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Density Measurement of Crystalline Materials

The document outlines an experiment conducted at Al-Quds University to calculate the density of iron, copper, and aluminum, comparing practical and theoretical densities. It includes objectives, equipment used, procedures followed, calculations for density and error rates, and results summarizing the findings. The experiment aims to enhance understanding of density measurement and error calculation in materials science.

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4 views9 pages

Density Measurement of Crystalline Materials

The document outlines an experiment conducted at Al-Quds University to calculate the density of iron, copper, and aluminum, comparing practical and theoretical densities. It includes objectives, equipment used, procedures followed, calculations for density and error rates, and results summarizing the findings. The experiment aims to enhance understanding of density measurement and error calculation in materials science.

Uploaded by

daraghmafatima42
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Al-Quds University

NajjadZeenni’s Faculty of Engineering


Department of Electronic & Communication Engineering

Introduction to Materials Lab


(0703203)
Exp. (#5): Density of crystalline materials
NAME: Alaa Abdalqader.
Student number: 22011034
Section: 4
Dr. Ahmad Jabarin.
October/3/2021

I
Table of contents :
Introduction: ……………………………………..…… (1)
Objectives: …………………………………………… (1)
Equipments: ……………………………………...…… (2)
Procedure: …………………………………….…….. (2)
Calculations: …………………………….…..…….… (2-5)
Results: ………………………………….…………… (5)

II
Introduction:
Through this experiment, we will
calculate the density of three
minerals, iron, copper and
aluminum, and then compare the
practical density with the
theoretical density for each of
them and find the error ratio.

Objectives:
1-> Learn the concept of theoretical
density and practical density and how to
measure them.
2-> Learn how to calculate the error
rate.
3-> Experimenting and practicing the
use of measuring instruments.
(1)

Equipments:
1-> Three cylinders (brass, aluminum, steel).
2-> Three cuboid (brass, aluminum, steel).
3-> vernier caliper.
4-> Digital balance.

Procedure:
1-> Inspect the shape and condition of
specimen.
2-> Using a digital vernier caliper to
measure the dimensions of cylinders and
cubes.
3-> Using a digital balance to measure the
masses of cylinders and cubes.
Calculations:
(2)

Num Shape L(cm) W(cm) H(cm) R(cm) Mass(g)


1-Brass / / 2.315 1.095 72.48

2-Steel 2.997 3.041 0.996 / 70.40


3- / / 2.499 1.126 26.75
Aluminum
-4 3.100 3.070 1.000 / 26.01
Aluminum
5-Steel / / 2.486 1.101 73.40

6-Brass 3.009 3.001 0.788 / 59.59

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Volume laws:
1-> V cub = LHW.
2-> V cy = πH r . 2
V1=3.14*2.315*( 1.095 ) =8.715 ( cm ) .
2 3

V2=2.997 *3.041*0.996=9.07 ( cm ) . 3

(3)

V3=3.14*2.499*( 1.126 ) =9.9488 ( cm ) .


2 3

V4=3.1*3.07*1=9.5 ( cm ) . 3

V5= 3.14*2.486*( 1.101 ) =9.463 ( cm ) .


2 3

V6=3.009 *3.001*0.788=7.12 ( cm ) . 3

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Density law and calculation:


m
ρ=
v

g
ρ 1=72.48 ÷ 8.71=8.33 3
cm

g
ρ 2=70.40 ÷ 9.07=7.7 3
cm

g
ρ 3=26.75÷ 9.9488=2.7 3
cm

g
ρ 4=26.01 ÷ 9.5=2.7 3
cm

g
ρ 5=73.40 ÷ 9.463=7.8 3
cm

g
ρ 6=59.59÷ 7.12=8.4 3
cm
(4)

Calculate the error rate:


ERROR% = (|THEO – EXP|/ THEO)*100%

Error 1=(|8.96 – 8.33| / 8.96)*100%= 7%.


Error 2=(|8.05 – 7.7| / 8.05)*100%= 4.3%.
Error 3=(|2.7 – 2.7| / 2.7)*100%= 0%.
Error 4=(|2.7 – 2.7| / 2.7)*100%= 0%.
Error 5=(|8.05 – 7.8| / 8.05)*100%= 3%.
Error 6=(|8.96 – 8.4| / 8.96)*100%= 6.25%.

Results:

Num Shape Experiment theoretica ERRO


al density ρ l density ρ R %
1-Brass 8.33 8.96 7%

2-Steel 7.7 8.05 4.3%


3- 2.7 2.7 0%
Aluminu
m
-4 2.7 2.7 0%
Aluminu
m
5-Steel 7.8 8.05 3%

6-Brass 8.4 8.96 6.24%


(5)

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