Unit-5 (Colours)

Supplementary Exercise
Question No. I (10 marks) – Initial Word
Complete the sentences with the appropriate words. The initial letters are given.
1. She looked at him with a very annoyed e-------------.
2. My school uniform is as white as s-------------.
3. We lost the instruction m-------------and could not put our bikes together.
4. He was unqualified and totally i------------- for this position.
5. A manager has the a------------- to revise employees’ work schedules based on the needs of the
company.
6. The students are not a------------- to talk during the exam or the assembly.
7. I have a political attitude, but I am certainly not a p-------------.
8. The president of China is a c------------- leader who strictly controls his country and citizens.
9. I paid my d------------- with all the money that I made this month.
10. Companies that v------------- the environmental laws will be heavily fined by the government.
11. The d------------- man fell down the street, and as a result, he got a sprained ankle.
12. The cyber-c------------- have been increasing during these years due to addiction of social media.
13. As a t-------------, he formed a strong attachment to one of his friend.
14. I want to ask her out, but I don’t have the c-------------.
15. The National Flat and National Anthem are a s------------- of patriotism and solidarity.
16. Flags of all the participating countries are flying outside the s-------------.
17. Many minor ethnics groups are trying to maintain their cultural i-------------.
18. Discussion is the process of two or more people c------------- about an idea.
19. In the sunny afternoon, the sun is shining brightly in the s-------------.
20. A student gives her teacher a r------------- orchid every morning of the school days.
21. He remembers riding a y------------- school bus in every morning as a child.
22. The b -------------workers do not earn much money like white-collar workers.
23. Jon recovered from his surgery in less than 10 days, and is now in the p-------------of condition.
24. It is wonderful to see how she has g------------- as a person since going to college.
25. Most vegetables and fruits that we bought from local g------------- were local products.
26. Carbon dioxide is the largest contributor to g------------- effect.
27. The business c------------- is quite simple but it looks clean and professional.
28. The judges will a------------- a prize to the best speaker.
29. This a------------- is for the student who is the most outstanding in this class.
30. She was wearing a b------------- coat with a white collar.
31. The problem with most garden books is that they are written by g-------------.
32. I e------------- listening to music when I feel stress and pressure about work.
33. We all need to obey the rules and r-------------of the company.
34. Sometimes, we should not buy u------------- things to save money.
35. The doctor wants to d------------- the surgery for a few weeks.
36. She often r------------- to her notes when giving a speech.
37. Cigarette smoking has been a------------- with lung cancer.
38. The general secretary may r------------- the present at official ceremonies.
39. He has work for me for some years and proven that he is both reliable and t-------------.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 40. To make her sound better, she used the word with positive c-------------.
41. The hotel has s------------- facilities for welcoming disabled people.
42. The policemen can easily g------------- who the thieves are.

Question No. II (10 marks) – Multiple Choice

Choose the appropriate words or phrases to complete the sentences.
1. I live alone but I never feel -------------.
A. lonely B. excited C. boring
2. The window often ------------- the bright afternoon sunlight.
A. appear B. reflect C. occur
3. ------------- workers can expect to earn attractive salary after working a few months.
A. Trustworthy B. Ambitious C. Skilled
4. She studied hard ------------- she could pass her exam with fly colours.
A. so that B. since C. because
5. Getting the green light means that someone ------------- to go ahead.
A. has allowed B. allows C. is allowed
6. If someone is young and -------------, he or she is a greenhorn.
A. unexperienced B. inexperienced C. experienced
7. He is spending all his money ------------- he were a billionaire.
A. as B. as if C. so that
8. His joy soon turned to ------------- when he found he was insulted.
A. anger B. anxiety C. sympathy
9. I went and saw her ------------- I heard her news.
A. until B. so that C. as soon as
10. ------------- you study hard, you will fail the exam.
A. When B. Unless C. If
11. She went to her work ------------- she was feeling unwell.
A. because B. while C. although
12. We will not leave ------------- you arrive here.
A. when B. if C. until
13. People use colours to express a/an ------------- of group identity.
A. sense B. feeling C. emotion
14. Please take your umbrella ------------- you won’t get wet
A. so B. in case C. so that
15. Should we bring umbrellas ------------- it rains during our outing?
A. if B. in case C. so that
16. Never be jealous ------------- others, as it can lead negative emotions.
A. of B. with C. for
17. The shop is closed ------------- for renovation, so please come back in a week.
A. temporarily B. immediately C. permanently
18. In a professional -------------, it’s essential to respect the opinions and ideas of your coworkers.
A. society B. environment C. surrounding
19. If we get up late, we will not ------------ the early train.
A. miss B. get C. catch
20. I have already paid off the bank ------------- , and I am now out of the red.
A. debt B. loan C. money
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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 21. He is really a -------------. He is not experienced in any areas.
A. greenhorn B. greengrocer C. greenhouse
22. Due to the -------------, effect, the temperature of the world is higher and higher.
A. greenhorn B. greengrocer C. greenhouse
23. We cannot see him in the insufficient light. His complexion is as ------------- as coal.
A. white B. red C. black
24. We can drive our cars when the traffic light turns into -------------.
A. green B. red C. amber
25. The referee warned Harry Cane by showing a ------------ card.
A. yellow B. red C. green

Question No. III (10 marks) - Grammar

Grade-12
Subordinating Conjunctions
Text-based Exercise
A. Choose an appropriate subordinating conjunction for each of the following sentences.
1. I waited at the bus stop (until, after, unless) my friend arrived.
2. He shouted at me (although, as if, so that) it were all my fault.
3. I am not as clever (so that, whereas, as) you are.
4. (Since, Although, Till) the price was low, she did not buy the scarf.
5. The flight was cancelled (because, while, where) the weather was bad.
6. We ran into an old friend (where, while, before) we were waiting for the ferry.
7. The driver stopped the bus (unless, though, so that) the old man could cross the road.
8. (As, Once, Where) my sister was busy, I washed all her clothes.
9. (Since, When, Although) she was not well, she prepared dinner for her son.
10. I came here (so that, as soon as, until) I heard the news about you.

