MATHEMATICS IN THE
MODERN WORLD
SEQUENCES
SEQUENCE
A number sequence is a set of numbers that follow
a particular pattern or rule to get from term to
term.
TYPES OF SEQUENCES
Arithmetic sequences
Geometric sequences
Quadratic sequences
Special sequences
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES
An arithmetic sequence is an ordered set of
numbers that have a common difference
between each term.
If we add or subtract by the same number
each time to make the sequence, it is
an arithmetic sequence.
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES
Example 1: sequence with a term rule of +3
4, 7, 10, 13, 16, …
We add three to the first term to give the next
term in the sequence, and then repeat this to
generate the sequence.
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES
Example 2:sequence with a term rule of -1
5, 4, 3, 2, 1, …
We subtract 1 from the first term to give the next
term in the sequence, and then repeat this to
generate the sequence.
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES
Example :
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES
A geometric sequence is an ordered set of numbers
that progresses by multiplying or dividing each
term by a common ratio.
If we multiply or divide by the same number each
time to make the sequence, it is a geometric
sequence.
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES
Example 1: sequence with a term rule of x2
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, …
We multiply the first term by 2 to give the next
term in the sequence, and then repeat this to
generate the sequence.
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES
Example 2: sequence with a term rule of ÷2
20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, …
We divide the first term by 2 to give the next term
in the sequence, and then repeat this to generate
the sequence.
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES
Example :
QUADRATIC SEQUENCES
A quadratic sequence is an ordered set of
numbers that follow a rule based on the
sequence n2 = 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, … (the
square numbers).
The difference between each term is not
equal, but the second difference is.
QUADRATIC SEQUENCES
Example 1: sequence with common difference of +2
4, 7, 12, 19, 28, …
We find the first difference of the sequence and
then find the term to term rule for the second
difference. The second difference will always be
the same for quadratic sequences.
QUADRATIC SEQUENCES
Example :
SPECIAL SEQUENCES
You will need to be able to recognize some
important special sequences.
SPECIAL SEQUENCES
Example 1: square numbers
A square number is the result when a number
is multiplied by itself.
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, …
nth term = 𝑛2
SPECIAL SEQUENCES
Example 2: cube numbers
A cube number is the result when a number is
multiplied by itself three times.
1, 8, 27, 64, 125,…
nth term = 𝑛3
SPECIAL SEQUENCES
Example 3: triangular numbers
𝑛(𝑛+1)
𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 =
2
SPECIAL SEQUENCES
Example 4: Fibonacci numbers
This specific sequence was named after an Italian mathematician
Leonardo Pisano Bigollo/Leonardo Bonacci (1170 - 1250).
SPECIAL SEQUENCES
Example 4: Fibonacci numbers
First and second terms:
we start at 0, 1
0 + 1 = 1, so the third term is 1.
Sequence: 0, 1, 1
SPECIAL SEQUENCES
Example 4: Fibonacci numbers
Fourth term:
1 + 1 = 2
Sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2
SPECIAL SEQUENCES
Example 4: Fibonacci numbers
Fifth term:
1 + 2 = 3
Sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
The location of the term was conventionally
tagged as Fib(n). This means that Fib(1)=1,
Fib (2)=1, Fib(3)=2, and Fib(4)=3.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
Example 4: Fibonacci numbers
We continue to follow the pattern to generate an
infinite sequence.
Fibonacci Sequence: 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,…
The Fibonacci sequence forms a spiral that is seen throughout
nature.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
The amazing grandeur of Fibonacci sequence
was also discovered in the structure of
Golden rectangle. The Golden rectangle is
made up of squares whose sizes, surprisingly
is also behaving in similar to the Fibonacci
sequence.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE