sin A sin B

+ 13π
Ex. 2) Find the value of tan
cos A cos B 12
= 1 − sin A sin B
cos A cos B 13π  π 
Solution : tan tan  π + 
12  12 
tan A + tan B
=
1 − tan A tan B π
tanπ + tan
tan A + tan B =
12
∴ tan (A+B) = 1 − tan A tan B π
1 − tanπ tan
12
Theorem : 6) For any two angles A and B, π
0 + tan
12
tan (A-B) = tan A − tan B (Activity) =
π
1 + tan A tan B 1 + 0 × tan
12
Results : π
= tan
12
1) If none of the angles A,B and (A+B) is a
multiple of π π π 
cot A cot B − 1 = tan  − 
then, cot (A+B) = 4 6
cot B + cot A
π π
tan − tan
2) If none of the angles A,B and (A−B) is a = 4 6
multiple of π
π π
1 + tan tan
cot A cot B + 1 4 6
then, cot (A−B) =
cot B − cot A 1
1−
3
= 1
1 + 1×
3
SOLVED EXAMPLES
= = 2− 3
Ex. 1) Find the value of cos 15°
sin( x + y ) tan x + tan y
Ex. 3) Show that =
Solution : cos 15° = cos(45°−30°) sin( x − y ) tan x − tan y

= cos45°cos30° + sin 45°sin30° sin( x + y )

Solution : L.H.S. =
sin( x − y )
1 3 1 1
+ sin x cos y + cos x sin y
= 2 2 2 2 =
sin x cos y − cos x sin y

=
3
+
1 (dividing numerator and denominator by
2 2 2 2 cos x cos y)
sin x sin y
3 +1 +
= cos x cos y
2 2 = sin x sin y
−
cos x cos y
37
 tanx + tany x
= ∴ =y
tanx − tany tanAtanB
= R.H.S. ∴ tan A tanB =
x
y
Ex. 4) Show that :
1
tan3x tan2x tanx = tan3x − tan2x − tanx Now cot (A−B) = tan A − B
( )
Solution : tan (3x) = tan (2x+x)
1 + tanAtanB
=
tan 2 x + tanx tanA − tanB
∴ tan (3x) = 1 − tan 2 x tanx
x
1+
∴ tan3x [1−tan 2x tanx] = tan2x + tanx y x+ y 1 1
= = = +
x xy y x
∴ tan3x − tan3x tan2x tanx = tan2x + tanx
1 1
∴ cot (A−B) = +
∴ tan3x − tan 2x − tanx = tan3x tan2x tanx y x
∴ tan3x tan2x tanx = tan3x − tan2x − tanx
Ex. 7) If
1 x
=
tan ∝ =
, tan β =
and tanγ x −3 + x −2 + x −1
Ex. 5) Show that x( x 2 + x + 1) x2 + x + 1

π  π then show that

cos  + x  + cos ( − x) = 2 cosx
4  4 ∝ + β =γ
π  π
Solution : L.H.S. = cos  + x  + cos ( − x)
4  4 Solution : We know that
π π tan ∝ +tanβ
= cos cosx − sin π sin x + cos cos x tan(∝ + β ) =
4 4 4 1 − tan ∝ tanβ
π
+ sin sinx ∴ tan (a +b) =
4
1 1  1 x 
= cosx + cosx  + 
 x ( x + x + 1)
2 2
=
2
x2 + x + 1 
2  
= cosx = 2 cosx = R. H.S.  1− 1 x 
 x ( x + x + 1) x + x + 1 
2 2 2
 
Ex. 6) If tan A − tan B = x and cot B − cot A = y
=
( x + 1) x2 + x + 1
1 1
then show that cot (A−B) = + x .x ( x + 1)
x y
Solution : cot B − cot A = y = x2 x 1
+ +
1 1 =y x3 x3 x3
∴ −
tanB tanA = x −1 + x −2 + x −3
tanA − tanB = tan g
∴ =y
tanAtanB ∴ a +b = g
38
Ex. 8) If sin A +sinB = x and cosA + cosB = y then
EXERCISE 3.1
2xy
show that sin (A+B) = 2
x + y2
1) Find the values of
Solution :
i) sin 15° ii) cos 75° iii) tan 105°
y +x = (cosA+cosB) + (sinA+sinB)
2 2 2 2
iv) cot 225°
= cos A+2cosAcosB+cos B+sin A+sin B
2 2 2 2
2) Prove the following.
+2sinA sinB
π π π π
y +x = (cos A+sin A)+(cos B+sin B)+
2 2 2 2 2 2
i) cos( −x) cos( −y) − sin( −x) sin( −y)
2 2 2 2
2(cosAcosB+sinAsinB)
= − cos (x+y)
= 1+1+2cos(A−B)
1 − tan θ
∴ x2+y2 = 2 + 2cos(A−B) ......... (I) ii) tan ( π +θ) =
4 1 + tan θ
y2 − x2 = (cos A+cosB)2−(sinA+sinB)2
π 
= (cos2A − Sin2A)+(cos2B−sin2B) 2 tan  + x 
1+tanx 4 
+2[cosA cosB−sinA sinB] iii) 1–tanx = π 
tan  − x 
= cos2A+cos2B+2 cos (A+B) 4 
2 A + 2B  2 A − 2B  iv) sin [(n+1)A].sin[(n+2)A]+cos[(n+1)A].
= 2cos   .cos 
 2   2  cos[(n+2)A]= cos A
+ 2cos(A+B)
π
v) 2 cos ( −A) = cos A +sin A
= 2cos (A+B) cos (A−B) +2 cos (A+B) 4
= cos (A+B) [2cos (A−B)+2] [from (I)] cos ( x − y ) cotx coty + 1
vi) =
y2−x2 = cos (A+B) (x2+y2) cos ( x + y ) cotxcoty − 1
2 2
∴ y −x = cos (A+B) vii) cos (x+y).cos (x−y) = cos2y − sin2x
x2 + y 2
tan5A − tan3A sin2A
viii) =

t
∴ sin (A+B) = tan5A + tan3A sin8A

y 2 − x2 2 ix) tan8q − tan5q − tan3q = tan8q tan5q tan3q

∴ sin (A+B) = 1 − ( )
y 2 + x2 x) tan50° = tan40° + 2 tan10°

( y 2 + x 2 )2 − ( y 2 − x 2 )2 cos 27° + sin 27°

= xi) = tan72°
( y 2 + x2 ) 2 cos 27° − sin 27°
xii) tan10° + tan35° + tan10°.tan35° = 1

2
= y 4 + 2 x2 y 2 + x4 − y 4 + 2 x2 y 2 − x4
( x 2 + y 2 )2 cotA cot4A + 1 cos3A
xiii) =
cotA cot4A − 1 cos5A
= 4x2 y 2
cos 15° − sin 15° 1
( x 2 + y 2 )2 xiv) =
cos 15° + sin 15° 3
2xy
=
x + y2
2

39
 3π 3π
3) If sin A = -5 , π < A < 3π and 4) sin ( + q) = − cos q, cos ( + q) = sinq,
2 2
13 2
3π
cos B = 3 , 3π < B < 2 π then tan ( + q)= -cot q
2
5 2
find i) sin (A+B) ii) cos (A-B) 5) sin (2π - q) = -sin q, cos (2π - q)
iii) tan (A+B) cosq , tan (2π-q)= -tan q
=

5 1 π Above results are tabulated in following table .

