = 1
Ktr = 0.275
(cb + Ktr)⎢db = 2.28

3 fy ψt ψe ψs
ld = db = 41.7 diameters
40 λ f'c ⎡ cb + Ktr ⎤ 41.7 in. (not adjusted for As ⎢As provided)
⎢ ⎥
⎣ db ⎦
As required = 3.12736 in.2
As required ⎢As provided = 0.995975 ld = 41.5 in. (adjusted for As ⎢As provided)

but not less than 12 in.

Printout of Example 7.11 results.

SOLUTION

Input the values of the cells highlighted in yellow (only in the Excel spreadsheets, not the printed
example). Some cells are optional (see note marked with * in the printout for Example 7.11 shown
above). Pass the cursor over cells for comments explaining what is to be input. Note that two
answers are given, one with the As required/As provided reduction and one without. In this example,
there is little difference because this ratio is nearly 1.0.

PROBLEMS
Problem 7.1 Why is it difficult to calculate actual bond Problem 7.3 Why do the cover of bars and the spacing of
stresses? those bars affect required development lengths?
Problem 7.2 What are top bars? Why are the required Problem 7.4 Why isn’t the anchorage capacity of a standard
development lengths greater than they would be if they were not hook increased by extending the bar well beyond the end of the
top bars? hook?
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218 CHAPTER 7 Bond, Development Lengths, and Splices

Problem 7.5 For the cantilever beam shown, determine the point where two bars theoretically can be cut off from the standpoint
of the calculated moment strength, φMn , of the beam. fy = 60,000 psi and f c = 3000 psi. (Ans. 9.96 ft from free end)

16 in.
3 @ 3 in. = 9 in.
1
1
3 2 in. 3 2 in.
3 in.
#3 4 #9
stirrups

wu = 5 k/ft
32 in.
29 in.

12 ft

For Problems 7.6 to 7.9, determine the development lengths Problem 7.8 Epoxy-coated bars in lightweight concrete,
required for the tension bar situations described using ACI As required = 2.76 in.2 .
Equation 12-1 and: (a) assuming Ktr = 0, and (b) the calculated
value of Ktr .

Problem 7.6 Uncoated bars in normal-weight concrete. fy = 60,000 psi

As required = 3.44 in.2 . #3 stirrups 24 in.
f'c = 3000 psi
@ 7 in. o.c.
3 #9

fy = 60,000 psi 3 in.

30 in.
#3 stirrups f 'c = 4000 psi 3 in. 3 in. 3 in. 3 in.
@ 8 in. o.c.
3 #10
Problem 7.9 Uncoated top bars in normal-weight concrete.
3 in. As required = 3.68 in.2 . (Ans. 59 in., 50 in.)

3 in. 4 in. 4 in. 3 in. 3 in. 3 @ 3 in. = 9 in. 3 in.

3 in.
Problem 7.7 Uncoated bars in normal-weight concrete.
#3 stirrups 4 #9
As required = 4.25 in.2 . (Ans. 43 in., 27 in.) @ 8 in. o.c. fy = 60,000 psi
f'c = 6000 psi
27 in.

26 in. fy = 60,000 psi

#4 stirrups f 'c = 4000 psi
@ 6 in. o.c. 6 #8

Problem 7.10 Repeat Problem 7.6 if the bars are epoxy

3 in. coated.
3 in. Problem 7.11 Repeat Problem 7.7 if all-lightweight concrete
3 in. 3 in. 3 in. 3 in. with fc = 3000 psi and epoxy-coated bars are used. (Ans.
98.8 in., 62.1 in.)
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Problems 219

Problem 7.12 Repeat Problem 7.8 if three uncoated #6 bars Problem 7.16 Set up a table for required development lengths
are used and As required = 1.20 in.2 . for the beam shown, using fy = 60,000 psi and f c values of
3000 psi, 3500 psi, 4000 psi, 4500 psi, 5000 psi, 5500 psi, and
Problem 7.13 Repeat Problem 7.9 if the bars are four #8 and
6000 psi. Assume the bars are uncoated and normal-weight
epoxy coated and all-lightweight concrete is used. (Ans.
concrete is used. Use ACI Equation 12-1 and assume Ktr = 0.
81.6 in., 69.0 in.)
Problem 7.14 The bundled #10 bars shown are uncoated and
used in normal-weight concrete. As required = 4.44 in.2 .