B. Join the following sentences using appropriate subordinating conjunctions.

1. We had to stand all the way. All the seats on the bus were occupied.
2. My father devoted all his life to his work. He retired.
3. We left rather late. We arrived on time.
4. She is overweight. She never takes any exercise.
5. You trust yourself. You will know how to live.
6. Moe Moe decided not to buy the dress. The colour didn't suit her.
7. The film was boring. I changed the channel.
8. I visit my grandpa. I see him working in the garden.
9. He went to bed. He had finished his homework.
10. I broke my leg. I was playing football.
11. The maths questions are hard. I can only do one of them-12.
12. Mum will be happy. You arrive home early.
13. Don't go out. I get ready.
14. You listen to me. You will be in trouble.
15. I left home early. I wouldn't be caught in the heavy traffic.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
C. Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence that is given.
1. I like my new job even if it requires a lot of screen time.
Although ----------------------------------------------------------.
2. She plays tennis so well that she wins all the matches.
She is such ----------------------------------------------------------.
3. By the time we got to the bookshop, the books we wanted had been sold out.
When----------------------------------------------------------.
4. Ko Ko has lived in China for seven years, so he speaks Chinese fluently.
Since----------------------------------------------------------.
5. Every time I visit my native town, I donate some money to the Shwe Taung pagoda.
Whenever----------------------------------------------------------.
6. No sooner did the teacher come in than we stood up and greeted her.
As soon as ----------------------------------------------------------.
7. We must hurry, or we won't catch the train.
Unless----------------------------------------------------------.
8. I took a cooking course because I wanted to make special dishes for my parents,
As----------------------------------------------------------.
9. Ma Ma had a shower and then watched TV
After Ma Ma ----------------------------------------------------------.
10. They wanted to move to a new house, but they could not afford it.
Although----------------------------------------------------------.

D. Finish each sentence in a meaningful way.

1. I swept the floor after----------------------------------------------------------.
2. He says his prayers before----------------------------------------------------------.
3. Our group decided to participate in the contest although----------------------------------------------------.
4. You had better take a sweater so that----------------------------------------------------------.
5. His fans follow him wherever----------------------------------------------------------.
6. The lights went out while----------------------------------------------------------.
7. We do not have dinner until----------------------------------------------------------.
8. She passed the exam with flying colours because----------------------------------------------------------.

Additional Exercise
Subordinating Conjunctions
Join the following sentences using appropriate subordinating conjunctions.
1. The teacher let us listen to music. We worked on our papers.
2. I cannot find a good restaurant. I can eat for a good price.
3. She can’t visit her grandma. Her family travels to Dawei this summer.
4. Myo Lay wants to go to school. He can find a good job.
5. There is a lot to do. I leave for my vocation.
6. My brother wants to go to the lake. He loves to swim.
7. The truck driver ate a big meal. Later, he went to work.
8. The newspaper refused to say who gave her the secret information. She was arrested by the policed.
9. I have no money. I can’t go to the party.
10. Polar bears are cute. The mothers are dangerous if they think you are threatening their cubs.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 11. Some university classes are challenging. Other classes are boring.
12. The typhoon ended on Wednesday. Everybody want to the beach to inspect the damage.
13. My pet has fleas. It needs a bath.
14. We drove to the mountains in the afternoon. We packed the car in the morning.
15. The government banned cell phones in cars. The plan won’t work without an enforcement program.
16. Some bananas are green. Other bananas are yellow.
17. We are happy. We received the first prize.
18. The people were listening eagerly. The leader was speaking.
19. He worked hard. He failed.
20. She is beautiful. She is not intelligent.
21. She began to cry. She has lost her golden chain.
22. You work hard. You will get the first prize.
23. My sister has many friends. She has not found a special one.
24. John is only eight years old. He can play the piano very well.
25. Yoon Yoon ate four hamburgers. She was very hungry.

Grade-11
Inversion: Full Verb before Subject.
Text-based Exercise
A. Rewrite the following sentences in inversion to make them more descriptive. The first one is done
for you as an example.
1. The school music band marched towards the main hall.
Towards the main hall marched the school music band.
2. A delivery van came round the corner.
3. A cardboard box was on the doorstep.
4. A strange bird was on the branch of the Eucalyptus tree.
5. A drone flew just above the building.
6. A great castle stood directly in front of the park.
7. The patient recovered under the care of physicians.
8. A hidden tribe dwelled in the remote areas of the Amazonian rainforest.
9. The bridge collapsed without any warning.
10. Her big diamond necklace sparkled in the moonlight.

Additional Exercise
Rewrite the following sentences in inversion to make them more descriptive. The first one is done for
you as an example.
1. The clothes that you want are in the cabinet.
2. The town where you live lies beyond the mountain.
3. Some old desks were in the classroom.
4. A vast treasure of gems and jewels were in the cave.
5. The settlers will have to cross to the north of the stream.
6. The offices that you are trying to find are around the corner.
7. The spicy food can be enjoyed at the Thailand restaurant.
8. Such delicious fruits can’t be grown in the world.
9. The tents where we will be staying this week are around the recreation hall.
10. A man and a woman are in the apartment next to mine.
11. Earthquakes occur in the state of California.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 12. A strange bird was on the branch of the Eucalyptus tree.
13. The patient recovered under the care of physicians.
14. A hidden tribe dwelled in the remote areas of the Amazonian rainforest.
15. Our school lies near the National Museum.

Omission of Relative Pronouns

Text-based Exercise
Rewrite the following sentences omitting the relative pronouns.
1. Some paintings that were stolen from the museum have not been found yet.
2. Some of the people who were invited to the party cannot come.
3. Life must be very unpleasant for people who live near busy airports.
4. A few days after the interview, I received an email which offered me a job.
5. The waiting room was empty except for a young man who was reading by the window.
6. A number of suggestions which were made at the meeting were not practical.
7. Kyaw Kyaw has a brother who is working at ABC Bank and a sister who is studying, economics at
the university.
8. The boy who had been injured in the accident was sent to the hospital.
9. The train which she was about to take was late.
10. The roof of the shed which was damaged by the storm last night has now been repaired.
11. An ambulance came to take the climber whom I helped.
12. The man who was arrested by the police was a great gambler.
13. The dress that my aunt bought for me yesterday does not fit me.
14. The men who we saw in the woods were skillful hunters.
15. The man who I spoke to just now is really helpful.