4) If tan A= 6 , tan B = 11 , prove that A+B = 4
allied -q π π π-q π+ q 2π - q 2π + q
+q
angles/ 2 -q 2

Let's Learn Trigonometric

functions

3.2 Trigonometric functions of allied angels. sin −sinq cosq cosq sinq −sinq −sinq sinq

cos cosq sinq −sinq −cos q −cosq cosq cosq

Allied angles : If the sum or difference of the
tan −tanq cotq −cotq −tan q −tanq −tanq tanq
measures of two angles is an integral multiple of
π
then these angles are said to be allied angles.
2
If q is the measure of an angle the SOLVED EXAMPLES
π 3π
−θ , ±θ, π ±θ, ±θ , 2π − θ are its allied Ex. 1) Find the values of
2 2
angles. i) (sin495°) ii) cos 930° iii)tan 840°

We have already proved the following results : Solution :

π π i) sin (495°) = sin 495° ii) cos 930°
1) sin ( − q) = cos q, cos ( − q) = sinq,
2 2
π
tan ( − q)= cot q = sin (360° + 135°) = cos (2 × 360° + 210°)
2
π π = sin 135° = cos 210°
2) sin ( + q) = cos q, cos ( + q) = -sinq,
2 2 π
π = sin ( + 450) = cos (π + 30°)
tan ( +q) = - cot q 2
2
1 3
Similarly we can also prove the following results : = cos 45° = = −cos 300 = −
2 2
1) sin (π - q) = sin q, cos (π - q) = - cosq, iii) tan 840° = tan (2 × 360° + 120°) = tan 120° =
tan (π-q)= -tan q π
tan ( +30°) = - cot30° = - 3
2
2) sin (π + q) = -sin q, cos (π + q) = - cosq,
tan (π+q) = tan q Ex. 2) Show that :
i) cos 24° + cos 55° + cos 125° + cos 204° +
3π 3π
3) sin ( - q) = − cos q, cos ( − q) = -sinq, 1
2 2 cos 300° = 2
3π
tan ( − q) = cot q Solution :
2
L.H.S. = cos 24° + cos 55° + cos 125° + cos204°

+ cos 300°
40
 = cos 24° + cos 55° + cos (180° − 55°) + iii)
cos (180° + 240) + cos (3600 − 600) cos ec ( 90ο − θ ) .sin (180ο − θ ) cot ( 360ο − θ )
=1
= cos 24° + cos 55° − cos55° − cos24° sec (180ο + θ ) tan ( 90ο + θ ) sin ( −θ )
+ cos 60° L.H.S.
1
= cos 60° = = R.H.S. = coses ( 90 − θ ) .sin (180 − θ ) cot ( 360 − θ )
ο ο ο
2
sec (180ο + θ ) tan ( 90ο + θ ) sin ( −θ )
ii) sec 840°.cot (−945°) + sin 600°.tan (−690°)
3 secθ sin θ (− cot θ )
= =
2 ( −secθ )( −cotθ )( −sinθ )
Solution : −secθ sinθ cot θ
= = 1 = R.H.S.
sec 840° = sec (2 × 360° +120°) = sec 120° −secθ cotθ sinθ

= sec (90° + 30°) = − cossec 30° π 

cot  + θ  sin ( −θ ) cot (π − θ )
= −2 2 
iv) = -cosecq
cot (−945°) = −cot 945° = −cot (2 × 360° +225°) cos ( 2π − θ ) sin (π + θ ) tan ( 2π − θ )

= −cot 225° L.H.S.

= −cot (180° + 45°) = −cot 45° = −1 π 
cot  + θ  sin ( −θ ) cot (π − θ )
2 
sin 600° = sin (360° +240°) = sin 240° =
cos ( 2π − θ ) sin (π + θ ) tan ( 2π − θ )
= sin (180° +60°)

( − tanθ )( −sinθ )( −cotθ )
= − sin 60° = − 3 =
cosθ ( −sinθ )( − tanθ )
2
tan (−690°) = −tan690° = −tan (2 × 360 − 30°) −cotθ
=
+cosθ
= − (−tan 30°)
cosθ 1 1
1 = - × = = - cosecq = R.H.S.
= tan 30 = sinθ cosθ sin θ
3
L.H.S. Ex. 3) Prove the following :
π 4π
= sec840°.cot (−945°) + sin 600° tan (−690°) i) sin 15 + sin - sin 14π - sin 11π = 0
15 15
15
 3 1  Solution : L.H.S
= − 2 × −1 +  − × 
 2 3  π 4π
= sin 15 + sin - sin 14π - sin 11π
15 15
1 4 −1 3 15
= 2− = = = R. H. S π 4π
2 2 2 = sin + sin - sin (π- π ) - sin (π- 4π )
15 15 15 15

π 4π
= sin 15 + sin - sin π - sin 4π
15 15 15
= 0
= R.H.S.
41
ii) sin2 ( π − x) + sin2 ( π + x) = 1
4 4 EXERCISE 3.2
π
Solution : consider π − x = y ∴x = 4 - y
4 1) Find the value of :
L.H.S. = sin2 ( π − x) + sin2 ( π + x) i) sin690° ii) sin (495°)
4 4
iii) cos 315° iv) cos (600°)
= sin2 y + sin2 ( π + π − y )
4 4 v) tan 225° vi) tan (- 690°)
= sin2 y + cos2 y vii) sec 240° viii) sec (- 855°)
= 1= R.H.S. ix) cosec 780° x) cot (-1110°)
2) Prove the following:
iii) sin2 π + sin2 3π + sin2 5π + sin2 7π = 2 cos (π + x ) cos ( − x )
8 8 8 8 i) = cot2 x
π 
Solution : L.H.S. sin (π − x ) cos  + x 
2 
= sin2 π + sin2 3π + sin2 5π + sin2 7π
8 8 8 8  3π 
ii) cos  + x  cos (2 π + x)[cot
= sin2 π + sin2 3π  2 
8 8
 3π 
 4π + π   − x  + cot(2 π + x)] = 1
2  4π + 3π 
+ sin2   + sin  8   2 
 8   
iii) sec 840°.cot (- 945°) + sin 600° tan (- 690°)
π π   π 3π  3
= sin2 π + sin2 3π + sin2  2 + 8  + sin2  2 + 8  =
8 8 2

