INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL
ENGINEERING DATA
ANALYSIS
©2017 Batangas State University
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CHAPTER 1 – OBTAINING DATA
Introduction
Statistics may be defined as the science that deals with the collection, organization,
presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data in order be able to draw judgments or
conclusions that help in the decision-making process. The two parts of this definition
correspond to the two main divisions of Statistics. These are Descriptive Statistics
and Inferential Statistics. Descriptive Statistics, which is referred to in the first part of
the definition, deals with the procedures that organize, summarize and describe
quantitative data. It seeks merely to describe data. Inferential Statistics, implied in the
second part of the definition, deals with making a judgment or a conclusion about a
population based on the findings from a sample that is taken from the population.
CHAPTER 1 – OBTAINING DATA
Statistical Terms
Before proceeding to the discussion of the different methods of obtaining data, let us have first definition
of some statistical terms:
Population or Universe refers to the totality of objects, persons, places, things used in a particular
study. All members of a particular group of objects (items) or people (individual), etc. which are subjects
or respondents of a study.
Sample is any subset of population or few members of a population.
Data are facts, figures and information collected on some characteristics of a population or sample.
These can be classified as qualitative or quantitative data.
Ungrouped (or raw) data are data which are not organized in any specific way. They are simply the
collection of data as they are gathered.
Grouped Data are raw data organized into groups or categories with corresponding frequencies.
Organized in this manner, the data is referred to as frequency distribution.
CHAPTER 1 – OBTAINING DATA
Parameter is the descriptive measure of a characteristic of a population
Statistic is a measure of a characteristic of sample
Constant is a characteristic or property of a population or sample which is common to all members of
the group.
Variable is a measure or characteristic or property of a population or sample that may have a number
of different values. It differentiates a particular member from the rest of the group. It is the
characteristic or property that is measured, controlled, or manipulated in research. They differ in many
respects, most notably in the role they are given in the research and in the type of measures that can
be applied to them.
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Levels Of Measurement
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Levels Of Measurement
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Levels Of Measurement
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Levels Of Measurement
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Levels Of Measurement
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TYPES OF DATA
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HOW TO DETERMONE THE SIZE OF THE SAMPLE:
CHAPTER 1 – OBTAINING DATA
PROBLEM NO 1:
A group of researcher will conduct a survey to find out the opinion of residents of a
particular community regarding the use of whitening soap. If there are 20,000
residents in the community and the researchers plan to use a sample using a 10%
margin of error, what should be the sample size?
CHAPTER 1 – OBTAINING DATA
CHAPTER 1 – OBTAINING DATA
CHAPTER 1 – OBTAINING DATA
CHAPTER 1 – OBTAINING DATA
CHAPTER 1 – OBTAINING DATA
CHAPTER 1 – OBTAINING DATA