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Types of Communication Explained

Chapter 3 discusses informative, persuasive, and argumentative communication, outlining their definitions and key characteristics. Informative communication focuses on educating the audience without expressing opinions, while persuasive communication aims to convince the audience through emotional appeals. Argumentative communication relies on sound reasoning and evidence to change the reader's mind, emphasizing the importance of avoiding defective arguments and evidence.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views21 pages

Types of Communication Explained

Chapter 3 discusses informative, persuasive, and argumentative communication, outlining their definitions and key characteristics. Informative communication focuses on educating the audience without expressing opinions, while persuasive communication aims to convince the audience through emotional appeals. Argumentative communication relies on sound reasoning and evidence to change the reader's mind, emphasizing the importance of avoiding defective arguments and evidence.

Uploaded by

Maj Myrielle
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 3

LESSON 1

Informative, Persuasive,
and Argumentative
Communication
• Learning Objectives:

• Understand the definition of informative,


persuasive, and argumentative communication.
• Produce informative, persuasive, and
argumentative essay, article, or announcement.
• Determine the differences and similarities of
Informative, Persuasive, and Argumentative
Communication.
INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION
• Inform the reader about a subject or idea.
• It is used to educate, share novel concepts, and shape
public perception of a particular notion or idea.
• You want your audience to pay attention and comprehend
what you are saying.
• It does not express an opinion or make an effort to
persuade the reader. Informative communication
INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION
CONCEPTS OF INFORMATIVE
COMMUNICATION

[Link] AUDIENCE – the people you are


communicating with.
[Link] TOPIC – interesting, relevant, and beneficial
to your audience
[Link] AND ACCURATE INFORMATION –
only deliver facts.
[Link] YOUR INFORMATION – to make
sense of what you are delivering or sharing.
Osborn (2009), claims that Informative Communication
arises out of three deep impulses:

• We are sought to expand our awareness of the


world around us.
• We seek to become more competent.
• We have the an abiding of curiosity about how
things work or how they are made.
PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION

• Convincing or persuading your receivers


• Art of gaining fair and favorable
consideration for your point of view.
Persuasive communication

• Advocates something through a speaker.


• Uses supporting materials to justify advice.
• Turns audience into accounts of change.
• Appeals to feelings
• Asks for strong audience commitment.
WAYS TO PERSUADE:
1. Talk Fast
2. Master the Body Language
3. Get to know the audience
4. Timing is everything
5. Be Persistent
6. Think Smart
DO’S AND DON’TS IN PERSUASIVE
COMMUNICATION

DO’S DON’TS
1. Know your audience [Link] rely on a great
2. Get the audience attention argument
3. Tailor the message to the 2. Never make a hard sales
medium pitch
4. Convey the benefits 3. Never take an “all or nothing”
stance
4. Don’t believe you have only
one chance
Argumentative Communication

• Relies heavily on sound proof and reasoning.


• Tries to change the reader’s mind by convincing
the reader to agree with the speaker.
• Highly persuasive and logical.
• Art of persuading based on reason, fact sand
not emotions.
Lucas (2007) claims that to avoid defective
arguments, the following must be avoided:
1. Defective Evidence
• Misuse of facts
• Defective testimonies
• Statistical fallacies
• Inappropriate evidence
2. Defective patterns of reasoning
*Evidential fallacies
a. Slippery slope
b. Confusing facts with
opinions
c .Read herring
d. Myth of mean
* Flawed proofs
* Defective arguments
Different techniques used in
Informative, Persuasive, and
Argumentative Communication

Informative Communication
Persuasive Communication Argumentative
Techniques:
Techniques: Communication Techniques
1. STICK WITH FACTS. AVOID BIAS (by Aristotle):
1. Pick a topic you’re passionate
– Bias of any kind is the main
about. • LOGOS – appeals logic or
problem for informative
2. Know your audience. reason in an argument.
communication.
3. Hook the reader’s attention. • PATHOS – appeals to the
2. PROVIDE INFORMATION, NOT
4. Be empathetic emotions and the
OPINION – Make providing the
5. Ask rhetorical questions. sympathetic imagination,
information your main priority.
6. Emphasize your point. beliefs and values of an
3. BE SPECIFIC – Make sure to
explain well and give precise argument.
information. • ETHOS – appeals to the
[Link] CLEAR AND FORMAL writer’s character.
LANGUAGE
Quiz time!
TRUE OR FALSE