= sin2 π + sin2 3π + cos2 π + cos2 3π cos ec ( 90° − x ) sin (180° − x ) cot ( 360° − x )
8 8 8 8 iv) =1
sec (180° + x ) tan ( 90° + x ) sin ( − x )
= 1+1
= 2 = R.H.S. sin3 (π + x ) sec 2 (π − x ) tan ( 2π − x )
v) = tan3 x
π 
iv) cos  + x  sin (π − x ) cosec 2 − x
2

2 
π   2π  2  3π  2  9π 
cos 2   + cos 2   + cos   + cos   =2
 10   5   5   10  vi) cosq + sin (270° + q) - sin (270° − q)
Solution : L.H.S + cos (180° + q) = 0

  π   2π   3π   9π
= cos 2   + cos 2   + cos 2   + cos 2  
10
   5  5
   10 
Let's Learn
π  π π  π π   π 
= cos 2   + cos 2  −  + cos 2  +  + cos 2  π − 
 10   2 10   2 10   10 
3.3 Trigonometric functions of multiple angles.
2 π  2 π  2 π  2 π 
= cos  10  + sin  10  + cos  10  + sin  10  Angles of the form 2q, 3q, 4q etc. are integral
       
multiple of q these angles are called multiple
= 1+1 θ 3θ
= 2 = R.H.S. angles and angles of the form , etc. are
2 2
called submultiple angles of q.
42
3.3.1 Trigonometric functions of double angles = 2 (1 - sin2q) - 1
(2q) = 2 - 2sin2q - 1
Theorem : For any angle q, = 1 - 2sin2q ..…… (3)
2tanθ = cos2q - sin2q
1) sin 2q = 2sinq cosq =
1 + tan 2θ
cos 2θ − sin 2θ
=
2) cos2q = cos2q − sin2q = 2cos2q - 1
1
1 − tan 2θ cos θ − sin 2θ
2
= 1 − 2 sin2q = =
1 + tan 2θ cos 2θ + sin 2θ

3) tan2q = 2tanθ cos 2θ − sin 2θ

1 − tan 2θ = cos 2θ
cos 2θ + sin 2θ
Proof: 1) = sin 2q = sin (q + q )
cos 2θ
= sin q cos q + cos q sin q
sin 2θ
1−
= 2 sin q cos q .. . …(1) cos 2θ
=
sin 2θ
2sin θ cosθ 1+
= cos 2θ
1
1 − tan 2θ
2sinq cosq = …….(4)
= 1 + tan 2θ
sin2 q + cos2 q
From (1), (2), (3) and (4) we get
2sin θ cos θ / cos 2 θ
= cos2q = cos2q − sin2q = 2cos2q - 1
sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ / cos 2 θ
= 1 − 2 sin2q
2sin θ /cosθ
= 1 − tan 2θ
sin 2 θ =
+1
cos 2 θ 1 + tan 2θ

2tanθ
= . . . . .(2)
1 + tan 2θ 2tanθ
3) tan2q =
From (1) and (2) 1 − tan 2θ
2tanθ Note that the substitution 2q = t transforms
sin 2q = 2sinqcosq =
1 + tan 2θ t t
sin2q = [Link] into sint = 2sin .cos .
2 2
2) cos2q = cos (q + q) Simillarly,
= cosq cosq - sinq sinq t t
cos2q = cos2q - sin2q, cost = cos2 - sin2
= cos2q - sin2q …….(1) 2 2
= cos2q - (1 - cos2q) t
2 tan
2 tan θ 2
= cos2q - 1 + cos2q tan2q = , tant = t
1 − tan 2θ 1 − tan 2
= 2cos q - 1 ……. (2)
2 2

43
 q 2t 3tanθ − tan 3θ
Also if tan = t then sinq = =
2 1- t2 1 − 3tan 2θ
1− t2 2t
and cosq = 2 and tanq = 3tanθ − tan 3θ
1+ t 1- t2 ∴ tan3q =
1 − 3tan 2θ
3.3.2 Trigonometric functions of triple angle
(3q)
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Theorem : 1) For any angle q
1) sin3q = 3sinq - 4sin3q q
2) cos3q = 4cos3q -3cosq Ex. 1) Prove that 1 + tanq tan = sec q
2
3tanθ − tan3θ Solution :
3) tan3q =
1 − 3tan 2θ q
L.H.S = 1 + tan q tan ( )
Proof: 2
θ
1) sin3q = sin (2q + q) sinθ
sin
= 1+ . 2
= sin2qcosq + cos2qsinq cosθ cos θ
= [Link] + (1- 2 sin2q) sinq 2

= 2sinqcos2q + sinq − 2sin3q θ θ θ

2sin cos .sin
= 1+ 2 2 2
= 2sinq (1- sin2q) + sinq - 2sin3q
θ
cosθ cos
= 2sinq - 2sin q + sinq - 2sin q
3 3
2
3sinq - 4sin q
= 3 θ
2sin 2
= 1+ 2
∴ sin3q = 3sinq - 4sin3q
cosθ
(Activity)
1 − cosθ
2) cos3q = cos (2q + q) = 1+
cosθ
3) tan3q = tan (2q + q) cosθ + 1 − cosθ
= cosθ
tan 2θ + tan θ
=
1 − tan 2θ tan θ 1
= = secq = R.H.S
cosθ
 2tanθ 
  + tanθ
 1 − tan 2θ 
= Ex. 2) Prove that
 2tanθ 
1 − 2 
tanθ
 1 − tan θ  tan 20° tan 40° tan 60° tan 80° = 3

2tanθ + tanθ (1 − tan 2θ ) Solution :

1 − tan 2θ L.H.S.
= (1 − tan 2θ ) − 2 tan 2 θ = tan 20° tan 40° tan 60° tan 80°
1 − tan 2θ
= tan 20° tan 40°. 3 tan 80°
= 2tanθ + tanθ − tan 3θ
1 − 3tan 2θ = 3 tan20° tan (60° - 20°) tan (60° + 20°)
44
 tan60ο − tan20ο tan60ο + tan20ο −3cos3θ + 3cosθ 3sinθ − 3sin 3θ
= 3 tan20°. . = +
1 + tan60ο tan20ο 1 − tan60ο tan20ο cosθ sinθ

3 − tan20ο 3 + tan20ο 3cosθ (1 − cos 2θ ) 3sinθ (1 − sin 2θ )
= 3 tan20°. 1 + 3tan20ο . 1 − 3tan20ο = +
cosθ sinθ

3 − tan 2 20ο = 3 sin2q + 3 cos2q

= 3 tan20° .
1 − 3tan 2 20ο = 3(sin2q + cos2 q)

3tan20ο − tan 3 20ο = 3(1) = 3 = R.H.S.
= 3
1 − 3tan 2 20ο
Ex. 5) Prove that tan5 A + tan3 A =[Link] 4A
= 3 tan [3 (20)]° tan5 A − tan3 A
= 3 tan 60°
tan5 A + tan3 A
= 3 . 3 = 3 = R. H. S Soln. : L.H.S. =
tan5 A − tan3 A

