CULTURE

IN
WORKPL
ACE
AROUND
EUROPE
SUBMITTED BY GROUP 2:
Antolin, Angela Cayle
Arellano, Neishane
Bruan, Jerica
Condes, Antoinette
Regencia, Dreysey Helena
Renegin, Cristine Reena
 Ricafort, Brandon
Sunga, Edison
Ulan, Ralph
Valero, Allysa

TABLE OF
CONTENTS
SWEDEN Antolin, Angela Cayle

BELGUIM Arellano, Neishane Ann

GERMANY Condes, Antoinette

ITALY Regencia, Dreysey Helena

SWITZERLAND Renegin, Cristine Reena

SPAIN Ricafort, Brandon

FRANCE Sunga, Edison

ICELAND Ulan, Ralph Lauren

UNITED KINGDOM Regencia, Dreysey Helena

MONACO Bruan, Jerica

Angela Cayle Antolin

SWEDEN

The Swedish workplace-culture

Have coffee with the manager, wear jeans to work and leave earlier to pick up the kids? Some things
that are obvious to Swedes can become a culture clash for anyone who just moved here.

You’ve taken your first step into the Swedish labor market and landed your first employment. Which
is great! However, in order to be happy at your new workplace and be able to do your best job, it’s important
that you understand the culture in the workplace. Of course there are differences between organizations, but
there are many common denominators that generally characterize most Swedish companies.

Hierarchy – no thanks

In many countries it’s not always okay to contact whoever you want directly if you have a question.
Swedes, on the other hand, are neither hierarchical nor particularly formal. Therefore, you turn to the person
in the office you think has the answer, regardless the position they have. It wouldn’t be strange to go directly
to the marketing manager, instead of turning to an assistant first, for example. For many who come from other
cultures, talking to a manager directly can be both difficult and uncomfortable, but in Sweden it’s just natural.

In Sweden there is no culture with assistants at different levels. And if there is an assistant, that role
is usually tied to a department, rather than to a person. Although, there may be a marketing assistant, but
rarely an assistant to the marketing manager.

Another expression of the flat organizational model that characterizes many Swedish workplaces is
that it’s often not possible to see visible signs of hierarchies. In the US you can easily see where the boss is,
as they have the largest room with the best view. In Sweden you can pass someone sitting with a laptop on
the sofa and maybe think that it’s a trainee, when in fact it can just as easily be the company’s CEO.

Lunch and Fika – yes please

Lunch and especially the “fika” culture is strong in Sweden. For the most part, there is a more or less
organized fika-break both in the morning and in the afternoon. It’s absolutely not compulsory to participate in
the joint break, but if you’re always absent you quickly fall behind socially, which then could also affect you
job-wise. Many work-related issues are dealt with during the fika-break, even if the conversations are mixed
with more private talk.

At lunch, no one raises an eyebrow if you slip away to run some private errands- but don’t do it
every day. Just like the fika, the lunch is an opportunity to create cohesion and an opportunity to meet people
you do not work as closely with as you do in your own department. Often managers and employees eat
together.

Is the coffee brewer in the lunch room empty? Then reload it – and win the hearts of all your
colleagues.

Lunch Box

What do you eat for lunch? Sometimes you might go out to eat or you simply go buy some take-away
that you bring back to the office. But most common is often to bring a lunch box – yesterday’s leftovers or
food cooked just to be brought to work. Here, too, is the lack of a clear hierarchy: the manager can also carry
a lunch box. And would the manager ask any of the staff members to run out and get lunch, it would probably
be perceived as more or less as rude – unless the manager ran out and got everyone lunch next time!

After Work Drinks

Many companies have some kind of “after-work-drink-culture” (which is simply called AW) or other
activities that are carried out outside working hours. Therefore, it’s obviously voluntary to join. However,
there is an implied expectation that you will participate, at least occasionally.
Dress Code

Each organization can have its own clothing policy and it differs greatly from industry to industry
and between different professional roles. But overall it’s a very casual attire that applies in Swedish
workplaces. If you would describe the general dress code in most offices, jeans and a shirt would be the
standard, rather than suit.