Complete each sentence using a participle phrase. The first one is done for you as an example.
1. A tribe lives on the island. They are very friendly.
The tribe livings on the island are very friendly.
2. Blood is stored in the blood bank. It has been tested for HIV and other infections.
The blood ________________________________________________________ .
3. A girl came and gave me some cakes last night. She lives next door.
The girl __________________________________________________________ .
4. The guest singer was pleased to see her fans. They were cheering and waving their scarves.
The guest singer was pleased to see her fans ______________________________________.
5. They were rowing in the stream. It flows into a river.
They were rowing in the stream _________________________________________________.
6. The students went on an excursion to a factory. They were led by their teachers.
The students _________________________________________________________________.

Additional Exercise
Rewrite the following sentences omitting the relative pronouns.
1. I have borrowed the books that you recommended.
2. The man who you see in the street is my new neighbor.
3. Would you recognize the person who stopped you?
4. We saw someone who looks like you.
5. The picture which she has just finished is unique.
6. The man who appeared at the doorway was called U Cho.
7. The woman whom U Myint showed you in the theatre comes from Mandalay.
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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 8. He is the man whom I told you about.
9. This is the car which I am thinking about buying.
10. The email that I sent didn’t reach everybody.
11. The flight which we were supposed to take was cancelled.
12. There is no one whom I trust more.
13. We need a doctor who looks after people’s health.
14. Where is the letter that is received this morning?
15. They use a calendar which tells them the date.
16. Strikers are soccer players who try to score goals for their team.
17. The Thames is a river which runs through London.
18. I gave you a book which had many pictures.
19. The sweets which were bought yesterday are delicious.
20. Some paintings that were stolen from the museum have not been found yet.

Grade-10
Used To
Text-based Exercise
Rewrite the following sentences with the correct form of ‘used to’.
1. She (not like) vegetables when she was a child.
2. She can’t believe she has failed the exam. She (work) hard.
3. Su Su (not like) Maths. She was really bad at it.
4. What (you, do) in the summer when you lived in the country?
5. Zaw Zaw (not eat) carrots, but now, he eats it.
6. (You, play) tennis when you were at school.
7. Myintzu (like) chocolate, but now she does not like it.
8. We (live) in a flat when we were young.
9. My aunt (speak) Spanish, but she has forgotten it all.
10. They (go) to the beach every summer when they were young.

Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous

Text-based Exercise
Supply the present perfect or the present perfect continuous form (whichever is appropriated) of the
verb given in the brackets.
1. I’m not hungry. I (have) my lunch already.
2. Nyi Nyi doesn’t want to go to Bago. He (be) there twice already.
3. Soe Soe (study) Japanese for two years but she hasn’t mastered it yet.
4. How long (the children, sleep)?
5. Till now we (not receive) any message from Dar Dar.
6. We (build) this garage ourselves and hope to finish it within the next two days.
7. Hurry! Your school bus (arrive).
8. I think someone (take) my umbrella by mistake.
9. Ko Lay (paint) his room and it will look good when it is finished.
10. My favourite actor (not win) any academy award till now.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
Additional Exercise
Supply the present perfect or the present perfect continuous form (whichever is appropriated) of the
verb given in the brackets.
1. I ------------ (cycle) and my legs are really tired now.
2. I’m sorry I’m late. ------------- (you, wait) for a long time?
3. How long ------------- (you, know) Phyu Phyu?
4. Somebody ------------- (eat) my cookies. There are none left.
5. How many books ------------- (she, write)?
6. She must be tired. She ------------- (write) all afternoon.
7. I ------------- (read) all afternoon. I ------------- 5 chapters.
8. I think I ------------- (like) chocolate since I was born.
9. They ------------- (travel) for months, and they ------------- (travel) three countries so far.
10. I ------------- (buy) a new pair of shoes.
11. ------------- (you, finish) reading that book yet?
12. They ------------- (eat) fruits all afternoon, ever since they came from school.
13. I ------------- (read) this book now, so you can have it back.
14. No wonder your eyes hurt. You ------------- (play) computer games ever since you had your breakfast.
15. I ------------- (see) you for ages.
16. They ------------- (dance) for an hour.
17. I ------------- (finish) my work now.
18. I ------------- (write) this letter for an hour.
19. He ------------- (visit) ten museums this week.
20. I’m very tired because I ------------- (travel) around Inn Lay Lake all day.

Question No. IV (5 marks) – Short question

Text questions
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. Write three colour-based English expressions in the passage.
2. What colour is most commonly associated with sadness or loneliness?
3. What type of person is commonly referred to as a greenhorn?
4. What colour expression can you use to say “I’m in good health”?
5. What does ‘a red letter day’ mean?
6. Find the two colour expressions in the passage that indicate a company’s financial situations?
7. What do the colours of a national flag represent?
8. Why do advertisers choose bright and cheerful colours?
9. Have you ever had a yellow mood? If yes, where and when?

Additional questions
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. What does the term ‘blue-collar’ refer to?
2. What does it mean if someone is given the green light?
3. Who is a greengrocer?
4. What does the word ‘greenhouse effect’ refer to?
5. What does it mean when a business company is in the red?
6. Why is a red letter day an important or special day?