Ex. 3) Prove that 2cosec2x + cosecx = secx. cot (x/2) sin5 A sin3 A
+
= cos5 A cos3 A
Solution : L.H.S. = 2cosec2x + cosecx sin5 A sin3 A
−
2 1 cos5 A cos3 A
= +
sin 2 x sinx
sin5 Acos3 A + cos5 Asin3 A
2 1 cos5 Acos3 A
= + =
2 sinx cosx sinx sin5 Acos3 A − cos5 Asin3 A
1 + cosx cos5 Acos3 A
=
sinx cosx sin5 Acos3 A + cos5 Asin3 A
=
sin5 Acos3 A − cos5 Asin3 A
2cos 2 ( x / 2 )
= sin8 A
2 sin ( x / 2 ) cos ( x / 2 ) cosx = =
2 sin 4 Acos 4 A
sin 2 A sin 2 A
= cos ( x / 2 ) . 1
sin ( x / 2 ) cosx 2.2 sin 2 Acos 2 Acos 4 A
=
sin 2 A
= cot (x/2) . secx = R. H. S.
= 4 cos2 A cos 4A = R. H. S.
Ex. 4) Prove that
cos3θ − cos3θ sin 3θ + sin3θ = 3 Ex. 6) Show that (cos q + isin q)3
+ = cos 3q + i sin 3q, where i2 = -1.
cosθ sinθ
Solution : L.H.S. Solution : L.H.S.= [cosq + i sinq]3

cos3θ − cos3θ sin 3θ + sin3θ = cos3 q + 3 i cos2 q sin q + 3 i2 cosq sin2 q + i3 sin3q
= +
cosθ sinθ = cos3 q + 3i ( 1 - sin2 q) sinq - 3cosq sin2 q - i sin3q

= cos θ −  4cos θ − 3cosθ  + sin θ + 3sinθ − 4sin θ 

3 3 3
 
3
= cos3 q + 3i sin q - 3isin3q- 3cosq (1- cos2 q) - isin3q
cosθ sinθ = cos3 q + 3isin q - 3isin3q - 3cosq + 3cos3 q - isin3q

45
= [4 cos3 q − 3cosq] + i [3sin q - 4sin3q]
π 
= cos3q + isin3q = tan  + A 
4 
= R.H.S.
= R.H.S.
Ex. 7) Show that
4sinq cos3q - 4cosq sin3q = sin4q Ex. 9) Find sin x , cos x , tan x
2 2 2
Solution: 4
if tan x = , x lies in II quadrant.
3
L.H.S = 4sinq cos3q - 4cosq sin3q
Solution : we know that 1 + tan2q = sec2q
= 4sinq cosq [cos2 - sin2q]
4 2 16 25
= 2. (2sinq cosq ) (cos2 q - sin2q) sec2x = 1 + ( - ) =1+ = 9 + 16 =
3 9 9 9
= 2. sin2q . cos2q 5
= sin 4q sec x = ±
3
= R.H.S. But x lies in II quadrant.
∴ secx is negative.
Ex. 8) Show that 1 + sin 2 A = tan  π + A 
3
1 − sin 2 A

4

 ∴ sec x = − 5 ∴ cos x = −
3 5
Solution :
3 9 4
1 + sin 2 A sin x = 1 − cos 2 x = 1 − (− ) 2 = 1 − 25 = ± 5
L.H.S. = 5
1 − sin 2 A
4
sin 2 A + cos 2 A + 2 sinAcosA ∴ sin x = [∴ x lies in II quadrant]
= 5
sin 2 A + cos 2 A − 2 sinAcosA  3
x 1 − cosx 1−  − 
But sin = =  5
( sinA + cosA) 2 2 2
= 2
(cosA − sinA) 2
5+3 4 2
sinA + cosA = = =
= 2×5 5 5
cosA − sinA
cosA + sinA 1 + cosx  3
cos
x
= = 1−  − 
cosA  5
= 2 2
cosA − sinA 2
cosA 5−3 1 1
= 2×5 = =
sinA 5 5
1+
cosA
= sinA x 4
1− sin
x 2 = 5 4 5
cosA tan = 1 = × = 4 =2
2 x 5 1
1 + tanA cos
= 2 5
1 − tanA
x 2 x 1 x
π ∴ sin = , cos = , tan =2
tan +tanA 2 5 2 5 2
4 π
= π [∴ 1 = tan ]
1 − tan tanA 4
4
46
 π 1  π
Ex. 10) Find the value of tan =
8 2 [3 + cos 2x + 2cos2x cos  π − 3  ]
 
π π 1
Solution : let x = ∴ 2x = π
8 4 = 2 [3 + cos 2x - 2cos2x cos 3 ]
2 tan x 1
we have tan 2 x = =
1 - tan 2 x 2 [ 3 + cos 2x - cos2x ]
π 3
2tan = = R. H. S.
π 8 2
∴ tan =
4 2 π
1 − tan
8 π
Ex. 12) Find sin
π 2y 10
let y = tan ∴ 1= πc
8 1− y2 Solution : = 18°
10
∴ 1 - y2 = 2y
Let, q = 18°, 2q = 36°, 3q = 54°
∴ y +2y - 1 = 0
2

