Rational Numbers

Rational numbers is a foundational concept in the realm of mathematics. The term "rational"
is derived from "ratio," underlining its connection with fractions that represent ratios. Let us
explore the world of rational numbers.

Difference between Rational Numbers and Fractions

Fractions have only whole numbers as their numerator and denominator (w
ith the denominator 0). Whereas, Rational Numbers can have integers for b
oth numerator and denominator.

Symbol for Rational Numbers

The collection of rational numbers is symbolized as Q. It'simportant to reco
gnize that rational numbers encompass natural
numbers, whole numbers, integers, and decimals.
TYPES OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
Subtraction of Rational Numbers
Subtraction helps us to find the difference between rational numbers. Simil
ar to addition, rational numbers must share a common denominator for acc
urate subtraction. The rules for subtraction of rational numbers are similar
to addition.

When the denominators of the given rational numbers are equal, we subt
ract the numerators and keep the denominators the same.
2.
When the denominators of the rational numbers are not the same, we start by makin
g them equal. This is done by finding equivalent fractions using the LCM (least com
mon multiple). Once the denominators are the same, we can then subtract the nume
rators while keeping the denominator unchanged.

Multiplication of Rational Numbers

Multiplication is the easiest of the four arithmetic operations. To multiply
two rational numbers, you multiply the numerator of the first number by the
numerator of the second number, and you also multiply the denominator of
the first number by the denominator of the second number.

Division of Rational Numbers

Division helps us in sharing quantities fairly among rational numbers. We
know that the number which is to be divided is called the dividend and the
number by which it is divided is called the divisor. To divide a rational
number by another rational number, we multiply the first rational number
(dividend) by the reciprocal of the second rational number (divisor).
: Basic Operations

1. Simplify: 12/18
2. Find the additive inverse of 5/7
3. Multiply: 3/4 × 5/6
4. Divide: 7/9 ÷ 2/3
5. Express -0.75 as a rational number.
6. Find the reciprocal of -8/11.
7. Convert 2/5 into decimal form.
8. Add: 3/8 + 5/12
9. Subtract: 7/10 - 2/15
10. Convert 2.4 into a rational number.

Section B: Comparison and Ordering

11. Which is greater: 4/7 or 5/9?

12. Arrange in ascending order: 1/3, 2/5, 4/7.
13. Insert two rational numbers between 3/5 and 4/5.
14. Identify if 6/15 and 2/5 are equivalent fractions.
15. Compare: -7/8 and -3/5.
16. Find three rational numbers between 1/4 and 1/2.
17. Write 0.333... as a fraction in simplest form.
18. Find a rational number between -2/3 and -1/3.
19. Which is smaller: 3/10 or 0.35?
20. Convert 11/8 to a mixed fraction.

Section C: Word Problems

21. A wire is 5/6 meters long. A piece of 1/3 meter is cut off. What is the
remaining length?
22. Ramesh distributed 3/4 of a chocolate bar equally among 3 friends. How
much did each friend get?
23. A container holds 7/8 liters of milk. After using 3/8 liters, how much milk is
left?
24. The sum of two rational numbers is 5/6. If one number is 1/3, find the other.
25. A car covers 5/9 of a journey in 3 hours. How much of the journey is
covered in 1 hour?
26. The product of two rational numbers is 14/25. If one number is 2/5, find the
other.
27. A rope is 10/3 meters long. It is cut into 5 equal pieces. Find the length of
each piece.
28. If the cost of 3/4 kg of apples is ₹60, find the cost of 1 kg of apples.
29. The perimeter of a rectangle is 23/5 meters. If its length is 4/5 meters, find
its width.
30. A swimming pool is filled 2/3 of its capacity. Another 1/6 is added. How
full is it now?

Section D: Operations Involving Mixed Fractions

31. Convert 3 2/5 into an improper fraction.

32. Add: 2 1/3 + 1 2/5.
33. Subtract: 4 3/7 - 2 1/4.
34. Multiply: 1 2/3 × 2 1/2.
35. Divide: 5 1/6 ÷ 3 2/3.
36. Find the reciprocal of 3 1/4.
37. Express 7 5/9 as an improper fraction.
38. Convert 29/6 into a mixed fraction.
39. Find the sum of 2 3/4 and 1 5/8.
40. Subtract 5 1/3 from 7 2/9.

Section E: True/False and Miscellaneous

41. True or False: Every integer is a rational number.

42. True or False: 2/5 is a terminating decimal.
43. True or False: The sum of two rational numbers is always a rational number.
44. True or False: The product of two negative rational numbers is always
negative.
45. Write the standard form of -24/36.
46. Find a rational number that is equal to its negative.
47. Write three equivalent fractions of 4/9.
48. Find two rational numbers whose sum is 7/10.
49. Multiply -2/3 by 3/4 and simplify.
50. Find the average of 1/2, 3/4, and 5/6.