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Supplementary Exercise
 Question No. V (10 marks) - Read the passage (Text)
I. Read the passage.
What about green? If somebody has green fingers, he or she has the natural skill of growing plants
successfully. So if you do not have green fingers, don't ever think of taking up gardening as a hobby. And if
someone is young and inexperienced, he or she is a greenhorn, or we can say he or she is still green. If
someone is given the green light, it means he or she is allowed by someone in authority to go ahead with a
certain project or programme. A greengrocer is of course a person or a shopkeeper that sells fruit and
vegetables. And a term often heard these days is the greenhouse effect, which refers to the warming of the
earth's surface as a result of the trapping of long-wave radiation by carbon dioxide, ozone, and other gases in
the earth's atmosphere.
Now, let's go to politics. When we say someone is pink, we mean that he or she has mild left-wing
views, and therefore is a socialist. But to be in the pink is to be in the best of health. One very popular song
of the mid-fifties goes like this: Enjoy yourself, it's later than you think. Enjoy yourself while you're still in
the pink. By the way, do you know that your little finger is called a pinkie? But if you're red instead of pink,
then you're a true leftist, a communist. But when you see red, it means you are very angry. When a business
company is in the red it means that the company is losing money and is in debt. When a footballer is shown
a red card, he is sent off the pitch for violating one of the rules of the game.
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. People with green fingers can ------------- plants successfully. grow
2. You should not ------------- gardening as a hobby if you do not have green fingers. take up
3. If someone is still green, he or she is -------------. young and inexperienced
4. -------------- the green light means you get permission to do a certain project. Giving
5. As the song suggests, we should ------------- while we are still in good health. enjoy ourselves
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. Who has the natural skills of growing plants successfully?
7. What does a greenhorn mean?
8. What is the meaning of being given the green light?
9. What does the term ‘greenhouse effect’ refer to?
10. According to the passage, when is a footballer sent off the pitch?
II. Read the passage.
When someone is caught red-handed, he or she is caught in the act of committing a crime. And most
modern-day teenagers enjoy red hot music, which is music that is loud and quick in rhythm. A red letter day
is an important, or special day because something particularly good, or important happens on this day. And
how we hate all that red tape, which refers to all those unnecessary rules and regulations which result in
delay.
Are you yellow? If so, you have no courage; you are cowardly. But when a footballer is shown a
yellow card, it means that he is warned for having broken a rule. And a yellow ribbon is a symbol of
welcome – in the USA – for those returning home after having undergone danger. For instance, a soldier
returning home from battle is quite likely to find yellow ribbons tied round a tree in his front yard.
Do you like to wear black clothes? You are not all alone if you say ‘yes’. Black is the most preferred
colour in today’s fashion world. And the highest belt awarded in martial arts is black. However, black is also
associated with mysterious or frightening things, as in black holes, black magic, black spirits, and so on.
Like any other colours, black has both positive and negative connotations. For instance, a company in the
black has more money than it owes. But, when someone is described as the black sheep of the family, he or
she notoriously stands out from the rest of the family.
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. ------------- is loud and quick in rhythm.
2. All necessary rules and regulations ------------- as red tape.
3. In the USA, a yellow ribbon is used to ------------- a soldier who returns home from battle.
4. Most people ------------- the black colour most in today’s fashion world.
5. If a person notoriously stands out from the rest of the family, he will be a -------------.

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Supplementary Exercise
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. What is the meaning of ‘being caught red-handed’?
7. What kind of music is red hot music?
8. When someone is described as yellow, what does it mean?
9. How do people welcome soldiers returning home from battle in the USA?
10. What are the mysterious or frightening things related to the colour black?

III. Read the passage.

Then, do we know that we use colour to express a sense of group identity? We wear uniforms at
school, in the army or in the police force to show that we belong to a particular group. We also dress in our
favourite sports team colours to say the same thing. And, we will notice that flag colours vary from country
to country. The colours of a national flag represent the country's history, beliefs and values, as well as its
glorious past and hopeful future. If we see a group of football fans waving their national flags at the stadium,
we can guess where they come from.
Are we aware that colour is used as a fast and powerful tool for sending out different messages? The
colours of the traffic lights – amber, red, and green – mean slow down, stop, and go respectively. In the
world of business, companies always select the colour of their brand very carefully. For instance, a bank
uses a calm blue to show that it is trustworthy. Advertisers use bright and cheerful colours to say that we
will have a brighter future if we use their products.
All in all, we live our lives in colour from our earliest days. Colour has a big part in everything we
do. The language we use in daily life is full of colour-related expressions. We also use colour as a badge of
identity and as a way of communicating different messages. Thus, we can increase our understanding of the
world around us by learning about what colours represent. If there were no colour in the world, we would
definitely live a dull life.
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. A sense of colour can ------------- by using colour. be expressed
2. The country's history, beliefs and values ------------- by the colours of a national flag.
3. To ------------- different massages, the colour can be used as a fast and powerful tool. send
4. Most companies always do a ------------- about the colour of their brand. careful selection
5. A bank usually uses a calm blue colour to show its -------------. trustworthiness
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. Why do people wear uniform in an organization?
7. What do the colours of a country’s national flat represent?
8. Why do most advertisers use bright and cheerful colours?
9. How can you improve your understanding about the world around you?
10. What will happen to us if there is no colour in the world?

Question No. VI (10 marks) - Read the passage (Unseen)

I. Read the passage.
Today’s woman is a highly self-directed person, alive to the sense of her dignity and the importance
of her functions in the private domestic domain and the public domain of the world of work. Women are
rational in approach, careful in handling situations and want to do things as best as possible. The Fourth
World Conference of Women held in Beijing in September 2005 had emphasized that no enduring solution
of society’s most threatening social, economic and political problems could be found without the
participation and empowerment of the women. The 2005 World Summit for Social Development had also
emphasized the pivotal role of women in eradicating poverty and mending the social fabric.
The role of women in a society is very important. Women’s education can create a better society in
the future. A recent World Bank study says that educating girls is not a charity, it is good economics and if
developing nations are to eradicate poverty, they must educate the girls. The report says that the economic

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
and social returns on investment in education of the girls considerably affect the human development index
of the nation. Society would progress only if the status of women is respected and the presence of an
educated woman in the family would ensure education of the family itself. Education and empowerment of
women are closely related.
A. Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. (5 marks)
1. authority or power given to someone to do something a
2. of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something b
3. under one’s own control c
4. develop towards an improved or advanced condition d
5. the state of being extremely poor e
B. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)
1. Where is today’s woman alive to the sense of her dignity and the importance of her dignity?
2. What could be found without the participation and empowerment of the women?
3. According to a recent World Bank study, what must developing countries do if they would like to
eradicate poverty?
4. Why is the role of women in a society important?
5. What can have a considerable effect on the human development index of the nation?

