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1. Jami masjid (Bidar) :
•Jami Masjid, also called Solah Khamba or Zanana Masjid, is located in Bidar.
•Built during the Tughlaq period in the 14th century and extended later.
•Known as one of the largest and oldest mosques in India.
•Dimensions: 90m (295ft) long and 24m (77ft) wide.
•Named “Solah Khamba” after the 16 pillars lined in the front.
•Features a row of arched openings and massive columns, arches, and domes.
•The central dome rises on a drum with triangular rims.
•The mihrab in the middle of the liwan is enclosed in a square compartment with a dome
above.
2. Jami masjid (Gulbarga) :
•Built in 1367 AD by Bahmani Sultan Mohammed Shah after defeating Kapaya Nayaka.
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•Unique mosque without minarets, featuring 250 arches and a 50-foot-high entrance.
•Roof has one large central dome, four medium domes, and 107 smaller domes.
•Central dome supported by squinches, with vaulting used in aisles.
•Cloisters have wide single archways; northern cloister has a large archway breaking
symmetry.
•Minimal ornamentation: pointed arches, trefoil arches, honeycomb work, and small carved
niches.
•Built with stone masonry and lime mortar; domes and barrel-vaulted roofs dominate.
•Ventilation through arcades of pointed arches; no courtyard.
•Influenced later mosques like Kali Masjid and Khirki Masjid.
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3. Madrassa of Mahmud , Gawan :
•Built in 1472 by Mahmud Gawan, a Persian scholar and minister.
•An Islamic college with lecture halls, library, mosque, and accommodations.
•Rectangular layout, 205’ x 180’, with a central quadrangle.
•Three-story structure with arched openings.
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•Decorated with colorful glazed tiles in white, green, and yellow.
•Features calligraphy on the parapet.
•Lead sheets in the foundation prevent damp damage.
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4. Fahtepursikri :
•Akbar’s ambitious capital city, 36 km west of Agra, known as the “city without streets.”
•Key structures include Jami Masjid, Buland Darwaza, Tomb of Salim Chisti, and Islam Khan.
•Service areas like waterworks and guard quarters were on the outskirts.
•Public spaces like Diwani-Am and Jami Masjid surrounded private buildings.
•Important structures aligned along cardinal axes: secular buildings on the north-south
axis, Jami Masjid on the east-west axis.
•Architecture influenced by Gujarat and Rajasthan styles, resembling temple designs; Jami
Masjid shows Islamic elements.
•Other notable buildings include Jodha Bai’s Palace, Birbal’s House, and Panch Mahal.
•Red sandstone was the primary material, with accents of white marble and blue glazed
tiles.
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5. Humayun’s tomb :
•Built in 1570, Humayun’s Tomb is India’s first garden-tomb and inspired later monuments
like the Taj Mahal.
•Made of red sandstone with white and black marble inlays.
•Built on a 20-foot-high square sandstone terrace for prominence.
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•The central chamber houses Humayun’s cenotaph, with surrounding rooms for family
members.
•The charbagh garden is divided into four sections with water channels, pathways, and
fountains.
•Features include blind arches, mihrabs, jali screens, and intricate plasterwork.
•The entrance (pishtaq) has arched recesses (iwans) and honeycomb vaulting (muqarnas).
•The double dome rises 42.5 meters and is topped with an 8-meter gilded finial.
•Roof decorations include domed kiosks (chhatris), crenellations (kangura), and ornamental
pinnacles (guldastas).
•The plinth has grave niches, marble inlays, and detailed plaster patterns.
•Water features like fountains and tanks add to the serene garden setting.
•Symmetry, proportion, and garden integration reflect Mughal ideals.
•Interior corridors and multiple chambers are a departure from earlier single-room tombs.
•Decorative details include lotus medallions, colonettes, and spandrels.
•The tomb’s design set a precedent for future Mughal architecture.
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