We have 2q + 3q = 90°
∴ y = −2 + 2 2 = - 1 ± 2 2q = 90° - 3q
2
π π ∴ sin 2q = sin (90° - 3q)
Since lies in I quadrant y = tan positive
8 8 2sin [Link] q = cos 3 q
π
∴ tan = 2 -1 ∴ 2sin [Link] q = 4.cos3 q - 3 cosq
8
Ex. 11) Prove that 2sin q = 4.cos2 q - 3
 π  π 3 2sin q = 4 (1 - sin2q) - 3
cos2 x + cos2  x + 3  + cos2 x− = 2
   3
2sin q = 4 - 4sin2q - 3
Solution : L.H.S. 4sin2q + 2sinq - 1 = 0
 π  π −2 ± 4 + (4)(4)(1)
= cos2 x + cos2  x + 3  + cos2  x −  ∴ sin q =
   3 2(4)
 π −2 ± 2 5
1 + cos 2  x +  =
1 + cos 2 x  3
= + + 2(4)
2 2
π −1 ± 5
 ∴ sin q =
1 + cos 2  x −  4
 3
2 −1 + 5
∴ sin q =
1  2π  4
= 2 [3 + cos 2x + cos  2x +  [∵ q is an acute angle]
 3 
 2π 
+ cos  2 x −  −1 + 5
 3  ∴ sin 18° =
4
1 2π
= −1 + 5
2 [3 + cos 2x + 2cos2x cos 3 ] ∴ sin
π
=
10 4
47
 EXERCISE 3.3 2cos 4 x + 1
xv) = (2 cosx -1) (2 cos2x -1)
2cosx + 1
π π 3
1) Find values of : i) sin ii) cos xvi) cos2x + cos2 (x +120°) + cos2 (x-120°) = 2
8 8
2) Find sin 2x, cos 2x, tan 2x if secx =
−13
, xvii) 2cosec 2x + cosecx = sec x cot  x 
5 2
π
<x<π  π  π
2 xviii) 4cosx cos  x + 3  + cos2  π −  = cos3x
   3
3) Prove the following:
2
1 − cos 2θ xix) sinx tan  x  + 2cosx =
i) = tan2q 2 x
1 + tan 2  
1 + cos 2θ 2
ii) (sin3x +sinx)sin x + (cos3x-cosx) cosx = 0
Let's :Learn
iii) (cosx+cosy)2+ (sinx -siny)2 = 4cos2
( x + y)
2 3.4 Factorization formulae:
Formulae for expressing sums and differences
iv) (cosx-cosy)2+(sinx -siny) 2 = 4sin2
( x − y) of trigonometric functions as products of sine and
2 cosine functions are called factorization formulae.
v) tanx + cotx = 2 cosec2x Formulae to express products in terms of sums and
cosx + sinx cosx − sinx differences are called defactorization formulae.
vi) − = 2tan2x
cosx − sinx cosx + sinx
3.4.1 Formulae for conversion of sum or
difference into product.
vii) 2 2 2 2cos8x = 2 cosx
Theorem: 9) For any angles C and D,
viii) 16 sinq cosq cos2q cos4q cos8q = sin16q
C+D
1) sin C + sin D = 2 sin   cos  C − D 
 2   
ix) sin3 x + cos3 x = 2cot2x 2
cosx sinx C−D
C+D
x 2) sin C - sin D = 2 cos   sin  
cosx cot   − 1  2   2 
x) = 2
1 + sinx x C+D C−D
cot   + 1 3) cos C + cos D = 2 cos   cos  
 2   2 
2
C−D
θ  θ  4) cos C - cos D = -2 sin  C + D  sin  
tan   + cot    2   2 
2 2
xi) = secq
θ
  θ 
 D −C 
= 2 sin  C + D  sin 
cot   − tan   
2 2  2  2  
1 1 Proof :
xii) − = cot 2A
tan3 A − tanA cot 3 A − cotA
C+D C−D
sin680 Let, A= and B =
xiii) cos7° cos 14° cos28° cos 56° = 2 2
16 cos830
∴ A+B = C and A–B = D
xiv) sin ( −160 ) sin (180ο − θ ) = sec2 20°
2 ο

+ using these values in equations

sin 2 70ο sinθ
48
 sin (A + B ) + sin (A - B) = 2sin AcosB
SOLVED EXAMPLES
sin (A + B) - sin (A - B) = 2 cos A sinB
we get Ex. 1) Prove the following :
C+D  C−D
sin C + sin D = 2 sin   cos   i) sin 40° - cos 70° = 3 cos 80°
 2   2 
ii) cos 40° + cos 50° + cos 70° + cos 80°
C+D  C−D = cos 20° + cos 10°
sin C - sin D = 2 cos   sin  
 2   2 
Solution :
Simillarly the equations,
i) L.H.S. = sin 40° - cos 70°
cos ( A + B ) = cos A cos B - sinAsin B ...... (3)
= sin (90° - 50°) - cos70°
cos ( A - B ) = cos A cos B + sinAsin B ...... (4)
gives, = cos 50° - cos70°
C+D  C−D
cosC + cos D = 2 cos   cos   = - 2 sin 60°sin ( - 10°)
 2   2 
C+D  C−D  = 2 sin 60°sin 10°
∴ cosC - cos D = - 2 sin   sin  2 
 2  = 2 × 3 cos 80 = 3 cos 80°
2
∴ sin (−θ) = sinθ = R.H.S

  C − D  ii) L.H.S.
C−D 
∴ −sin   = sin  −  
 2    2  = cos 40° + cos 50° + cos 70° + cos 80°
 D −C  = (cos 80° + cos 40°) + (cos 70° + cos 50°)
= sin  
 2 
 80 + 40   80 − 40   70 + 50   70 − 50 
C+D   D −C  =2 cos 
 2 
 cos 
 2 
 + 2cos 
 2 
 cos 
 2 

∴ cosC - cos D = 2 sin  2  sin  
   2 
= 2cos 60° cos 20° + 2cos60° cos10°
3.4.2 Formulae for conversion of product in to = 2 cos60° (cos 20° + cos 10°)
sum or difference : 1
=2 (cos20° + cos 10°)
For any angles A and B 2
= cos20° + cos 10° = R. H. S.
1) 2sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A - B)

2) 2cos A sin B = sin (A + B) - sin (A - B) Ex. 2) Express the following as sum or difference
of two trigonometric function:
3) 2cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A - B)
i) 2 sin4q cos 2q
4) 2sin A sin B = cos (A - B) - cos (A + B)
Solution : = 2 sin 4q cos 2q
= sin (4q + 2q) + sin (4q - 2q)
= sin 6q + sin 2q

49
  A+ B  Ex. 4) Prove that following.
ii) 4 sin   A− B 
 sin  
 2   2  cos ( 7 x − 5 y ) + cos ( 7 y − 5 x )
i) = cot (x + y)
 A+ B A− B   A+ B A− B  sin ( 7 x − 5 y ) + sin ( 7 y − 5 x )
= 2 ×[cos  +
−  − cos  2 2 

 2 2  Solution : L.H.S.
= 2[cos B − cos A]
cos ( 7 x − 5 y ) + cos ( 7 y − 5 x )
= 2cosB − 2cos A =
sin ( 7 x − 5 y ) + sin ( 7 y − 5 x )

Ex. 3) Show that  7 x − 5 y + 7 y − 5x   7 x − 5 y − 7 y + 5x 

2 cos   cos  
=  2   2 
sin8 x + sin 2 x
i) = cos3x  7 x − 5 y + 7 y − 5x   7 x − 5 y − 7 y + 5x 
cos 2 x − cos8 x 2 sin   cos  
 2   2 
Solution : L.H.S cos ( x + y ) cos ( 6 x − 6y )
= sin8 x + sin 2 x = sin ( x + y ) cos ( 6 x − 6y )
cos 2 x − cos8 x
cos ( x + y )
 8x + 2 x   8x − 2 x  = = cot (x + y) = R. H. S.
2sin   cos   sin( x + y
=  2   2 
 2 x + 8x   8x − 2 x 
2 sin   sin   ii) sin6q + sin4q - sin2q = 4cosq sin2q cos3q
 2   2 
2 sin 5 x cos 3 x Solution : L.H.S.
=
2 sin 5 x sin 3 x = sin6q + sin4q - sin2q
= cot3x
= 2sin  6θ + 4θ  cos  6θ − 4θ 
= R. H. S.    - 2sinq cosq
 2   2 
= 2sin5qcosq - 2sinqcosq
sin 2 ∝ + sin 2 β tan ( ∝ + β )
ii) = = 2 cosq [sin5q -sinq]
sin 2 ∝ − sin 2 β tan ( ∝ − β )
Solution :   5θ + θ   5θ − θ 
= 2 cosq  2 cos   sin  
sin 2 ∝ + sin 2 β   2   2 
L.H.S. = sin 2 ∝ − sin 2 β
= 2 cosq.2cos3qsin2q
 2 ∝ +2 β   2 ∝ −2 β  = 4 cosqsin2qcos3q
2sin   cos  
 2   2 
= = R.H.S.
 2 ∝ + 2 β   2 ∝ − 2 β 
2cos   sin  
 2   2  cos3 xsin9 x − sinxcos5 x
iii) = tan8x
sin ( ∝ + β ) cos ( ∝ − β ) cosxcos5 x − sin3 xsin9 x
= .
cos ( ∝ + β ) sin ( ∝ − β ) Solution : L.H.S.
= tan (a + b ) . cot (a - b ) cos3 xsin9 x − sinxcos5 x
= cosxcos5 x − sin3 xsin9 x
tan ( ∝ + β )
=
tan ( ∝ − β ) 2cos3 xsin9 x − 2 sinxcos5 x
= 2cosxcos5 x − 2 sin3 xsin9 x
= R. H.S.
50
 [sin ( 3 x + 9 x ) − sin ( 3x − 9 x ) ]−[ sin ( x + 5 x ) + sin ( x − 5 x )]
= EXERCISE 3.4
cos ( x + 5 x ) + cos ( x − 5 x )  − cos ( 9 x − 3 x ) − cos ( 3 x + 9 x ) 