Office Environment

The environment in a Swedish workplace is often a bit more vibrant than in many other countries.
Maybe someone is playing music in a corner, while some others are chatting. The tense mood that can be felt
in workplaces in many other cultures is not as common here.

Private and Personal

Swedes are not super personal at work. At the same time, many talk a lot about things that belongs to
the private sphere. It’s also not considered strange if you sometimes bring your kids to work, if your partner
comes by to say hi, or if you bring with you a good friend to the afterwork drinks. You basically share what
you would normally share on social media – your personal life, but not your private life (and by the way, it’s
ok to follow your colleagues on Instagram).

Order and Structure

While the Swedes are often perceived as quite relaxed, paradoxically, they are also perceived as
stiff. Swedes like structure, order and readiness. Many Swedish companies has a habit of documenting things,
setting routines and writing policies for how things should work. While, Swedes are not formal, they like to
formalize.

Working Hours

In many cultures, you should preferably be at work before the boss and not leave until the boss has
left. That attitude is not very common in Sweden. If you are new, and work during the lunch break and
remain late in the evening, you are more likely to be perceived as unsocial and over ambitious. Many
organizations also have some kind of flex hours.

Often you are not only given permission to, but are encouraged, to leave early if you have children
that needs to be picked up from school or daycare. This also applies to people in managing positions.

At the same time, the work ethic is high in Sweden: most managers have a great deal of confidence in
their employees, the employer trusts that they do the job they are set to do.

The Consensus Culture

Decisions in Swedish organizations are primarily made with some form of consensus. In Sweden,
people want everyone to participate and decisions are often made by the whole group. A Swedish decision-
making meeting often ends with a “then we say so” – and then you really mean it. As a newcomer, you
shouldn’t expect someone in a higher position than you to give you strict orders, it’s more of a mutual
agreement on what should be done and by who. You are also expected to come up with suggestions, ideas and
take initiatives, even outside your own area of work.
Language

Is it okay to speak English or do I have to learn Swedish? Some organizations have English as a
formal language and then it’s obvious that English is the workplace language too.

Swedes are also generally good at English. Therefore, it’s easy to think that you don’t have to make
the effort to learn Swedish. However, much of the interaction in a workplace takes place in the informal
contexts, such as over lunch or when it’s time for fika. If you don’t learn the language then it might be
difficult to keep up with the small talks. And should the colleagues feel bad for leaving you out and switch to
English, it might not be the same type of relaxed and personal conversations

Railhae Neishane V. Arellano

Belgium
 Belgium is a destination for exciting job opportunities and great work-life balance, where 4-day work
weeks and flex-time have become the norm. No wonder more than 220,000 expats moved to Belgium to boost their
careers!

But did you know that business cultures in Belgium vary greatly depending on the region, industry and
company itself? Not only will you see different mindsets but also different business etiquette across Belgium.

So, before you get down to applying for your dream job, make sure to do some research on the company.
That way, you’ll know what company fits your personality and how to behave when interviewing for a position.

As for general rules and tips, we’ve got you covered

1. Understand the difference between Belgian linguistic groups

Before anything else, learn about the Belgian culture and linguistic divide. That’s essential if you plan
to move to Belgium. And even more so if you’re going to look for a job at a Belgian company.
For instance, Flemings are slightly less hierarchical than Walloons. Flemish workers prefer leaders
who consider their opinions and delegate tasks. In contrast, Walloons believe in a strict hierarchy. The relations
between managers and subordinates are very formal and the management team makes all decisions without
consulting with others.

Someone’s job title and the office size signify importance for Walloons, while Flemings find a good salary
more valuable than status.

2. Shake hands when greeting

When meeting Belgians for the first time or in a formal context, greet them with a gentle, brief handshake.
Accompany it with your name and a ‘nice to meet you.’ Bonus points if you say that in their language; enchanté in
French or aangenaam in Dutch.
When you know someone well, you may greet them with 1 cheek kiss (Flemish Belgians) or 3 kisses
(Francophones). Though, many Flemings might prefer a handshake. It’s a safe bet to let the Belgian lead, to avoid
confusion.