II. Read the passage.

While there is no denying that the world loves a winner, it is important that you recognize the signs,
of stress in your behaviour and be healthy enough to enjoy your success. Stress can strike anytime, in a
fashion that may leave you unaware of its presence in your life. A certain amount of pressure is necessary for
any performance, so you need to be able to recognize your individual limit. For instance, there are some
individuals who accept competition in a healthy fashion. There are others who collapse into weeping wrecks
before an exam or on comparing marks sheets and finding that their friend has scored better.
Stress is a body reaction to any demands or changes in its internal and external environment.
Whenever there is a change in the external environment such as temperature, pollutants, humidity and
working conditions, it leads to stress. When a person makes up his mind to surpass what has been achieved
by others and there is an imbalance between demands and resources, it causes psychosocial stress. It is a part
and parcel of everyday life. Stress has a different meaning, depending on the stage of life you are in. The
loss of a toy or a reprimand from the parents might create a stress shock in a child. An adolescent who fails
an examination may feel as if everything has been lost and life has no further meaning. In an adult the loss
of his or her companion, job or professional failure may appear as if there is nothing more to be achieved.
A. Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. (5 marks)
1. young one or teenager A
2. be better than b
3. of or for a particular person c
4. occur suddenly and have harmful effects on d
5. atmospheric moisture e
B. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)
1. Why do you need to able to recognize your limit?
2. According to the passage, what does the word “stress” refer to?
3. What leads to stress?
4. When does psychological stress occur?
5. If an adolescent fails an examination, how can he feel?

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 Question No. VII (10 marks) – Dialogue and Exchange
Grade-11 (Unit 7: Systems and Organs of the Human Body)
I. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
after meals for about four or five hours now I've put on
make you more energetic I helped my mum
always eat some snacks haven't seen each other
Thinzar: Hi, Su Mon. We -------(1)-------since the beginning of the Thidingyut holiday. What
have you been doing?
Su Mon: I went on a trip to Bagan with my cousins. After the trip, -------(2)-------with the housework.
What about you? Did you go anywhere?
Thinzar: No, I didn't. I just stayed at home, sitting in front of the TV right -------(3)-------
every day, and -------(4)------- 5 pounds! If I go on like this, I'll gain 10 pounds by the end
of this month!
Su Mon: If it's your real concern, why don't you take up something challenging? Many people
try to reduce weight by doing workouts or doing sports. These will burn calories and -------
(5)-------.
II. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
you usually use It doesn't cost me much
before you put on much weight a chance to go out
you can take up you can develop
Thinzar: I think it's a good idea. That will reduce my weight and I'll also have -------(1)-------.
What sports would you recommend?
Su Mon: Well, -------(2)------- either team sports or individual sports. Both are good for health. With
team sports -------(3)-------- a sense of fair play and social skills. Some of my classmates
are doing team sports like basketball, volleyball and football
Thinzar: For me, I prefer individual sports.
Su Mon: If so, choose the sports like swimming, gymnastics or kickboxing.
Thinzar: I'll definitely choose swimming.-------(4)--------.
Su Mon: OK, then. You'd better start going swimming soon -------(5)--------.
Thinzar: Thanks for your advice.

Unseen Exchange
I. Complete the exchanges using the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
I just got a new computer. I can’t see nothing. Wow, it's a magical sight.
Can I try them on? They are such majestic creatures.
I'll bring some snacks and drinks.
A: -------(6)------- It's superfast and powerful.
B: That's awesome! What brand and model did you get?
A: The weather is perfect for a picnic this weekend. Want to join?
B: Absolutely! -------(7)------- Where should we go?
A: Look outside! It's snowing in the morning. It's so beautiful.
B: -------(8)------- Let's enjoy the winter wonderland.
A: Let's go to the zoo and see the elephants. They're fascinating.
B: I love elephants! -------(9)------- Count me in.
A: I found these amazing shoes. -------(10)-------
B: Of course! Let's see how they look and if they're comfortable.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
II. Complete the exchanges using the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
I'm feeling so lazy and lonely today. Are you participating in the essay competition?
Let's head to the market and get what we need. It's amazing.
Sure, what time should I be there? I like this book.
A: Can you pick me up from school today? I have a project.
B: -------(6)------- I'll be happy to help.
A: -------(7)------- What should I do?
B: How about we watch a movie together? It might cheer you up.
A: We need to buy some fresh vegetables from the market.
B: Great idea! -------(8)-------
A: Have you heard about the water festival in Myanmar?
-------(9)-------
B: Yes, I have! It's a vibrant celebration where everyone participates.
A: -------(10)-------
B: Yes, I'm excited to showcase my writing skills and learn from others' perspectives.

Question No. VIII (10 marks) – Letter Writing

(4) Informing ( )

Question No. IX (15 marks) – Essay Writing

Writing an expository essay
 The advantages and disadvantages of online shopping

Writing an argumentative essay

 Online school is better than in-person school

Writing an opinion essay

 Parents should limit screen time for kids

Writing a cause and effect essay

 Causes and effects of online game addition
 Effects of social media on teenagers

Writing a persuasive essay

 Why schools should have strict rules

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 Unit-5 (Colours)
Supplementary Exercise (Keys)
Question No. I (10 marks) – Initial Word
Complete the sentences with the appropriate words. The initial letters are given.
1. expression 8. communist 15. symbol 22. blue-collar 29. award
2. snow 9. debt 16. stadium 23. pink 30. black
3. manual 10. violate 17. identity 24. grown 31. gardeners
4. inexperienced 11. drunken 18. communicating 25. greengrocers 32. enjoy
5. authority 12. crimes 19. sky 26. greenhouse 33. regulations
6. allowed 13. teenager 20. red 27. card 34. unnecessary
7. politician 14. courage 21. yellow 28. award 35. delay
36. refers 37. associated 38. represent 39. trustworthy 40. connotation
41. special 42. guess