sin12 x − sin ( −6 x ) − sin6 x − sin ( −4 x ) 1) Express the following as a sum or difference

= of two trigonometric function.
cos 6 x + cos ( −4 x ) − cos 6 x + cos12 x
sin12 x + sin 6 x − sin6 x + sin4 x i) 2sin 4x cos 2x
= π
cos 6 x + cos 4 x − cos 6 x + cos12 x 2π
ii) 2sin cos
3 2
sin12 x + sin 4 x
= cos12 x + cos 4 x iii) 2cos4q cos2q
iv) 2cos35° cos75°
 12 x + 4 x   12 − 4 x 
2sin   cos  
 2   2  2) Prove the following :
=
 12 x + 4 x   12 x − 4 x 
2cos   cos(  sin 2 x + sin 2 y tan ( x + y )
 2   2  i) =
sin 2 x − sin 2 y tan ( x − y )
sin8 x
= = tan8x = R.H.S. ii) sin6x + sin 4x - sin2x = 4cosx sin2x cos3x
cos8 x
sinx − sin3 x + sin5 x − sin7 x
1 iii) = cot2x
iv) cos 20° cos 40° cos 60° cos 80° = 16 cosx − cos3 x − cos5 x + cos 7 x
Solution : L.H.S. iv) sin18° cos39° + sin6° cos15° = sin24° cos33°
1
= cos 20° cos 40° cos 60° cos 80° v) cos20° cos40° cos60° cos80° = 16
1 3
= cos 20° . cos 40° . . cos 80° vi) sin20° sin40° sin60° sin80° = 16
2
1
= [cos 20° cos 40° cos 80°]
2
1 Let's :Learn
= 4 [cos(20°+40°) + cos (20°- 40°)] cos 80°
1
= 4 [cos60°) + cos (- 20°)] cos 80° 3.5 Trigonometric functions of angles of a
triangle
1 1
= [ cos80° + cos 20° cos 80°]
4 2 Notation: In D ABC; m ∠ BAC = A,
1 1
= 4 [ cos80° + cos 20° cos 80°] m ∠ ABC = B, m ∠ ACB = C
2
1 1 1 ∴A+B+C= p
= 8 cos80° + . . 2cos 20° cos 80°
4 2
1 1 Result 1) In D ABC, A + B + C = p
= 8 cos80° + [cos (20 + 80 )+cos (20 - 80)] ∴A+B= p-C
8
1 1 ∴ sin (A + B) = sin (p - C)
= 8 cos80° + [cos 100° + cos (- 60)°]
8
∴ sin (A + B) = sin C
1 1 1
= 8 [cos80° + [cos 180° - 80°)] + 8 × 2
1 1 1 Simillarly:
= 8 [cos80° - cos 80°] + 16 = 16
sin (B + C) = sin A and
= R. H.S. sin (C + A) = sin B
51
Result 2) In DABC, A+B+C = p ii) In DABC, A+B+C = p ∴ B + C = p - B
∴ B + C = p - C A+C  π B B
∴ cos   = cos ( 2 - 2 ) = sin 2
∴ cos (B +C) = cos (p - A)  2 
A+C  B
∴ cos (B + C) = - cos A ∴ cos   = sin 2
 2 
Simillarly:
cos (A + B) = - cos C and Verify.
cos (C + A) = - cos B  A+ B  C
1) cos   = sin 2
 2 
Result 3) for any DABC
 B+C  A
2) cos   = sin 2
 A+ B  C  2 
i) sin   = cos 2
 2 
 B+C  A SOLVED EXAMPLES
sin   = cos 2
 2 
C + A B Ex. 1) In DABC prove that
sin   = cos
 2  2 i) sin2A + sin2B - sin2C = 4cosA cosB sinC
Solution : L.H.S. = sin2A + sin2B - sin2C
 A+ B  C
ii) cos   = sin 2  2 A − 2B 
 2   2 A + 2B 
= 2sin   cos   - sin2C
 2   2 
 B+C  A
cos   = sin 2 = 2sin(A + B) cos (A- B) -2sinC cosC
 2 
C + A B = 2sin (p-C) cos (A-B) - 2sinC cos [p - (A+B )]
cos  2
 = sin
2
  = 2sinC cos (A - B) + 2sinC cos(A+ B)

Proof. = 2sinC [cos (A - B) + cos(A+ B)

i) In DABC, A+B+C = p ∴ A +B = p - C A− B + A+ B   A− B − A− B 
= 2 sinC.2cos   cos  
 2   2 
 A+ B  π −C π C
∴   = = 2 - 2 = 4 sinC cosA cosB
 2  2
= 4 cosA cosB sinC
 A+ B  π C C
sin   = sin ( 2 - 2 ) = cos 2 = R.H.S.
 2 
 A+ B  C
sin   = cos 2 A B C
 2  ii) cosA+cosB + cosC =1+ 4sin 2 sin 2 sin 2

