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Understanding Dissolution and Electrolytes

The document explains the process of dissolution, including the dissociation of ionic compounds in solvents. It distinguishes between electrolytes, which conduct electricity when dissolved, and nonelectrolytes, which do not. Additionally, it covers concentration calculations, including percent mass/volume and parts per million (ppm) for solutions.

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3 views16 pages

Understanding Dissolution and Electrolytes

The document explains the process of dissolution, including the dissociation of ionic compounds in solvents. It distinguishes between electrolytes, which conduct electricity when dissolved, and nonelectrolytes, which do not. Additionally, it covers concentration calculations, including percent mass/volume and parts per million (ppm) for solutions.

Uploaded by

gqdlygqmesofficial
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DISSOLUTION

Dissolution:
• the process where a solute in a gaseous, liquid, or solid phase dissolves in a
solvent to form a solution.
• May involve dissociation (separation of ions that occurs when a solid ionic
compound dissolves)
Example:
• Write the equation for the dissolution of aluminum sulfate in
water.

a) How many moles of aluminum ions and sulfate ions are produced by
dissolving 1 mol of aluminum sulfate?

b) What is the total number of ion particles produced by dissolving 1


mol of aluminum sulfate?
ELECTROLYTES
Electrolytes vs. Nonelectrolytes:
Electrolyte: a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution
that conducts electric current.
• Electrolytes: soluble salts (ionic), acids, and bases.
o Strong: 100% dissociation, all ions in solutions
o Weak: partial dissociation, molecules and ions in solution

• Nonelectrolytes: molecular substances (covalent


compounds, diatomic molecules)
o No dissociation, all molecules in solution
Types of solutes
high conductivity
Strong Electrolyte

Na+
Cl-
Types of solutes
slight conductivity
Weak Electrolyte

CH3COOH
CH3COO-
H+
Types of solutes
no conductivity
Non-electrolyte

sugar
Electrolyte vs. Non-Electrolyte

Salt Sugar
(Ionic Solids) (Covalent Solids)
Broke apart into ions Both Broke apart into whole molecules
Water is
Was able to light the light bulb the solvent. Did not light the light bulb

Forms a
Can Conduct an Electric Current Can’t Conduct an Electric Current
solution
CONCENTRATION
CALCULATION
Units of Concentration File:[Link]

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one


substance (the solute) dissolved in another
substance (the solvent).
• Concentration is a ratio of the amount of solute
to the amount of solvent.
PERCENT MASS/VOLUME
• Percent volume/mass
% volume or mass = _solute x 100
solution

Solution = solvent + solute


Example:
What is the percent by volume concentration of a
solution in which 75.0 ml of ethanol is diluted to a
volume of 250.0 ml?
Concentration Calculation:
•Part per Million (ppm): for extremely diluted solution.
Example:
What mass, in mg, of acetic acid is present in a bottle
containing 350.0 g of a solution which measures 1.5 ppm
concentration?

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