Question No. II (10 marks) – Multiple Choice

Choose the appropriate words or phrases to complete the sentences.
1. A 6. B 11. C 16. A 21. A
2. B 7. B 12. C 17. A 22. C
3. A 8. A 13. A 18. B 23. C
4. A 9. C 14. C 19. C 24. A
5. C 10.B 15. B 20. B 25. A

Question No. III (10 marks) - Grammar

Grade-12
Subordinating Conjunctions
Text-based Exrecise
A. Choose an appropriate subordinating conjunction for each of the following sentences.
1. until 2. as if 3. as 4. Although 5. Because
6. while 7. so that 8. As 9. Although 10. as soon as
B. Join the following sentences using appropriate subordinating conjunctions.
1. We had to stand all the way as/because all the seats on the bus were occupied.
2. My father devoted all his life to his work until he retired.
3. Although we left rather late, we arrived on time.
4. She is overweight because/as/since she never takes any exercise.
5. When/If you trust yourself, you will know how to live.
6. Moe Moe decided not to buy the dress because/as/since the colour didn't suit her.
7. The film was so boring that I changed the channel.
8. Whenever I visit my grandpa, I see him working in the garden.
9. He went to bed after he had finished his homework.
10. I broke my leg while I was playing football.
11. The maths questions are so hard that I can only do one of them-12.
12. Mum will be happy if you arrive home early.
13. Don't go out until I get ready.
14. Unless you listen to me, you will be in trouble.
15. I left home early so that I wouldn't be caught in the heavy traffic.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
C. Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence that is given.
1. Although my new job requires a lot of screen time, I like it.
2. She is such a good tennis player that she wins all the matches.
3. When we got to the bookshop, the books we wanted had been sold out.
4. Since Ko Ko has lived in China for seven years, she speaks Chinese fluently.
5. Whenever I visit my native town, I donate some money to the Shwe Taung pagoda.
6. As soon as the teacher came in, we stood up and greeted her.
7. Unless we hurry, we won’t catch the train.
8. As I wanted to make special dishes for my parents, I took a cooking course.
9. After Ma Ma had had a shower, she watched TV.
10. Although they wanted to move to a new house, but they could not afford it.
D. Finish each sentence in a meaningful way.
Accept any relevant answer.

Additional Exercise
Subordinating Conjunctions
Join the following sentences using appropriate subordinating conjunctions.
1. The teacher let us listen to music while we worked on our papers.
2. I cannot find a good restaurant although/ even though I can eat for a good price.
3. She can’t visit her grandma because/as her family travels to Dawei this summer.
4. Myo Lay wants to go to school until he can find a good job.
5. Although there is a lot to do, I leave for my vocation.
6. My brother wants to go to the lake as/because he loves to swim.
7. The truck driver ate a big meal before going to work.
8. As/Because the newspaper reporter refused to say who gave her the secret information. She was
arrested by the policed.
9. If/As I have no money. I can’t go to the party.
10. Although polar bears are cute, the mothers are dangerous if they think you are threatening their cubs.
11. Some university classes are challenging while other classes are boring.
12. When the typhoon ended on Wednesday, everybody wants to the beach to inspect the damage.
13. As/Because my pet has fleas, it needs a bath.
14. Before driving to the mountains in the afternoon, we packed the car in the morning.
15. Although the government banned cell phones in cars, the plan won’t work without an enforcement
program.
16. Some bananas are green while/ when/ by the time other bananas are yellow.
17. We are happy as/because we received the first prize.
18. The people were listening eagerly while the leader was speaking.
19. Although he worked hard, he failed.
20. Although she is beautiful, she is not intelligent.
21. She began to cry as soon as she has lost her golden chain.
22. If you work hard, you will get the first prize.
23. Although my sister has many friends, she has not found a special one.
24. Although John is only eight years old, he can play the piano very well.
25. Yoon Yoon ate four hamburgers because/as he was very hungry.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
Grade-11
Inversion: Full Verb before Subject.
Text-based Exercise
Rewrite the following sentences in inversion to make them more descriptive. The first one is done for
you as an example.
1. Towards the main hall marched the school music band.
2. Around the corner came a delivery van.
3. On the doorstep was a cardboard box.
4. On the branch of the Eucalyptus tree was a strange bird.
5. Just above the building flew a drone.
6. Directly in front of the park stood a great castle.
7. Under the care of physicians recovered the patient.
8. In the remote areas of the Amazonian rainforest dwelled a hidden tribe.
9. Without any warning collapsed the bridge.
10. In the moonlight sparkled her big diamond necklace.
Additional Exercise
Rewrite the following sentences in inversion to make them more descriptive. The first one is done for
you as an example.
1. In the cabinet are the clothes that you want.
2. Beyond the mountain lies the town where you live.
3. In the classroom were some old desks.
4. In the cave were a vast treasure of gems and jewels.
5. To the north of the stream will have to cross the settlers.
6. Around the corner are the offices that you are trying to fin.
7. At the Thailand restaurant can be enjoyed the spicy food.
8. In the world can’t be grown such delicious fruits.
9. Around the recreation hall are the tents where we will be staying this week.
10. In the apartment next to mine are a man and a woman.
11. In the state of California occur earthquakes.
12. On the branch of the Eucalyptus tree was a strange bird.
13. Under the care of physicians recovered the patient.
14. In the remote areas of the Amazonian rainforest dwelled a hidden tribe.
15. In the moonlight sparkled her big diamond necklace.

Omission of Relative Pronouns

Text-based Exercise
Rewrite the following sentences omitting the relative pronouns.
1. Some paintings stolen from the museum have not been found yet.
2. Some of the people invited to the party cannot come.
3. Life must be very unpleasant for people living near busy airports.
4. A few days after the interview, I received an email offering me a job.
5. The waiting room was empty except for a young man reading by the window.
6. A number of suggestions made at the meeting were not practical.
7. Kyaw Kyaw has a brother working at ABC Bank and a sister studying economics at the university.
8. The boy injured in the accident was sent to the hospital.
9. The train she was about to take was late.
10. The roof of the shed damaged by the storm last night has now been repaired.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 11. An ambulance came to take the climber I helped.
12. The man arrested by the police was a great gambler.
13. The dress my aunt bought for me yesterday does not fit me.
14. The men we saw in the woods were skillful hunters.
15. The man I spoke to just now is really helpful.