Verify. Solution : L.H.S = cosA + cosB + cosC

 B+C  A  A+ B 
= 2 cos   A − B  + 1 - 2 sin2 C
1) sin   = cos 2  cos   2
 2   2   2 
π C  C
 B+C  B = 2 cos  −  cos  A − B  + 1 - 2 sin2 2
2) cos   = sin 2 2 2
 2   2 
52
 C C
= 1+ 2 sin 2 cos  A − B  - 2 sin2 2 = cosC.2sin  A − B + A + B  sin  A + B − A + B 
 2   2   2 
= 2cosC sin A sin B
C   A− B  C
= 1+ 2 sin 2 cos   − sin  = 2 sin A sin B cos C
  2  2
= R. H.S.
C  A− B  π A+ B 
= 1+ 2 sin 2 [cos   − sin  − ] iv) cotA cot B + cot B cot + cot C cotA = 1
 2  2 2 
Solution : In DABC, A + B + C = p
C  A− B   A+ B  ∴ A+B =p - C
= 1+ 2 sin 2 [cos   − cos  ]
 2   2  ∴ tan ( A+ B ) = tan ( p - C)
C tanA + tanB
= 1+ 2 sin 2 .2sin  A − B + A + B  sin  A + B − A + B  ∴ = tan ( p - C)
 4   4  1 − tanA tanB
C A B ∴ tanA + tan B = - tanC + tanA tanB tanC
= 1+ 4 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
∴ tanA + tan B + tanC = tanA tanB tanC
A B C
= 1+ 4 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
∴ + + = . .
= R.H.S. cotA cotB cotC cotA cot B cotC
∴ cot A cot B + cotB cotC + cotC cotA = 1
iii) sin A + sin B - sin C = 2 sinA sinB cosC
2 2 2

Solution : L.H.S. = sin2A + sin2B - sin2C A B B C C A

v) tan 2 tan 2 + tan 2 tan 2 +tan 2 tan 2 =1
1 − cos 2 A 1 − cos 2 B
= + − sin 2C
2 2 Solution : In DABC, A + B + C = p
1
= 2 [2 - cos2A - cos2B] - sin2C A + B π −C π C
∴ A+B =p - C ∴ = =2-2
2 2
1 A B π C
= 1 - 2 [cos2A + cos2B] - sin2c tan ( 2 + 2 ) = tan ( 2 - 2 )

1  2 A + 2B   2 A − 2B  A B
= 1- 2 . 2 cos   cos   - sin2C tan + tan
 2  2  2 2 C
∴ = cot 2
A B
= 1 - sin2C - cos( A + B ) + cos (A- B) 1 − tan tan
2 2
= cos2C - cos [ p - C ] cos (A- B) A B
tan + tan 1
∴ 2 2 =
= cos2C + cosC cos (A- B) A B tan
C
1 − tan tan 2
= cos C [cosC + cos (A- B)] 2 2
A B C A B
∴ [tan 2 + tan 2 ] tan 2 =1 - tan 2 tan 2
= cos C [cos[ p - (A+B)] + cos (A- B)]
A C B C A B
= cos C [- cos (A+B ) + cos (A- B)] ∴ tan 2 tan 2 +tan 2 tan 2 =1-tan 2 tan 2
A C B C A B
= cos C [cos (A-B) - cos (A+ B)] ∴ tan 2 tan 2 +tan 2 tan 2 +tan 2 tan 2 =1
53
 cosA − cosB + cosC + 1 A C B A
vi) = cot 2 cot 2 2sin cos
cosA + cosB + cosC − 1 C 2 2
= cot 2 . A B
cosA − cosB + cosC + 1 2sin sin
Solution : L.H.S. = 2 2
cosA + cosB + cosC − 1
A
cos
[cosA − cosB ] + [1 + cosC ] = cot
C 2
= 2
[cosA + cos B ] − [1 − cos C ] sin
A
2
 A+ B   B − A 2 C C A
2sin   sin   + 2cos = cot cot
 2   2  2 2 2
=
 A + B   A − B   2 C 
2 cos   cos   +  −2sin  = R.H.S.
 2   2   2

π c   B− A 2 C
2sin  −  sin   + 2cos
 2 2  2  2 EXERCISE 3.5
=
 π c   A − B   2 C 
2 cos  −  cos   +  −2 sin 
 2 2  2   2 In DABC, A + B + C = p show that

C  B− A 2 C 1) cos2A + cos2 B + cos 2 C

2 cos sin   + 2cos
2  2  2 = -1- 4 cos A cos B cos C
= C  A− B  2 C
2sin cos   − 2 sin
2  2  2 2) sin A + sin B + sin C
A B C
C  B− A C = 4 cos 2 cos 2 cos 2
cos [sin   + cos ]
2  2  2
=
C  A− B  C 3) cos A + cos B - cosC
sin [cos   − sin A B C
2  2  2
= 4 cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 - 1
  A+ B   B − A 
 sin   + sin   4) sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2C = 2 + 2cosAcosBcosC
C   2   2 
= cot 2
 A− B  π A+ B
[cos   − sin ( − )] A B C
 2  2 2 5) sin2 2 + sin2 2 - sin2 2
A B C
 A+ B   B− A = 1- 2cos 2 cos 2 sin 2
sin   + sin  
C  2   2 
= cot 2  A− B  A+ B A B C A B C
cos   − cos ( ) 6) cot 2 +cot 2 +cot 2 =cot 2 cot 2 cot 2
 2  2
7) tan2A + tan2B + tan2C = tan2A tan2B tan2C
 A+B B−A   A+B B−A 
 +   − 
 2 2   2 2 
C 2sin cos 8) cos2 A +cos2 B - cos2C = 1- 2sinA sinB cosC
= cot 2 . 2 2
A−B A+B A+B A−B
 +   − 
2 sin 
2 
sin 
2 2 2 
2 2

54
 2 tan θ
14) sin2q = 2sinqcosq =
Let's Remember 1 + tan 2 θ
cos2q = cos2q - sin2q = 2cos2q - 1
1) cos ( A - B) = cosA cosB + sinA sinB 1 − tan 2θ
= 1 -2 sin2q =
1 + tan 2θ
2) cos ( A + B) = cosA cosB - sinA sinB
2tanθ
3) sin ( A + B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB tan 2q =
1 − tan 2θ
4) sin ( A - B) = sinA cosB - cosA sinB 15) sin 3q = 3 sin q - 4 sin3 q
π  π  cos 3q = 4cos3q - 3cosq
5) cos  − θ  = sinq , cos  − θ 
2  2  3tanθ − tan3θ
tan3q =
π  1 − 3tan 2θ
= sinq, tan  − θ  = cotq
2  θ
2 tan
16) sinq = 2sin θ cos θ = 2
π π
6) sin  + θ  = cosq, cos  + θ  2 2 θ
1 + tan 2
2  2  2
π
= - sinq , tan  + θ  = - cotq , cosq = cos2 θ - sin2 θ = 2cos2 θ - 1
2  2 2 2
θ
tanA + tanB 1 − tan 2
7) tan ( A + B) = = 1 - 2sin2 θ = 2
1 − tan AtanB θ
2 1 + tan 2

2
tanA − tanB θ
8) tan ( A - B) = 2tan
1 + tan AtanB 2
tanq =
θ
1 − tan 2
9) sin (p - q) = sinq, cos (p - q) 2
= - cos q, tan (p - q) = -tanq
17) 1 + cosq = 2cos2 θ , 1 - cosq = 2sin2 θ
10) sin (p + q) = - sinq, cos (p + q) 2 2
= - cos q tan (p+ q) = tanq 1 + cos2q = 2cos q, 1 - cos2q = 2sin q
2 2

