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Understanding Genetic Code and Codons

The genetic code is a set of rules that translates nucleotide sequences in DNA or RNA into proteins, using codons made up of three nucleotides. There are 64 codons, with 61 coding for 20 amino acids and 3 serving as termination signals. The initiation codon is AUG, while termination codons include UAA, UAG, and UGA.

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10 views10 pages

Understanding Genetic Code and Codons

The genetic code is a set of rules that translates nucleotide sequences in DNA or RNA into proteins, using codons made up of three nucleotides. There are 64 codons, with 61 coding for 20 amino acids and 3 serving as termination signals. The initiation codon is AUG, while termination codons include UAA, UAG, and UGA.

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littlebooknerd2
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GENETIC CODE

What is Genetic code???


• Genetic code is a dictionary that corresponds with
sequence of nucleotides and sequence of amino acids.

• Genetic code is a set of rules by which information


encoded in genetic material(DNA or RNA sequences)
is translated into proteins by living cells.
Introduction of genetic code

The letters A,G,T and C correspond to the


nucleotides found in DNA. They are organized
into codon.
The collection of codons is called Genetics code.
For 20 amino acids there should be 20 codons.
Each codon should have 3 nucleotides to impart
specificity to each of the amino acid for a specific
codon.
Genetic code can be expressed
in a simple table with 64 entries
Codon and its type
• Genetic code is a Dictionary consists of
“Genetic words” called CODONS.
• Each codon consists of three bases (triplet)
• There are 64 codons.
• 61 codons code for 20 amino acids found in
protein.
• 3 codons do not code for any amino acid.
Type of codon
 Sense codon:- The codon that code for amino
acid are called sense codon.
 Signal codon:- Those codons that code for
signal during protein synthesis are
called signal codons.
For Example:- AUG, UAA, UAG &
UGA
 There are Two types of signal codons
Terminating Codon
Initiating Codon.
“Terminating Codons”
UAA, UAG & UGA are termination codons
.

“Initiating codon”
AUG is the initiation codon. It codes for the first amino
acid in all proteins.
Activity: Crack this code
1. CCA
2. CAU
3. UAA
4. AAG
5. CAA
6. GGG
7. GCG
8. GAG
9. ACU
10. UCU

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