3. Address people by their full name

When conducting business, Belgians typically use the formal pronoun vous/u to address each other. Don’t
use the informal tu/je or the first names, unless suggested. Instead, stick to Monsieur/Madame in French
or Meneer/Mevrouw in Dutch and their last name. Otherwise, go for English versions such as Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms.

4. Avoid sensitive topics

While small talk is a good way to ease into a business meeting, read the room and avoid sensitive topics.
Conversations about politics, earnings, religion, racial minorities, and appearance might be considered rude.
Especially avoid any discussions about the Flemish and Walloon conflict and negative sentiments about their
linguistic divisions and the country.
 Safe topics to talk about during a work meeting could be culture, food, drink and sports. It could score you
bonus points to demonstrate your knowledge of Belgium, but do so gently and see if they’re interested in the
discussion. Always be modest and don’t try to show off.

“Keep in mind that Flemish might be a bit more straightforward than Walloons. They often prefer to keep
small talk to a minimum.”

5. Keep private life and work separate

Belgians are known for their good work-life balance, which often means that they don’t mix business with
their private life. So, avoid discussing your personal affairs during business meetings and don’t call your Belgian
colleagues outside working hours. In fact, for employers, calling their subordinates in their off-time is illegal!
Drinks after work aren’t very common. And if you do meet up with your colleagues for a beer,
the conversations can be anything but work-related.

6. Schedule meetings in advance and be punctual

In Belgium, punctuality is key. You should always schedule meetings at least a few days in advance and
come on time. If you’re delayed, make sure you call with an explanation and an estimate of your arrival.

7. Provide logical reasoning for your ideas

According to Hofstede insights, Belgium has relatively high-power distance and very high uncertainty
avoidance indexes. This means that Belgians need a lot of structure and hierarchy, and it takes a great deal of time to
implement a change within a company. Belgians can be reserved and hesitant to new ideas. They need to engage in
long, considerate discussions before reaching a consensus.
When negotiating or suggesting ideas, always back up your suggestions with facts and logical
reasoning. Have some patience and don’t let your emotions get in the way. Although Flemings tend to be more
direct than Walloons, both might consider the confrontational and passionate approach as rude. Diplomacy,
compromise, and conflict avoidance are some of the intrinsic Belgian traits.

8. Don’t bring gifts for business meetings

In some cultures, it’s pretty normal to send gifts to a partner or client. However, it’s not as common in
Belgium and might make your business associates feel uncomfortable.
But if you really want to bring a small treat from your home country, you can. Just make sure your gift is
very modest and doesn’t contain your company logo or business card.
 Many Belgian companies give their employees end-of-the-year gifts as a sign of appreciation. It’s polite to
open the gift straight away and say ‘thank you’, of course.

9. Hold back on your body language

Belgians are quite reserved in their body language too. It’s polite to maintain eye contact and smile, but
keep physical gestures to a minimum.
As in any culture, certain things will be regarded particularly rude. So, to avoid misunderstanding, follow
these simple rules:

 don’t keep your hands in your pockets when talking to someone

 don’t snap your fingers to get someone’s attention

 don’t point with your index finger

 don’t use the OK sign (where you make a circle with your index finger and thumb), show
thumbs up instead

 take off your sunglasses when talking to someone

Antoinette B. Condes

GERMANY

1. Punctuality and Precision: Germans are known for their punctuality and meticulous attention to detail. Being on
time is not just a social norm; it's a fundamental aspect of professional etiquette. Meetings, deadlines, and
appointments are expected to be adhered to with precision. Arriving late or failing to meet deadlines is considered
disrespectful and unprofessional.

2. Work-Life Balance: While Germans are diligent workers, they also value their work-life balance. The
"Feierabend" concept, which translates to "end of work," is deeply ingrained in German culture. Employees are
encouraged to disconnect from work after their working hours and enjoy their personal lives. This commitment to
work-life balance contributes to employee well-being and job satisfaction.