3π  3π  C+D
11) sin  
− θ  = - cosq, cos  −θ  18) sin C + sinD = 2sin  C−D
 cos  
 2   2   2   2 
3π
= sinq, tan  
− θ  = cot q sin C - sinD = 2cos 
C+D C−D
 2   sin  2 
 2   
C+D C−D
 3π   3π  cos C + cosD = 2cos   cos  2 
12) sin  + θ  = - cos q, cos  +θ   2   
 2   2 
 3π  C+D C−D
= sinq, tan  + θ  = - cot q cos C − cosD = −2sin   sin  2 
 2   2   

13) sin (2p - q) = - sinq, cos (2p - q) cos C − cosD = 2 sin 

C+D  D −C 
 sin  
= cosq, tan (2p- q) = - tanq  2   2 
55
19) 2 sinA cosB = sin (A + B) + sin (A − B) π 5π
vii) tan15° = tan = 3 − 1 = cot75° = cot
2 cosA sinB = sin (A + B) − sin (A − B) 12 12
3 +1
2 cosA cosB = cos (A + B) + cos (A − B)
π
2 sinA sinB = cos (A − B) − cos (A + B) viii) tan75° = tan =2+ 3
12
π
20) For ∆ABC, = 3 + 1 = cot15° = cot
12
3 −1
sin (A + B) = sinC, sin (B + C) = sinA
π
sin (A + C) = sinB ix) tan(22.5°) = tan
8
3π
cos(A + B) = − cosC, cos (B + C) = − cosA = 2 - 1 = cot67.5 = cot
8
cos(A + C) = − cosB
3π
 A+ B  C  B+C  x) tan(67.5°) = tan
sin   = cos 2 , sin  8
 π
 2   2  = 2 + 1 = cot (22..5°) = cot
8
A  A+C  B
= cos 2 , sin   = cos 2
 2 

 A+ B  C  B+C  MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE - 3

cos   = sin 2 , cos  
 2   2 
A B I) Select correct option from the given
A+C 
= sin 2 , cos   = sin 2 alternatives.
 2 
1) The value of sin (n+1) Asin (n+2) A +cos
Activity :
(n+1) A cos (n+2) A is equal to
Verify the following.
A) sin A B) cosA C) − cos A D) sin2A
π 5 −1 2π
i) sin18° = sin = = cos 72° = cos 2) If tan A − tan B = x and cot B − cotA = y
10 4 5
then cot (A − B ) = …
π 5 +1  3π 
ii) cos36° = cos = = sin 54° = sin   1 1 1 1
5 4  10  A) − B) −
y x x y
2π 10 + 2 5 π 1 1 xy
iii) sin72° = sin = = cos18° = cos C) + D)
5 4 10 x y x−y

2π 10 − 2 5 3π 3) If sinq = nsin (q + 2 a) then tan (q + a)

iv) sin36° = sin = = cos54° = cos
5 4 10 is equal to
π 3 −1 5π 1+ n
v) sin15° = sin = = cos75° = cos 1− n
12 2 2 12 A) tan a B) tan a
2−n 1+ n
π 3 +1 5π
vi) cos15° = cos = = sin75° = sin 1+ n
12 2 2 12 C) tan a D) tan a
1− n
56
 cos θ 10) The numerical value of tan200 tan800 cot500
4) The value of is equal to……
1 + sin θ is equal to…..
1
π θ A) 3 B) C) 2 3 D) 1
A) tan  θ − π  B) tan  − − 
   4 2
3 2 3
2 4
π θ  II) Prove the following.
C) tan  π − θ  D) tan  + 
 4 2  4 2
1) tan20° tan80° cot50° = 3

5) The value of cosA cos (60° − A)cos (60° +A) 2) If sin a sinβ − cos a cos β + 1= 0
is equal to….. then prove cot a tan β = −1
1
A) cos 3A B) cos 3A 2π 4π 8π 16π 1
2 3) cos cos cos cos =
1 15 15 15 15 16
C) cos 3A D) 4cos3A
4
π 3π  5π   7π  1
4) (1+ cos 8 ) (1 + cos ) 1 + cos   1 + cos  =
6) The value of
8  8  8  8

π 3π 5π 7π 9π 11π 13π 1
sin sin sin sin sin sin sin
is .... 5) cos12°+ cos 84° + cos 156° + cos132° = −
14 14 14 14 14 14 14
2
1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D) 256 π  π 
16 64 128 6) cos  + x  + cos  − x  = 2 cos x
4  4 
7) If a + β + ϰ = π then the value of 7) sin5 x − 2 sin3 x + sinx = tanx
sin2 a + sin2 β-sin2 ϰ is equal to….. cos5 x − cosx
8) sin2 6x − sin2 4x = sin2x sin10x
A) 2sina B) 2sina cos β sinϰ
C) 2sin a sinβcosϰ D) 2sin a sinβsinϰ 9) cos2 2 x − cos2 6 x = sin4x sin8x

π 10) cot4x ( sin5x + sin3x) = cot x (sin5 x − sin3x)

8) Let 0 < A, B < satisfying the equation
2
11) cos9 x − cos5 x = −
3sin2 A +2sin2 B =1 and 3sin2 A − 2sin2 B = 0 sin 2 x
sin17 x − sin3 x cos10 x
then A+2B is equal to....
π π 12) If sin 2A = λsin 2 B then prove that
A) π B) C) D) 2π
2 4 tan ( A + B )
= λ +1
9) In∆ABC if cot A cot B cotC > 0 tan ( A − B ) λ −1
then the triangle is….
2cos 2 A + 1
13) = tan(60° + A) tan ( 60° − A)
A) Acute angled B) right angled 2cos 2 A − 1
C) obtuse angled 14) tan A+tan (60° + A)+tan (120° + A)= 3tan3A
D) isosceles right angled 15) 3tan610° - 27 tan410° + 33tan210° = 1

57
16) cosec 48° + cosec 96° +
5 −1
cosec 192° + cosec 384° = 0 23) sin18° =
4
17) 3(sinx - cosx)4 + 6(sin x + cosx)2 + 24) cos36° = 5 +1
4 (sin6 x + cos6 x) = 13 4

18) tan A + 2 tan2A + 4tan4A + 8cot 8A = cotA 25) sin36° = 10  2 5

4
3π
19) If A + B + C = then cos2A + πc 1
2 26) sin = 2− 2
cos2B + cos2C = 1 − 4sinAsinBsinC 8 2
π
20) In any triangle ABC, sin A − cosB = cosC 27) tan = 2 -1
8
then ∠ B = π/2
28) tan6° tan42° tan66° tan78° = 1
3 3
21) tan x cot x = secxcosecx−2sinx cosx 29) sin47° + sin 61° − sin11° − sin25° = cos7°
+
1 + tan x 1 + cot 2 x
2

30) 3 cosec20° − sec20° = 4

3 2π
22) sin20° sin40° sin80° = 31) In ∆ABC, ∠ C = then prove that
8 3
3
cos2 A + cos2 B − cosAcosB =
4

58