Complete each sentence using a participle phrase. The first one is done for you as an example.
1. The tribe livings on the island are very friendly.
2. The blood tested for HIV and other infections is stored in the blood bank.
3. The girl living next door came and gave me some cakes last night.
4. The guest singer was pleased to see her fans cheering and waving their scarves.
5. They were rowing in the stream flowing into a river.
6. The students led by their teachers went on an excursion to a factory.

Additional Exercise
Rewrite the following sentences omitting the relative pronouns.
1. I have borrowed the books you recommended.
2. The man you see in the street is my new neighbor.
3. Would you recognize the person stopping you?
4. We saw someone looking like you.
5. The picture she has just finished is unique.
6. The man appearing at the doorway was called U Cho.
7. The woman U Myint showed you in the theatre comes from Mandalay.
8. He is the man I told you about.
9. This is the car I am thinking about buying.
10. The email I sent didn’t reach everybody.
11. The flight we were supposed to take was cancelled.
12. There is no one I trust more.
13. We need a doctor looking after people’s health.
14. Where is the letter received this morning?
15. They use a calendar telling them the date.
16. Strikers are soccer players tring to score goals for their team.
17. The Thames is a river running through London.
18. I gave you a book having many pictures.
19. The sweets bought yesterday are delicious.
20. Some paintings stolen from the museum have not been found yet.

Grade-10
Used To
Text-based Exercise
Rewrite the following sentences with the correct form of ‘used to’.
1. She did not use to like vegetables when she was a child.
2. She can’t believe she has failed the exam. She used to work hard.
3. Su Su did not use to like Maths. She was really bad at it.
4. What did you use to do in the summer when you lived in the country?
5. Zaw Zaw did not use to eat carrots, but now, he eats it.
6. You used to play tennis when you were at school.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 7. Myintzu used to like chocolate, but now she does not like it.
8. We used to live in a flat when we were young.
9. My aunt used to speak Spanish, but she has forgotten it all.
10. They used to go to the beach every summer when they were young.

Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous

Text-based Exercise
Supply the present perfect or the present perfect continuous form (whichever is appropriated) of the
verb given in the brackets.
1. I’m not hungry. I have had my lunch already.
2. Nyi Nyi doesn’t want to go to Bago. He has been there twice already.
3. Soe Soe has been studying Japanese for two years but she hasn’t mastered it yet.
4. How long have the children been sleeping?
5. Till now, we have not received any message from Dar Dar.
6. We have been building this garage ourselves and hope to finish it within the next two days.
7. Hurry! Your school bus has arrived.
8. I think someone has taken my umbrella by mistake.
9. Ko Lay has been painting his room and it will look good when it is finished.
10. My favourite actor has not won any academy award till now.

Additional Exercise
Supply the present perfect or the present perfect continuous form (whichever is appropriated) of the
verb given in the brackets.
1. I have been cycling and my legs are really tired now.
2. I’m sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting for a long time?
3. How long have you known Phyu Phyu?
4. Somebody has eaten my cookies. There are none left.
5. How many books has she written?
6. She must be tired. She has been writing all afternoon.
7. I have been reading all afternoon. I have read 5 chapters.
8. I think I have liked chocolate since I was born.
9. They have been travelling for months, and they have travelled three countries so far.
10. I have bought a new pair of shoes.
11. Have you finished reading that book yet?
12. They have been eating fruits all afternoon, ever since they came from school.
13. I have read this book now, so you can have it back.
14. No wonder your eyes hurt. You have been playing computer games ever since you had your
breakfast.
15. I haven’t seen you for ages.
16. They have been dancing for an hour.
17. I have finished my work now.
18. I have been writing this letter for an hour.
19. He has visited ten museums this week.
20. I’m very tired because I have been travelling around Inn Lay Lake all day.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 Question No. IV (5 marks) – Short question
Text Questions
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. Any colour expression mentioned in the text. e.g, feel blue, red-handed, black sheep, etc.
2. Blue is most commonly associated with sadness or loneliness.
3. A person who is young and inexperienced is commonly referred to as a greenhorn.
4. We can use the colour expression “I’m in the pink” to say “I’m in good health”.
5. ‘A red letter day’ means an important or special day.
6. Two colour expressions in the passage that indicate a company’s financial situations are ‘in the red’
and ‘in the black’.
7. The colours of a national flag represent the country’s history, beliefs and values as well as its
glorious past and hopeful future.
8. Advertisers choose bright and cheerful colours to say that we will have a brighter future if we use
their products.
9. Accept any relevant answer.
Additional Questions
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. The term ‘blue-collar’ refers to workers doing manual or unskilled work and many others.
2. If someone is given the green light, it means he or she is allowed by someone in authority to go
ahead with a certain project or programme.
3. A greengrocer is a person or a shopkeeper that sells fruits and vegetables.
4. The word ‘greenhouse effect’ refer s to the warming of the earth’s surface as a result of the trapping
of long-waved radiation by carbon dioxide, ozone, and other gases in the earth’s atmosphere.
5. When a business company is in the red, it means that the company is losing money and is in debt.
6. A red letter day is an important or special day because something particularly good or important
happens on this day.