#3 stirrups 40 in.
@ 6 in. o.c.
fy = 60,000 psi #9 bars
32 in.
#4 stirrups f 'c = 5000 psi
@ 6 in. o.c. 3 in.
#10 bars
3 in. 3 in.
4 in. 3 @ 4 in. = 12 in.

3 in. 9 in. 3 in. measured to c.g. of outside

longitudinal bar Problem 7.17 Repeat Problem 7.16 if #8 bars are used. (Ans.
41.1 in., 38.0 in., 35.6 in., 33.5 in., 31.8 in., etc.)
Problem 7.18 Repeat Problem 7.16 if #7 bars are used.
Problem 7.15 Repeat Problem 7.14 if the bars are epoxy Problem 7.19 Repeat Problem 7.16 if #6 epoxy-coated bars
coated and used in sand-lightweight concrete with are used in lightweight concrete. (Ans. 39.4 in., 36.5 in.,
f c = 4000 psi. (Ans. 78.3 in., 63.4 in., etc.) 34.2 in., 32.2 in., 30.6 in., etc.)

Problem 7.20
(a) Determine the tensile development length required for the uncoated #8 bars shown if normal-weight concrete is used and the
bars are straight. Use ACI Equation 12-1 and compute the value of Ktr . f c = 4000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi.
(b) Repeat part (a) if 180◦ hooks are used.
Assume side, top, and bottom cover in all cases to be at least 2 12 in.

21 in.

3 @ 5 in.
3 in. 3 in.
= 15 in.

3 in.

4 #8
#3 stirrups
@ 6 in. o.c.

27 in. 30 in.
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220 CHAPTER 7 Bond, Development Lengths, and Splices

Problem 7.21 Are the uncoated #8 bars shown anchored Problem 7.22 Repeat Problem 7.21 if headed bars are used
sufficiently with their 90◦ hooks? f c = 3000 psi and instead of 90◦ hooks and f c = 5000 psi.
fy = 60 ksi. Side and top cover is 2 12 in. on bar extensions.
Problem 7.23 Repeat Problem 7.7 if the bars are in
Normal-weight concrete is used. As required = 2.20 in.2 . (Ans.
compression. (Ans. 17.9 in.)
ldh = 14.3 in., sufficient)

2 in. clear
3 #8

12 in. clear 15 in.

16 in.

For Problems 7.24 to 7.29, use ACI Equation 12-1 and assume Ktr = 0.
Problem 7.24 The required bar area for the wall footing shown is 0.65 in.2 per foot of width and #8 epoxy-coated bars 12 in. on
center are used. Maximum moment is assumed to occur at the face of the wall. If fy = 60,000 psi and f c = 4000 psi, do the bars
have sufficient development lengths? Assume cb = 3 in.

Problem 7.25 Repeat Problem 7.24 using #7 @ 9 in. and Problem 7.27 The beam shown is subjected to an Mu of
without epoxy coating. (Ans. ld = 20.2 in. < 27 in. OK) 250 ft-k at the support. If cb = 1.5, Ktr = 0, the concrete is
lightweight, fy = 60,000 psi, and f c = 4000 psi, do the
Problem 7.26 Problem 7.24 has insufficient embedment
following: (a) select #9 bars to be placed in one row,
length. List four design modifications that would reduce the
(b) determine the development lengths required if straight bars
required development length.
are used in the beam, and (c) determine the development lengths
needed if 180◦ hooks are used in the support. (Ans. 3 #9,
95.2 in., 26.0 in.)

b = 12 in.
d = 22 1 in.
2
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Problems 221

Problem 7.28 In the column shown, the lower column bars Problem 7.30 Calculations show that 4.90 in.2 of top or
are #8 and the upper ones are #7. The bars are enclosed by ties negative steel is required for the beam shown. If four uncoated
spaced 12 in. on center. If fy = 60,000 psi and f c = 4000 psi, #10 bars have been selected, f c = 4000 psi, and
what is the minimum lap splice length needed? Normal-weight fy = 60,000 psi, determine the minimum development length
concrete is to be used for the 12-in. × 12-in. column. needed for the standard 90◦ hooks shown. Assume bars have
3-in. side and top cover measured from c.g. of bars and are used
in normal-weight concrete. The bars are not enclosed by ties or
stirrups spaced at 3db or less.

Problem 7.29 Calculations show that 2.64 in.2 of top or

negative moment steel is required for the beam shown. Three #9
bars have been selected. Are the 4 ft. 6 in. embedment lengths
shown satisfactory if f c = 4000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi? Bars
are spaced 3 in. o.c. with 3-in. side and top cover measured
from c.g. of bars. Use Ktr = 0. (Ans. No; ld = 69 in. >
4 ft 6 in., not adequate)

3 #9 3 #9

3 in.
21 in.

4 ft 6 in. 4 ft 6 in. 4 ft 6 in. 4 ft 6 in.

Problem 7.31 If fy = 75,000 psi, f c = 4000 psi, wD = 1.5 k/ft, and wL = 5 k/ft, are the development lengths of the straight
bars satisfactory? Assume that the bars extend 6 in. beyond the centerline of the reactions and that Ktr = 0. As required = 3.05 in.2 .
The bars are uncoated and the concrete is normal weight. (Ans. ld = 57.6 in., embedment length is adequate)

21 in.

3 in.

3 @ 3 in.
3 in. 3 in. 1 ft 6 in. 11 ft 0 in. 1 ft 6 in.
15 in.
14 ft 0 in.
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222 CHAPTER 7 Bond, Development Lengths, and Splices

Compression Splices

Problem 7.32 Determine the compression lap splices needed

for a 14-in. × 14-in. reinforced concrete column with ties
(whose effective area exceeds 0.0015 hs, as described in Section
[Link] of the code) for the cases to follow. There are eight
#8 longitudinal bars equally spaced around the column.
(a) f c = 4000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi
(b) f c = 2000 psi and fy = 50,000 psi

Problems in SI Units
For Problems 7.33 to 7.36, determine the tensile development Problem 7.34
lengths required using: (a) ACI Metric Equation 12-1, assuming
Ktr = 0, and (b) ACI Metric Equation 12-1 and the computed
value of Ktr . Use fy = 420 MPa and f c = 28 MPa.
Problem 7.33 (Ans. 922 mm, 769 mm)
#13
stirrups @
425 mm
200 mm
o.c. 500 mm

3 #32
#10
stirrups @ 75 mm
150 mm 620 mm
o.c. 700 mm 75 2 @ 100 75
mm mm mm
4 #25
350 mm

80 mm
Problem 7.35 Repeat Problem 7.33 if the longitudinal bars
80 3 @ 100 mm 80 are #19. (Ans. 437 mm, 437 mm)
mm = 300 mm mm
Problem 7.36 Repeat Problem 7.34 if the bars are epoxy
460 mm coated.

Computer Problems

For Problems 7.37 and 7.38, use the Chapter 7 spreadsheet.

Problem 7.37 Repeat Problem 7.6. (Ans. 52.1 in., 44.0 in.)
Problem 7.38 Repeat Problem 7.9.
Problem 7.39 Repeat Problem 7.22. (Ans. ldt = 13.6 in. >
13 in. available ∴ no good)