3. Hierarchy and Formality: German workplaces often maintain a hierarchical structure, with clear lines of
authority. Respect for authority and formal titles is customary. Addressing colleagues and superiors by their titles
and last names, such as "Herr" for Mr. or "Frau" for Mrs./Ms., is the norm until a more informal relationship is
established. Decisions are typically made through a structured process involving consultations and approvals from
higher-ups.

4. Thoroughness and Quality: Germans take pride in their reputation for delivering high-quality products and
services. The "Made in Germany" label is synonymous with excellence. In the workplace, this emphasis on quality
extends to a thorough and methodical approach to tasks and projects. Germans are known for their attention to detail
and the pursuit of perfection.

5. Work Ethics: The German work ethics is founded on commitment, discipline, and a strong sense of
responsibility. Employees are expected to be diligent, reliable, and self-motivated. Taking pride in one's work and
striving for excellence are highly regarded qualities.

In summary, the work culture in Germany is a harmonious blend of tradition and innovation, combining
punctuality, precision, and efficiency with a commitment to work-life balance and personal well-being.
Understanding and embracing these cultural norms is vital for both individuals seeking employment in Germany and
businesses engaging in professional relationships with German partners. By recognizing and respecting the values
that underpin German work culture, individuals and organizations can foster successful collaborations and thrive in
one of Europe's most economically dynamic and culturally rich countries.
Dreysey Helena D. Regencia

ITALY

Work Culture in Italy

The work culture in Italy is said to be a mixtape of a clear pecking order at the workplace with a side of
easy-going business moves and chit-chats. So, when it's decision time, the senior executives take the lead – classic
stuff. But, during meetings and discussions, everyone participates and throws in their two cents, as it's all about that
open discussion.

Now, before you jump into Italy's work groove, Hierarchy is a big deal – job titles matter, and how you talk
to a manager or colleague depends on where you stand. And oh, decisions? They're most probably being made by
the VIP’s.

Making work buddies is all about being chill. Italians love knowing about you, your family, and your
interests – it builds trust for business.

Now, the formal stuff – when you meet, it's handshakes for everyone, call people by their title and last
name, and yes, business cards are very important, especially during meetings. They are like a ticket to the meeting
party (a bit similar to the scene from American Psycho, only less intense)

Fashion alert! Italians take fashion seriously. No, you don't have to dress like a runway model; do put some
thought into it. Suits are a safe bet, but you can tone it down outside big companies.

Time isn't a stickler here – deadlines can have some wiggle room. Meetings start on time, but don't be
shocked if there's a tad delay – it's the Italian way.

Key Elements of the Italian Work Culture

We have bought you a list of all the key elements that you need to know about the Italian workplace and
work culture:

1. Internationality and Expats

You'll notice a mix of international and local vibes in Italy, especially in larger cities where you'll meet
expats. But not in huge numbers to fully blend into the workplace. Italians often prefer hiring their relatives and
close pals for important roles, making them the main players in your organization.

2. Organizational Hierarchy
In Italy, big-shot companies usually follow a strict pecking order based on power and age. The top bosses
not only rock serious skills but also have awesome personal qualities, and they're the ones making the big calls.

Respect for elders is a big deal, especially in the south and smaller companies, thanks to Italy's love for
family-run businesses (something like The Godfather, if they were a normal, non-violent family).

But hey, times are changing! In cool urban spots and new startups, things are getting less formal with
decision-making spread out.

3. Meetings
Meetings in Italy? Think fashionably late start times and fashionably even later finishes! Italians are chill
about punctuality, but that doesn't mean you should push the clock.

Get ready for some friendly chit-chat about anything but work. As for agendas, they're like guidelines –
discussions might take unexpected detours!

And let's talk first impressions – they're a big deal everywhere. But they're like the VIP pass in Italy to form
strong business relationships. So, rock a sharp suit when you stroll into that meeting and bring your A-game
professionalism if you aim for a productive session.
4. Networking and Socialization
Doing business in Italy is like entering a cool party where networking (and business cards) is the secret
handshake. It's not just about what you know; it's about who you know. And the key is building those buddy-buddy
relationships in your field.

