8. Motion Check Point 01 1. Question Write the SI unit of the both distance and displ Answer Displacement refers to the measure of the shortest path between any two points whereas distance is the measurement of path between two points. The SI unit of both distance and displacement is meter (m). 2. Question State whether displacement is a scalar or a vector quantity. Answer Displacement is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction. 3. Question What is the displacement of a satellite when it makes a complete round along its circular path? Answer Displacement along a circular path is zero as the final and the initial points meet each other that is both the points are same. 4. Question In which one of the following cases will the distance covered and the magnitude of the displacement are not the same? Justify. (i) A passenger in a train travels from Delhi to Kolkata. (ii) A raindrop falling in still air. (ii) An athlete completes one lap ina race.Answer (iii) An athlete completes one lap ina race As the track is circular, the displacement would be zero but distance will be equal to the circumference of the track. 5. Question After studying the motion of a ball rolling on a straight line as shown in the figure. ke 2m) R Q k————— 10m ———— Find its distance and displacement covered. (i) when it rolls from P to Q and then to R (i.e, P to Q to R) (ii) Finally comes back to P (ie, P to P)(take, P as reference point). Answer (@ Distance would be PQ+QR = 12m whereas displacement is path PR= 8m as displacement is the shortest distance between two points. (ii) in this case displacement is zero as initial and final point is same but distance would be PQ+QP= 20m. Check Point 02 1. Question Define average speed, write any one point of difference between average speed and average velocity. Answer Average speed of the object in an interval of time is the distance travelled by the object divided by the duration of interval of time. Average speed is a scalar quantity while average velocity is a vector quantity. 2, Question The maximum speed of a train is 80 km/h. It takes 10 h to cover a distance of 400 km. Find the ratio of its maximum speed to its average speed.Answer Maximum speed = 80 km/hr Average speed = _400km 110 br = 40 km/hr Ratio = Maximum speed _ 90 km/hr ‘atio =~ erage speed 40 km/hr 3. Question Which of the two can be zero under certain conditions: average speed of a moving body or average velocity of a moving body? Answer Average speed is a scalar quantity and hence it cannot be zero but average velocity is a vector quantity and it can be zero if the object is moving in a circular path. 4. Question (@ Give two factors on which acceleration depends. (ii)Mention the formula and SI unit of acceleration, Answer (i) Acceleration depends on the change in the velocity and the time taken by the object to travel. (ii) Acceleration = 5 time taken (®) SI unit of acceleration is meter per second square (m/s”, 5. Question Fill in the blanks. @. .is the term used for negative acceleration. (ii) A bus starting from rest attains a velocity of 54 km/h in 60 s, its acceleration isAnswer (i) Retardation is the term used for negative acceleration. Explanation: If the velocity of an object is decreasing, itis said to have negative acceleration. (ii) A bus starting from rest attains a velocity of 54 km/h in 60 s, its acceleration is 0.25 m/s¢, Explanation: initial velocity = 0 time = 60 secs 54x 1000 final velocity = 54 km/hr = *$=22°2 m/s Acceleration = “22282 2 velocity ‘ime taken _ final velocity (v)~ initial velocity(u) * time taken (f) = 155" °- 0.25 m/s? 60 secs Check Point 03 1. Question If the distance-time graph of a particle is parallel to time axis, then how much is the velocity of the particle? Answer Displacement time —> The velocity of the particle will be zero because the distance is constant and the time is increasing and this will happen only when the particle is stationary. 2. Question In the figure below is shown the time-distance graph of cyclist.Find out from the graph average speed in the whole journey. Answer Total distance covered Average speed = 2 Total time taken 20m °m/s=10 m/s +10 m/s = 20 m/s 2secs 3, Question Give one similarity and one dissimilarity between the two graph y y. §| 2 3 sf Oo” Time) * oTmea * Answer imilarity is that both the graphs shows uniform acceleration and dissimilarity is that in the first graph the object starts from rest, whereas in the second graph the object has some initial velocity. 4, Question What is the value of acceleration in the following graph: gs 30: 20 Velocity (rns) 0% 0% Tiene (8) —> Answer‘The acceleration would be the area under the graph, vizw_(0-s0)m/s Acceleration = 1.25 m/s? 5. Question Given figures represent the motion of two objects P and Q. Which of the objects has positive acceleration and which one has negative acceleration? 6 z s : 3 ol oO Timeis) ° Time (s)° Answer Graph P is having negative acceleration as the time velocity is decreasing and finally comes to rest which shows retardation whereas Graph Q represents positive acceleration as the time is increasing velocity is also increasing. nereasing, 6. Question Velocity-time graphs of two objects P and Q are as given below: {2 f 0 E} E 2° = Bs Phd 8 S, ptt 2 a a ; Time (s)——> Time (s)——> (9 Which object starts from rest? (i)Which object has more velocity after 5 s? Answer(i The object in Graph Q starts from rest as when time is zero, velocity is also zero. (ii) Graph P will have more velocity after 5 secs as from the graphs we can infer that in Graph P after 5 secs the velocity is 14 m/s whereas in Graph Q the velocity reaches 12 m/s. Both the graph shows uniform acceleration but object in graph P has an initial velocity of 2 m/s and object in graph Q starts from rest. Check Point 04 1. Question A body is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s. Ifit starts acceleration with the rate of 2.5 m/s®. Find out its velocity after 10s. Answer Using the first equation of motion: v = u + at where: v = final velocity u= initial velocity = 10 m/s a= acceleration = 2.5 m/s? time = 10s v=10 m/s +2.5 m/s* x 10s = 10+25 m/s = 35 m/s 2, Question Ifa car travels 50 m distance in 4s with a acceleration of 5 m/s”, then what was its initial speed? Answer Using the second equation of motion: s = ut + i at? where: s = distance covered =50 m u= initial velocity =? a= acceleration = 5 m/s t=time = 4s 2 s=ut+=at? 21 ux4s+5x5x4? 50 =ux4s +40 50-40 =ux4s 10=ux4s u=*2m/s=25 m/s 3. Question A cyclist is moving with a speed of 14 m/s, He starts accelerating with a rate of 6 m/s* and acquired the speed of 18 m/s. Calculate, what distance did he move in acquiring that speed? Answer Using the third equation of motio’ as where: s = distance covered =? v= final velocity = 18 m/s u = initial velocity = 14 m/s a= acceleration = 6 m/s? 187-142 = XOX S 324-196 = 12 x st2 2 s=10.67m 4, Question A bus is moving with a speed 72 km/h can be stopped by brakes after at least 10 m. What will be the minimum stopping distance, if the same bus is moving at a speed of 144 km/h? Answer We have to first find the retardation. Using the third equation of motion: vas where: s = distance covered = 10 m v= final velocity = 0 m/s (brakes are applied so that buscomes to rest) u= initial velocity = 72 km/ h=20m/s a= acceleration = ? m/s? as 0-207 =2xax10 -400 =20xa 40c —S=a 20 a= -20 m/s* Now, u = initial velocity = 144 km/h = 40 m/s s= distance covered = 2? m v = final velocity = 0 m/s ( brakes are applied so that bus comes to rest) a= acceleration = -20 m/s* Using the third equation of motion: v? - as 0-402 =2-20xs -1600 = -40 xs 1600 =40 s=40m 5. Question What do you understand by a uniform circular motion? AnswerUniform circular motion is defined as the motion of an object ina circle at a constant speed. As an object moves in a circle, it is constantly changing its direction. In all instances, the object is moving tangentially to the circle, For example an artificial satellite moving along its axis around the earth, the car taking a curve ina circular track. Chapter Exercise 1. Question If the acceleration of the particle is constant in magnitude but not in direction, then what type of path does the particle follow? Answer The particle is moving in a circular path because at every point the direction is changing along the path and is always tangential to the circular path, 2. Question What does the path of an object look like when it is in uniform motion? Answer Uniform Motion means that the object covers the equal distance in equal interval of time that is the speed is constant, So path can be straight or curved but the magnitude remains the same, 3, Question The velocity of a body increases by 10 m/s in every one second. What physical quantity does the body represent and what is its magnitude? Answer The given quantity represents change of velocity per unit time that is acceleration and its magnitude is 10 m/s. 4. Question Area under the velocity-time graph line is 40 m. What physical quantity does this area represent? Answer The area under the velocity time graph gives the displacement of the object and its value is 40 m.