Good Hope School
Secondary 1 ICT
Basics of Computer Systems
Kailey Cheung 2
Name : ________________________( ) 1E1
Class : _______ Date : ____________
Input-Process-Output
Computers are machines that accept input, work on it in some way, and produce an output.
Input Process Output
You enter 1 + 1 = into The computer takes the input “2” is shown on the screen.
the computer. and processes it into an output.
The computer sends an output
to tell the monitor to show “2”.
Identify the nature (input / process / output) of the following stages of posting a photo on Instagram.
Applying filters, Adjusting The photo is posted. Take the photo with the camera
brightness, Cropping, etc. of the phone.
process output input
What are the input, process and output of searching information by a search engine?
Input :
Process :
Output :
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Computer Hardware and Software
A computer system consists of h___________
ardware and s__________.
oftware They cannot be used alone.
The physical part of a computer is called h____________.
ardware
Computer programs and the related data are referred as s_____________.
oftware
Programs and CPU
Computer themselves will not do anything if no instruction is given.
A sequence of instructions that a computer can follow is called a program. Programs instruct
the computer to complete a specific task.
Programs are stored in permanent storage devices (e.g. hard disks) of a computer.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer reads and runs the programs. It receives
input and produces output by running the program.
Input CPU Output
A CPU needs space for holding temporary data (just like a rough work sheet for doing math)
during the running of a program. Such temporary data is stored in the main memory.
The CPU acts as the “brain” of a computer.
Can you briefly describe the program in a drink vending machine?
Step 1: Wait until a customer _________________________________________________
inserts coins/tap octopus card
Step 2: If _________________________,
the amount is enough allow the customer to ______________________
choose their drink
Step 3: ___________________________________________________________________
cause the drink to fall down
Stored Data
In the previous activity, the vending machine has to know the prices of the drinks. Price is an
example of computer data.
Data is stored in permanent storage devices of a computer.
Data can be changed without changing the program of the computer.
(e.g. When adjusting the prices of the drinks, the program can remain the same)
* Main memory is also a storage device but it is not for permanent storage.
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Common Hardware Devices
Write down the names of these common hardware devices:
usb Keyboard
Mouse Printer dvd drive
scanner wireless router hard disk
speaker microphone
Hardware can be classified into four categories. They are input device, output device,
storage device and communication device.
Identify the functions of each category.
Input Device stores the data, programs, information for future use.
Output Device communicates with other computers.
Storage Device allows users to enter data and commands into a computer.
Communication presents the information in a form that humans understand.
Device
Identify the category of each computer hardware device should belong to.
Input Device Keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner
Output Device Printer,
moniter, speaker
Storage Device hard disk, dvd drive, usb flash drive
Communication Device
wireless router
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Don’t judge by the size! Smart watches and wearable tracking bands are also computer
systems. Can you identify the input and output devices within them?
Input Devices (give 3): Processing and storage Output Devices (give 2):
components inside the
machine
microphone speaker
touch screen touch screen
Arduino and Other Development Boards
Development boards like the Arduino are small-sized, low-cost computer systems.
Arduino Raspberry Pi Micro:Bit
Sensors and actuators can be connected to these boards. Programs can be written so that
they can perform tasks using the sensors and actuators.
Sensors
(__________)
input
Moisture Sensor Touch Sensor
Actuators
(__________)
output
Servo Motor Relay
These boards are designed for users to create new smart devices or simple robots.
(* A relay is required to control the light bulb.)
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Pins on the Arduino
There are different pins on the Arduino board for connecting different components.
These pins give out electric current to the components attached; or detect electric current
from them.
Digital Pins 0-13
(For connecting input and output
devices)
Ground Pins (GND)
(For completing the circuit)
CPU &
Main Memory
Analog Pins A0-A5
(For connecting input and output
devices)
3.3V and 5V Power Supply
(For powering components connected
to the board)
Other Forms of Arduino
Arduino is available in different dimensions and slightly different capabilities.
The LilyPad Arduino is designed for making wearable devices. Used together with
conductive thread, it can be sewn to fabric so you can create some “smart clothing”.
Turn signal jacket for cyclists Cap with an LED unicorn horn
LilyPad Arduino
(Made with the LilyPad) (Made with the LilyPad)
References
Kate Donkin – Inside the Computer
Brian Stevens – Beginning Arduino Programming
Arduino Project Hub ([Link]
Arduino Documentation ([Link]
End
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