Section 1: Rational Number Operations

Solve the following:

1. (3/7) + (5/14)
2. (8/9) - (5/6)
3. (4/5) × (2/3)
4. (9/11) ÷ (3/4)
5. 2(3/5) + 1(2/3)
6. 3(4/7) - 1(5/6)
 7. (5/9) × (3/8) ÷ (2/5)
8. [(7/12) + (1/4)] ÷ (5/6)
9. (3/4) × [1(2/5) - (7/10)]
10. (8/15) ÷ [(5/9) + (2/3)]
11. 2(5/6) × (7/9) ÷ (3/4)
12. 4(1/2) - (5/6) + (7/8)
13. [(3(2/7) + 2(3/5)] × (5/6)
14. (2/3) ÷ (5/4) + (7/8)
15. (9/10) - [(4/7) + (1/5)]
16. (6/11) + (5/9) - (3/8)
17. (7/12) × [(3/4) + (1/3)]
18. 5(1/2) - (3/7) × 2(1/3)
19. 3(2/5) + (5/6) × 1(3/4)
20. 7(1/8) ÷ [(2/3) + (5/9)]

Section 2: Word Problems

21. A rope is 15/4 meters long. If it is cut into 5 equal pieces, what is the
length of each piece?
22. A car travels 5/8 of a journey in 2 hours. How much distance does it
cover in 1 hour?
23. A tank is 2/5 full. After adding 20 liters, it becomes 4/5 full. Find the total
capacity of the tank.
24. If a person walks 5/6 km in an hour, how much will he walk in 3(1/2)
hours?
25. A bag contains 3/7 kg of flour. After using 1/3 kg, how much flour is
left?
26. The sum of two rational numbers is 7/8. If one of them is 3/16, find the
other.
27. A watermelon weighs 9/5 kg. If it is cut into 3 equal pieces, what is the
weight of each piece?
28. A chocolate bar is divided into 5/8 and 3/8. What is the total weight of the
chocolate?
29. If a student completes 2/3 of the homework in the morning and 1/6 in the
evening, what fraction of the homework is left?
30. A wire is 4(2/3) meters long. If it is divided into 7 equal parts, what is the
length of each part?
31. A bakery sells 2/3 kg of flour on Monday, 3/4 kg on Tuesday, and 5/6 kg
on Wednesday. How much flour is sold in total?
32. A shopkeeper has 5/6 meters of cloth. After selling 2/3 meters, how much
is left?
33. A farmer planted 7/8 of a field with crops. Later, 1/4 of the planted area
was destroyed. How much of the field still has crops?
34. A man saves 3/10 of his salary. If he spends 1/4 of the remaining salary
on rent, how much salary does he have left?
35. A carpenter used 11/15 meters of wood for making chairs. If he used 5/6
meters for a table, how much wood did he use in total?
36. A runner covers 7/9 of a race in 6 minutes. How much will he cover in 10
minutes at the same speed?
37. A rectangular garden is 5/6 meters wide and 3/4 meters long. Find its
area.
38. A bus travels 5/8 of the total distance in 3 hours. How long will it take to
complete the journey?
39. A cloth measuring 7/9 meters is cut into 4 equal pieces. Find the length of
each piece.
40. A farmer distributes 4/7 of his land among his three children equally.
How much land does each child receive?
41. A pipe fills 6/7 of a tank in an hour. If another pipe removes 3/14, how
much water is left?
42. A shopkeeper buys 2/9 kg of apples and later buys 5/6 kg more. What is
the total weight of apples?
43. A baker uses 7/8 kg of flour for a cake. If he adds 3/5 kg of sugar, what is
the total weight of ingredients used?
44. A student scores 4/5 marks in English and 2/3 in Math. Find the total
marks obtained.
45. A book contains 3/4 pages of math problems. If a student solves 1/3 of
them, how much of the book is left unsolved?
46. A train covers 1/3 of a journey in 2 hours and 2/9 in 3 hours. How much
journey is left?
47. A person eats 9/14 kg of rice in a day. If he reduces his intake by 2/7 kg,
how much rice does he eat now?
48. A school has 2/5 of its students in Grade 6 and 3/10 in Grade 7. What
fraction of students are in both grades combined?
49. A water tank holds 50 liters when full. If 3/5 of the water is used, how
much water is left?
50. A boy collects 7/9 kg of fruits. If he gives 4/5 of them to a friend, how
many kg are left?