Local hangouts like Rome and Milan are the business hotspots, buzzing with events and conferences.
Especially job fairs, those are networking goldmines.

In Italy, where food is practically a cultural superhero, it's no shocker that business lunches are all the rage.
They can stretch into a leisurely 2–3 hours, and guess what? Business stuff might play second fiddle to non-work-
related topics.

But wait, there's more fun on the Italian work calendar – social activities are a big deal! Think evenings out
or team fun days. It's like mixing work with a dash of Italian flair!

5. Diversity
Let us get serious for a moment- Italy has legislative measures specifically designed to shield workers from
discriminatory practices in the workplace.

These laws are in place to ensure that employees are treated fairly and equitably, regardless of various
factors such as gender, race, age, or other protected characteristics.

So, around 10% of the employees in Italy are international buddies, making the workplace a diverse
melting pot. They're doing their thing in various jobs and levels.

You can find them in various sectors such as construction, farming hospitality, and personal services It's
like a global work party, bringing different skills and vibes to different corners of the job world.

6. Decision-making
Let's dive into the Italian meeting scene – it's a bit like a behind-the-scenes show where the real decision
action happens before the main event. Senior managers or the big boss usually have their own private sessions to set
the stage.

Now, when the meeting curtain rises, it's not your typical decision-making battleground. Nope, it's more of
a beta testing of their ideas, a place to feel the colleagues' views and see who's waving the supportive flag.

Forget about those intense decision-making showdowns; It's all about weaving this cool web of personal
relationships and cranking up the participant profiles.

So, in the Italian meeting universe, it's not just business; it's a masterclass blending work, relationships, and
the grand vision!

7. Work-Life Balance
 Kicking back and enjoying free time is a big deal, and finding that sweet spot between work and life is the
top priority. Imagine longer lunch breaks and more quality time with both work buddies and family. This focus on
balance isn't just for show – it's like the secret sauce that adds fulfillment and joy to the work-life!

It's not uncommon for young folks to stick close to the nest until they tie the knot, thanks to a mix of
financial matters and cultural vibes. And get this – hometown bonds are still tight, but the job hunt might worsen the
living situation.
Holidays and Vacation
And a heads up! In Italy, August is the big kahuna for the summer holidays. That is when most big
shots in industries are off catching some rays.
So, if you might want to avoid setting up meetings or contacting someone for major work-related
issues, as the Italian business world slows down during this time. Consider it a universal signal to take it
easy and enjoy the festive season!

8. Working hours
Okay, in Italy's job scene, folks in the private sector tend to put in some serious hours – from 9:00 am to
1:00 pm and then 2:30 pm to 6:00 pm, Monday to Friday. But guess what? The work party doesn't stop at 6:00 pm.
Managers, especially, often work even after that, either taking it home for the weekend or hanging out longer in the
office.

Now, switch to the public sector – it's a different groove. The usual drill is from 8:00 am to 2:00 pm,
Monday to Saturday. But some offices swap Saturdays for a couple of afternoons during the week.

Oh, and what about lunches? They're usually quick, especially in big cities, but every now and then, you
might find yourself in a fancy, long-lasting lunch with Italian business pals. It's like a mealtime friendship
adventure, especially in those first meetings.

Cristine Reena D. Renegin

SWITZERLAND

Culture
 The Swiss value punctuality and efficiency; a common-saying claims that if one is late, it’s probably
because they weren’t wearing a Swiss watch or riding a Swiss train. The country’s motto is, “Unity, yes; uniformity,
no,” which speaks to the open-minded, peaceful, and collaborative culture of Switzerland.
While talking about the Swiss culture, one needs to consider that they keep old-aged traditions not for the
sake of tourism. They do keep those traditions alive with pride. They perform folk music and dances, wear ethnic
dresses and to an extent may seem too conservative.

