Nirma University Institute of Technology Semester End Examination (RPR), January ~ 2023 [Link], in Computer Science and Enginsring Someng-V 268502, Computer Network a superiersintiat [_—] with date ‘Tisne: 3 Hrs Max Marks: 100 Instructions’ I, Attempt all questions. 2. Figures to the right indicate fall marks. 3. Make necessary assumptions wherever needed. 4. Use section-wise separate answer-bock, SECTION -1 Q.1.) Describe I-persistent, p-persistent and non-persistent CSMA protocols with 6 neat diagrams. With the help of neat diagrams, explain the mechanism of exponential backolf in reference to CSMA/CD, b) Why do data link layer protocols need framing? What are the consequences 6 of not having framing as part of DL. protocol? oR ) Explain in detail about hidden and exposed node problem in Wireless LAN, 6 6) What are the advantages of dividing an Ethernet LAN with a bridge? Give the 4 relationship between a switch and a bridge. Q.2.a) The diagram below shows two subnets connected by a router (R). For each 6 host and router port, the IP address and MAC eddress (abbreviated) are ‘shown, Initially the ARP tables of the hosts and router are empty. Suppose A sends a ICMP echo request to B to test connectivity, Show the contents of the ARP tables after the successfully verifying connectivity. ® [7 b) Consider a 128-Kkbps point to point link is set up tetween the Earth and a 6 rover on Mars. The distance between the Earth and Mars is approximately $5 Giga meters, and data travels over the link at the speed of light at 31048 m/sec. foge 16f 3208502 Computer Networks i. Calculate the minimum RTT for the link fi, Calculate the delay bandwidth product for tke link, iii, A camera on the rover takes pictures of its surroundings and sends these to Earth. How quickly after a picture is taken can it reach Mission control on Earth? Assume that each image is 5 MB in size. ) Consider an error-free 64-kbps satellite channel used to send 512-byte data 6 frames in one direction, with very short acknowledgments coming back the other way. What is the maximum throughput for window sizes of 1, 7, 15, and 127? The earth-satellite propagation time is 270 msec, oR ©) A 1-km-long, 10-Mbps CSMA/CD LAN (net 802.3) 22s a propagation speed of 6 200 m/jisec. Repeaters are not allowed in this system, Data frames are 256 bits Iong, including 32 bits of header, checksurm, and other overhead. After a success{ull reception, receiver sends a 32-bit acknowledgement frame, What is the effective data rate, excluding overhead, assuming that there are no collisions? Q.3.a) Describe any two contention-based protocels, ) Justify the requirement of minimum frame length ia IBEE 802.3. ¢} How is it possible to prioritize frames in Wireless LAN? Why is it necessary to 4 assign high priority to acknowledgement frames? Section - IL Q4) An organization has a class C network [Link] and wants to form subnets 6 for four departments, with hosts as follows: i, 72 hosts i, 35 hosts ii, 20 hosts iw. 18 hosts Give a possible arrangement of subnet mask to make this possible. Also show rrige of IP addresses for each of the subnets. | A WLAN uses IEEE 802.11 standard with RTS/CTS, and it operates in DCF 6 mode. After accounting for all transmission overhesd, compute the maximum data rate available (useful to user). Assume: + Max data rate = 100 Mbps + RTS = 20 bytes + CTS, ACK = 10 bytes + DATA = 2000 bytes + SIPS = 10 usec, DIFS =110 usec Page of208502 Computer Networks ©) Suppose you are browsing [Link] from your machine UGIO1. If the propagation time between [Link] and UGIO1 is 5Oms; timeout value is, 100ms; Maximum Segment size (MSS) of TCP is 1KB; the congestion window is | MSS; the congestion threshold is SKB; the available buffer on receiver is 64KB and transmission bandwidth is 200 KB/sec, fa) What is the transmission time for a TCP segment? ») How long will it take to download a page of SKB from yahoo? Assume there is no prior TCP connection between [Link] and UG1O1, there is no packet loss. Ignore transmission time for this part, Show detail, ©) How will the result in (b) change if the 4% TCP segment is dropped and the client gets to detect this loss by timeout? oR ©) AICP connection has been operating normally with an Advertised Window and Congestion Window = 16 segments. Suddenly a Time Out occurs and the Congestion Window is reduced. Assume no other problems occur and that the Advertised Window remains at 16 segments, 1. Botimate the number of ;ousu-tip Uses it will take for the congestis window to again reach the advertised window. ji, How many segments would be transmitted dvring this period? Same situation, but this time the time out occurs after Fast Retransmit was used. lil, Estimate the number of round-trip times it will now take for the congestion window to again reach the advertised window iv. How many segments would be transmitted dering this period? Q.5 a) Explain NAT as a solution to IP address depletion problem. 'b) Explain explicit vs implicit congestion notification with example OR ») Explain use of choke packet. How itis implemented in IP network? c} Compare static and dynamic web-page generation and retrieval Q6 a) Is deadlock possible in TCP? If yes, when and how? Derive solution to prevent deadlock, ) Explain working of DNS query resolution. } Why is UDP or TCP needed? Why can't a user program directly access IP? 8 8