[Link] important to consider opposing


viewpoints in argumentation.
[Link] communication aims to
change or reinforce the attitudes, beliefs,
or behaviors of an audience.
[Link] communication can be
delivered through various mediums
such as speeches, presentations, and
written documents.
IDENTIFICATION

4-7. GIVE (4) Defective Evidence

8-10. Give (3) Defective Patterns of


reasoning
LET’S CHECK
1-3 TRUE OR FALSE

1. True
2. True
3. True
4-7. Identification

Defective Evidence
• MISUSE OF FACTS
• DEFECTIVE TESTIMONIES
• STATISTICAL FALLACIES
• INAPPROPRIATE EVIDENCE
8-10. DEFECTIVE PATTERNS OF
REASONING

* EVIDENTIAL FALLACIES
* FLAWED PROOFS
* DEFECTIVE ARGUMENT

Common questions

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Logos, which appeals to logic and reason, is often more effective in argumentative communication because it provides a structured and factual basis for arguments, thus building sound proofs . However, challenges include ensuring all evidence is verifiable and comprehensible, avoiding technical fallacies, and presenting complex information accessibly to ensure understanding without losing the argument's logical substance .

The use of emotional appeals in argumentative communication poses the risk of undermining the argument's credibility because arguments based on emotions can detract from logical reasoning and factual evidence . This can lead to flawed proofs and defective arguments, as reliance on pathos rather than logos or ethos can result in less sound and persuasive arguments .

To ensure successful informative communication in complex subjects, use clear and formal language, organize information logically, and break down complex information into understandable parts without oversimplifying . Ensuring specificity and avoiding technical jargon can also aid comprehension while visual aids and examples can help illustrate points effectively .

In persuasive communication, understanding the audience involves tailoring messages to their values and emotions to effectively sway their opinions or actions . This means engaging the audience's feelings and securing a stronger commitment . In contrast, in informative communication, understanding the audience focuses on providing clear, relevant, and factual information to enhance their knowledge without attempting to influence their opinions or emotions .

Avoiding bias in informative communication is crucial because it ensures the integrity and reliability of the information being conveyed . Bias can mislead the audience, compromising the primary objective of informative communication, which is to educate based on facts . This can be achieved by sticking to verifiable facts, excluding personal opinions, and using clear, formal language to maintain objectivity .

Informative communication primarily aims to educate the audience by providing factual information without opinions, focusing on clarity and accuracy . Persuasive communication seeks to convince the audience to adopt a specific viewpoint or behavior using emotion and advocacy while also engaging the audience emotionally and critically . Argumentative communication also persuades, but it relies heavily on logic and evidence, aiming to convince through sound reasoning and factual correctness, avoiding emotional appeals .

An over-reliance on statistical evidence can lead to pitfalls such as statistical fallacies and misinterpretations, which can undermine the argument's credibility . Defective use of statistics, like omitting context or using misleading averages, can weaken an argument by making it appear manipulative or biased, which detracts from its persuasiveness and rigorous foundation .

Mastering body language enhances persuasive communication by reinforcing the verbal message, helping to convey confidence, and improving audience engagement . Effective use of gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact can increase credibility and help to emotionally connect with the audience, thereby influencing their perception and receptivity to the message being presented .

Rhetorical questions in persuasive communication are designed not to elicit an actual response but to emphasize a point or provoke thought, often used to engage the audience and strengthen a rhetorical position . Direct questions seek specific answers and are used to gather information or prompt discussion. The impact of rhetorical questions is often to create a more engaged audience by prompting them to consider the speaker's viewpoint more deeply, enhancing the persuasive effect .

Timing in persuasive communication is crucial for aligning the message with the audience's readiness to receive and process it, enhancing receptivity and impact . Effective strategies include understanding the best moments for an audience to be most receptive, strategically pacing the delivery of arguments to maintain engagement, and linking messages with current events or emotional moments to boost persuasiveness .

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