Family Dynamic
Swiss families can be very diverse, but most are hard-working and thrifty, with only one or two children.
Most families in Switzerland have pets, a cat or a dog, with whom they demonstrate extreme affection. On
weekends, people often take trips to visit extended family or friends.
For many Swiss families, meal times – especially dinner – are a time for the family to be together,
exchange the news of the day or talk about plans for holidays etc. Therefore, it’s important that everyone is there on
time.
In most Swiss families, housework is shared, and hardly any families have maids. It is not unusual that men
do the cooking. Men will also do laundry and other housework. There is no difference between boys and girls
regarding housework.

Communication Style
The Swiss favor a more direct and succinct communication style. They are less likely to engage in small
talk or pry into the personal lives of others. In the culture of Switzerland, it is a sign of respect to speak one’s mind
without softening one’s opinion to spare the feelings of another. It’s important to note that this directness is not
confrontational but rather, an emphasis on getting to the heart of a matter conversationally.

Culture in workplace
First impressions are significant in the Swiss business culture. The Swiss value responsibility, punctuality,
and hard work and expect visitors to respect it and act accordingly. Therefore, it is essential to get familiar with the
Swiss work ethics before starting a business relationship in Switzerland or with a Swiss client.
Swiss people are known for being friendly but reserved and formal in their business interactions. This
means that it’s important to address colleagues by their surnames and titles and to avoid using humor or sarcasm
during meetings. The Swiss also tend to follow a hierarchical, top-down structure at work where respect is based on
rank, education, and achievements.
Swiss people are quite strict in their work. They don’t like to socialize much with their coworkers unless
it’s a business social event, and even then, they don’t prefer talking about their private lives. Swiss workers like to
respect the work culture and they expect others to respect it too, so make sure you act accordingly when working in
Switzerland.
Brandon L. Ricafort

SPAIN
 In business, connections and honesty are highly valued by Spanish
individuals. The Spanish way of doing business is prominent. They
essentially advocate for strict hierarchical structures and well-defined
divisions. Teamwork is often undervalued in management, and
independence is more common. People are also addressed by their
surname in Spanish work culture, prefixed with senor, senora, or
senorita. And sometimes, in the workplace, regardless of gender, you
should address your Spanish colleagues using both of their first names if
they have two. For those from the English-speaking West, Spanish
office hours can be confusing. Certain establishments are open from 9
a.m. to 3 p.m. every day. Some are open until 9 a.m. to 2 p.m., then
close for a few hours before reopening at 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. Business
obligations may be disrupted during these siesta times (2 p.m. to 4 p.m.)

Edison Sunga

FRANCE
[Link] counts in France
The French aren’t as obsessed with punctuality as some other nationalities, but it is considered a sign of
respect to arrive on time for meetings and appointments. The amount of time before you’re considered ‘late’
depends on the formality of the meeting, and here in the South of France, the quart d’heure Montpellierain is well-
known (15 min margin). But being late without good reason is seen as a lack of consideration for others, so it’s
important to let people know in advance whenever possible. Make sure to plan on arriving early, so you have some
buffer for traffic jams or public transportation issues.

[Link]-life balance is greatly valued in France

The French value their free time, and they work to live, not live to work. As such, they place a high value
on work-life balance. You may find that work hours are shorter than in some other countries with 35 hours per week
on average. As a French employee, you’re expected to take your vacation time, which is a minimum of five weeks a
year. Moreover, it’s not uncommon for businesses to close for several weeks during the summer months, especially
in August. Once the work day is over, or you are on vacation, as a French employee you can’t be required to respond
to work emails and phone calls by your employer.
[Link] breaks in France
In French culture, lunch is the main meal, so lunch breaks are typically long enough for a hot, sit-down
meal, lasting between one and two hours. It’s common to share lunch with colleagues or clients, and eating a
sandwich at your desk is not only considered negatively, it is forbidden by the law. For lunch you can either eat at
your company’s cafeteria (if there is one), bring your own lunch to eat in a dedicated space or go out to eat at a
restaurant.

