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AP Calculus: Parametric & Implicit Derivatives

The document provides a detailed overview of parametric and implicit differentiation, including methods for finding first and second derivatives. It discusses the application of the chain rule and quotient rule in parametric functions, as well as strategies for implicit differentiation. Additionally, it includes practice problems and examples related to the unit circle and tangent lines.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views23 pages

AP Calculus: Parametric & Implicit Derivatives

The document provides a detailed overview of parametric and implicit differentiation, including methods for finding first and second derivatives. It discusses the application of the chain rule and quotient rule in parametric functions, as well as strategies for implicit differentiation. Additionally, it includes practice problems and examples related to the unit circle and tangent lines.

Uploaded by

mathmaster339
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

September 22, 2021

Intros.

Practice quiz in Schoology!


September 22, 2021

AP Parametric Handout - debrief

!"#$%$&'($)$*+,-.-+',$+/$&$0+11#0$2+&,.#0$+3#0$."#$-'.#03&1$$$$$$$
.4$567$89$,#2:;$2&'$<#$=+(#1#($*&0&=#.0-2&11)$<)4

x(t) = 10t + 4sint


y(t) = (20 – t)(1 – cost)

#>$?-'($."#$.-=#$.$&.$@"-2"$."#$2&0$"&,$0#&2"#($-.$=&%$
"#-A".:

/>$?-'($."#$.@+$.-=#,$-'$."#$,.&.#($(+=&-'$@"#0#$."#$2&0$-,$
&.$A0+B'($1#3#1:

Talk strategies and technology!


September 22, 2021

50

10

100 200

Link to solutions:
September 22, 2021

LT4.5 - I can differentiate parametrics (both first


and second derivatives) and understand the
difference between dy/dx, dy/dt and dx/dt.
(p. 160-168)

Yesterday: First derivative of a Parametric function

dy dy/dt y'(t)
= = "Parametric chain rule"
dx dx/dt x'(t)

Today: Second derivative of a Parametric function


September 22, 2021

Second derivative of a Parametric function


dy dy/dt y'(t)
= =
dx dx/dt x'(t)
d 2y d
=
dx2 dx

This is a job for the quotient rule and the


chain rule (why??)
September 22, 2021

Using yesterday's example:

x'(t) = 3t2 y'(t) = 2e2t

dy/dx =
September 22, 2021

2
dy
dx
2 =

2
dy
= 2
dx
September 22, 2021

Optional formula to write down


September 22, 2021

Implicit Differentiation (differentiating non-functions)

LT4.6: I can find the derivatives of non-functions


using Implicit differentiation and find vertical and
horizontal tangent lines.
September 22, 2021

Opener: The unit circle!

Predict the slope of the tangent line to the unit circle

when x2 + y2 = 1

Brainstorm 3 unique different ways to find the


actual slope at that point.
September 22, 2021

4 corners!
September 22, 2021

1. Solve for y, find the derivative normally


2. Express the circle parametrically and use
the parametric chain rule
3. Differentiate "implicitly" (d/dx both sides
right off the bat)
September 22, 2021

Brainstorm: Find the derivative of x2 + y2 = 1

when three different ways

a) Isolate y and take b) Parametric chain


the derivative as rule
normal

c) Take d/dx of both


sides without
isolating (don't
forget chain rule!)
September 22, 2021

Method 1:
write a function for the top
part of the circle.

take the derivative.


remember the chain rule!

find the slope:


September 22, 2021

Method 2: x = cos(t) y = sin(t)


dy dy/dt y'(t)
= =
dx dx/dt x'(t)

dy/dx = cos(t) / -sin(t) = - cot(t)


At that x value, t =pi/6
-cot(pi/6) = -root 3 !!
September 22, 2021

Method 3: Implicit Differentiation:

d/dx both sides

solve for y' and plug in!


Note: the derivative rule has
both x and y in the answer!
(this makes sense because it
is a non-function)
September 22, 2021

According to this slope rule, when should the


unit circle have horizontal tangent lines?
When should it have vertical tangent lines?
September 22, 2021

Implicit Differentiation:
a method of finding dy/dx for a relation without
actually isolating y.

Example: Find dy/dx given the relation


4x - 8x2y6 + 3y = 21
September 22, 2021

Solution: 4x - 8x2y6 + 3y = 21
take derivative (remember the product rule!)
September 22, 2021

Ways that we can extend this question:

1. 2nd derivative
2. vertical,horizontal tangent lines
3. d/dx of the inverse
September 22, 2021

Note: It is "implied" that y is a function of x even


though it is very difficult (or even impossible) to
actually isolate y in the original problem.
September 22, 2021

Practice:
AP Implicit Differentiation handout
DeltaMath #11 - more practice with implicit
differentiation.
September 22, 2021

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