[Link] business etiquette

French business etiquette is rather formal, and it’s always better to err on the side of formality than to be
seen as disrespectful. It’s customary to address people by their formal title, such as Monsieur or Madame, until
invited to use their first name. Handshakes are the norm in business situations, and it’s considered polite to greet
everyone individually when entering a room. Nowadays, some people feel that using these titles is outdated, but it
will be received as a form of respect, so don’t worry! Of course, things are less formal with colleagues at your same
level, where usually first names and the informal tu are used.
[Link] workplace culture and customs
General French culture and customs in society also extend to the workplace, so being aware of cultural
differences can help you adapt your behavior accordingly. For example, it’s common to shake hands when greeting
someone, you always greet everyone in the room, even if it’s only by saying bonjour. It’s also customary to say
goodbye to everyone when leaving. Be open to learning about French culture and customs, and you’ll find that it’s
easier to integrate into the workplace and society.

[Link] is key in France

Networking is essential in France, so be sure to attend social events and get to know your colleagues and
business partners. Building personal relationships is key to doing business anywhere, and since French culture is
more formal, it can take time to establish trust and rapport. If you’re invited to a business dinner or other social
event, it’s important to dress well and be on your best behavior.

[Link] code in French companies

French people tend to dress more formally in general, so it’s especially the case in professional
environments. Dressing well is a sign of respect for the people you work with, and it can also help you make a good
impression. Avoid wearing casual or sloppy clothes in professional settings. The dress code will really depend on
the company culture, but again, it’s better to err on the side of too formal than too casual.
[Link] hierarchy in France
The French place a strong emphasis on hierarchy, so it’s important to respect the authority of those above
you in the workplace. This means addressing people by their proper titles and using formal language when
appropriate. It’s also important to remember that decision-making tends to be centralized, with those at the top
making the final decisions. It’s important to respect the hierarchy and to act appropriately for your place within the
company.

[Link] is direct in France

French people tend to be direct in their communication, so don’t be surprised if someone speaks to you
bluntly. Eloquence and articulate communication are also valued in French culture, and it’s not uncommon to
engage in discussions and debates during business meetings, lunch or even during the coffee break. However, it’s
important to be respectful and avoid interrupting others when speaking. French value honesty and transparency, and
they appreciate it when others are the same way. It’s also important to note that the French language can be quite
formal, so be sure to use the appropriate forms of address.

[Link] business language

While it’s not necessary to speak French fluently to work in France, having a basic understanding of the
language is considered polite. French is the official language of business in France, and it’s important to have some
knowledge to communicate effectively with colleagues and clients.

Ralph Lauren E. Ulan

ICELAND
Has a diverse range of interesting scenery, including lava deserts, geysers, volcanoes, and rocky coastlines
accompanied by glaciers and hot springs. Eleven
percent of the nation is encircled by water and
covered in glacial ice. The terrain is a plateau
with ice fields and mountain peaks. It makes
sense that enjoying outdoor sports like skiing,
horseback riding, bathing in hot springs, and, of
course, gazing up at the magnificent aurora
borealis, or Northern lights, is central to much of
Iceland's culture and customs!

Family Dynamic
Given Iceland's limited size, family is
extremely essential. Families in Iceland are
frequently larger than those in other Northern
European nations. Although members of the
extended family don't typically live together, grandparents, uncles, and aunts frequently assist with child care. Since
most Icelanders have lived there for a very long period, researching family history is a common pastime among the
country's residents. In Icelandic culture and customs, family members share household chores. In addition to being
expected to cook meals, vacuum or wash the floors, change linens, clean their bedrooms, do laundry, and clean the
kitchen after every usage, Icelandic youth are trained to be self-sufficient.

Communication style
Icelandic people can come out as quiet or reticent at first, but after they get to know someone, they really
warm up. In discussion, they usually avoid showing emotion and instead adopt a more neutral expression. It's well
known that Icelanders prefer to communicate in an honest and straightforward manner.

Workplace culture
The Icelanders are not at all forced to work as much as they do. They are affluent and have good material
living standards and nobody can force them to do anything much against their will. They must have a strong and
positive attitude to work.

Dreysey Helena D. Regencia

UNITED KINGDOM
1. Working in the UK

If you take a look, the work culture in the UK focuses on building a strong foundation of a UK work
culture that is a confluence of modern and globalized Western society that embraces the well-being of both the
management and the employees. The work culture in the UK considers punctuality, politeness, skillful and
pragmatic negotiation and humour as some of the key significant factors to strengthen business relationships.

2. Work Etiquettes

The workplace etiquette in the UK circles around some basic corporate values. The employees greet each
other formally by addressing each other with suitable prefixes like Sir/Ma'am. Punctuality plays an important role
when we talk about etiquette. Employees must arrive on time for meetings and even during work hours. Not only
verbal or non-verbal communication, but written communication is also considered one of the key factors for work
etiquette in the workplace. The employees in the UK follow proper email etiquette.

3. Communication

Like any other country, clear and concise communication is a huge part of the UK work culture. However,
what makes the UK work culture different is its unique communication style through sarcasm, wit and humour. The
extent to which sarcasm and humour are acceptable in the typical UK workplace etiquette can be confusing
and culturally shocking for non-native employees. The UK work culture also prefers professionalism and politeness
regarding their communication style. Most people refrain from giving negative feedback directly and avoid
confrontation until necessary. Even the managers may use euphemisms and extremely polite, careful diplomatic
remarks while correcting their subordinates to ensure they don't feel embarrassed.

4. Hierarchy

The typical workplace in the UK hosts very clear and defined hierarchies. There is respect towards the
authority, and the decision-making flow is typically top-down. However, even with very distinct hierarchies, the UK
work culture is more open to suggestions and ideas from every level. The managers are often mild-mannered and
offer subtle but effective instructions to help guide the subordinates to do their work better. People in top managerial
positions in the company typically try to foster a good relationship with the staff to ensure the team spirit isn't
hampered and their work is done towards the company's growth. Most managers may even make some old-school
class distinctions based on clothing, manners of speaking and behaviour.

5. Meetings

Meetings are essential to the UK work culture and can be long. Thus, to make the most out of these
meetings and keep the time as minimal as possible, the meetings are preplanned for smoother execution. The agenda
is pre-decided and provided to all the attendees before the meeting so they know what will be discussed and can be
prepared for it. The meetings start with greetings to the attendees and a brief introduction to the agenda, immediately
followed by the agenda discussion. Meetings are seen as a way for teams to keep their work transparent and
collaborate better, making such meetings very frequent in the UK work culture. Even if you are doing a student
internship at a UK workplace, you must stick to the general meeting etiquette in a typical UK office.

6. Pay and Probation

Probation periods in the typical UK work culture depend on the company you work for. Since there are no
rigid rules, employers can implement their probation duration. However, this is only done after discussing it with the
employee. The probation period for employees in a UK workplace is between 3 to 6 months, which may sometimes
be extended with proper assessment and communication with the employee.
The factors that need to be discussed and communicated include:

1. The reason
2. A road map to tackle the situation
3. Clear targets
4. A new probation period
5. The review date

7. Minimum wage

The work culture in the UK stresses employees receiving a statutory minimum wage. The amount an
individual might receive depends on age, apprenticeship, or paid internship. These wages are categorized into a
national living wage and a national minimum wage. The National Living wage is given to employees 23 years old
and above, and the National minimum wage is given to employees between 16-18 years of age.

The employee will receive £8.91 if he is aged 23 or above. Similarly, if the employees are between 21-22,
they will receive £8.36. The employees will receive a minimum wage of £6.56 if they are 18-20. Similarly, if you
fall under 18, you will receive a minimum of £4.62.

8. Dress-code

The British are known for their traditional professionalism and concern about their presentability. Working
in the UK as a fresh graduate means strictly following dress codes to fit into the UK work culture. The office dress
code is strictly formal, and all the employees are expected to follow it religiously. They made employees typically
expected to wear formal shirts, suits, trousers, formal shoes, etc. Ties are very important for male employees as well.
On the other hand, female employees can be seen sporting suits, trousers, formal blouses, shirts, high heels, dresses,
etc.