Question No. V (10 marks) - Read the passage (Text)

I. Read the passage.
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. grow
2. take up
3. young and inexperienced
4. Giving
5. enjoy ourselves
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. People with green fingers have the natural skills of growing plants successfully?
7. A greenhorn means a young and inexperienced person.
8. The meaning of being given the green light is that a person is allowed by someone in authority to go
ahead with a certain project or programme.
9. The term ‘greenhouse effect’ refer to the warming of the earth's surface as a result of the trapping of
long-wave radiation by carbon dioxide, ozone, and other gases in the earth's atmosphere.
10. According to the passage, a footballer is sent off the pitch when he is shown a red card for violating
one of the rules of the game.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
II. Read the passage.
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. Red hot music
2. are referred to
3. welcome
4. prefer
5. black sheep (of the family)
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. The meaning of ‘being caught red-handed’ is ‘being caught in the act of committing a crime’.
7. Red hot music is a kind of music that is loud and quick in rhythm.
8. When someone is described as yellow, it means that he or she has no courage and is cowardly.
9. People welcome soldiers returning home from battle by tying yellow ribbons round trees in their
front yards in the USA.
10. The mysterious or frightening things related to the colour black are black holes, black magic and
black spirits.
III. Read the passage.
A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. be expressed
2. are represented
3. send
4. (careful) selection
5. trustworthiness
B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)
6. People wear uniform in an organization to show that they belong to a particular group.
7. The colours of a country’s national flat represent its history, beliefs and values, glorious past and
hopeful future.
8. Most advertisers use bright and cheerful colours to say that we will have a brighter future if we use
their products.
9. We can improve our understanding about the world around us by learning about what colours
represent.
10. If there is no colour in the world, we will definitely live a dull life.

Question No. VI (10 marks) - Read the passage (Unseen)

I. Read the passage.
I. (A)
1 (a) empowerment
2 (b) pivotal
3 (c) self-directed
4 (d) progress
5 (e) poverty
I. (B)
1. Today’s woman is alive to the sense of her dignity and the importance of her dignity in the private
domestic domain and the public domain of the world of work.
2. No enduring solution of society’s most threatening social, economic and political problems could be
found without the participation and empowerment of the women.
3. According to a recent World Bank study, developing countries must educate the girls if they would
like to eradicate poverty.

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
 4. The role of women in a society is important because women’s education can create a better society in
the future.
5. The economic and social returns on investment in education of the girls can have a considerable
effect on the human development index of the nation

II. Read the passage.

II. (A)
1 (a) adolescent
2 (b) surpass
3 (c) individual
4 (d) strike
5 (e) humidity
II. (B)
1. You need to able to recognize your limit because a certain amount of pressure is necessary for any
performance.
2. According to the passage, the word “stress” refers to a body reaction to any demands or changes in
its internal and external environment.
3. A change in the external environment such as temperature, pollutants, humidity and working
conditions leads to stress.
4. Psychological stress occurs when a person makes up his mind to surpass what has been achieved by
others and there is an imbalance between demands and resources.
5. If an adolescent fails an examination, he can feel as if everything has been lost and life has no further
meaning.

Question No. VII (10 marks) – Dialogue and Exchange

Grade-11 (Unit 7: Systems and Organs of the Human Body)
I. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
1. haven't seen each other
2. I helped my mum
3. after meals for about four or five hours
4. now I've put on
5. make you more energetic
II. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
1. a chance to go out
2. you can take up
3. you can develop
4. It doesn't cost me much
5. before you put on much weight
Unseen Exchange
I. Complete the exchanges using the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
6. I just got a new computer.
7. I'll bring some snacks and drinks.
8. Wow, it's a magical sight.
9. They are such majestic creatures.
10. Can I try them on?

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
II. Complete the exchanges using the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)
6. Sure, what time should I be there?
7. I'm feeling so lazy and lonely today.
8. Let's head to the market and get what we need.
9. It's amazing.
10. Are you participating in the essay competition?

Question No. VIII (10 marks) – Letter Writing

(4) Informing ( )
You are Nanda Ko and you live at No.77, Inya-myaing Road, Yangon. Write to your father in
Japan, informing him about your grandmother’s successful operation and her present state of health.


 (၆)
Tense
Present Tense (V1)
Past Tense(V2)
No.77, Inya-myaing Road,
Yangon.
10-6-2024
Dear Phay Phay,
How are you? All others and I at home hope you are well and happy. As for us, we are fine.
In this letter, I want to inform you about our grandmother’s operation. Last month, we took
our grandmother to the hospital to check her health. Unfortunately, she had fatty liver disease. It was
serious. So, we had an appointment to operate our grandmother with the physician. Luckily, the operation
was successful. I also want to tell you about her present state of health. It is good. But we have to bring the
doctor once a week to check grandma’s health. And, she has to take some medicines and vitamins three
times a day. At present, she can sleep well and eat as usual. Don’t worry about her health. She is in the pink
of health now.
If possible, send multi-vitamins for grandma. Take care of your health. Let me stop my letter
here, for I have to study my lessons. I’m waiting for your reply.
With the best wishes,
Yours truly,
Nanda Ko

Question No. IX (15 marks) – Essay Writing

The advantages and disadvantages of online shopping
Online shopping has become an integral part of our modern consumer culture, offering numerous
advantages and conveniences to shoppers around the world. However, like any other method of purchasing
goods and services, it also comes with its own set of disadvantages. In this essay, we will explore the
advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.
One of the most significant advantages of online shopping is convenience. With just a few clicks,
consumers can browse through an extensive range of products from the comfort of their homes, eliminating

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Grade-12 English
Supplementary Exercise
the need to travel to physical stores. This convenience is particularly valuable for individuals with busy
schedules, limited mobility, or those living in remote areas with limited access to brick-and-mortar stores.
Additionally, online shopping allows consumers to compare prices and read product reviews, making it
easier to find the best deals and make informed purchasing decisions. It also provides the convenience of
24/7 accessibility, allowing shoppers to make purchases at any time that suits them.
Another advantage of online shopping is the availability of a vast array of products from all around
the world. Consumers can access a broader selection of items, including niche or specialty products that may
not be readily available in their local stores. Online retailers often have a larger inventory compared to
physical stores, catering to diverse tastes and preferences. This expansive selection makes it possible for
consumers to find unique or hard-to-find items, helping them fulfill their specific needs and desires.
However, online shopping also has its share of disadvantages. One of the most significant concerns is
security. Online transactions require sharing personal and financial information, which can make consumers
vulnerable to cyberattacks and identity theft if they are not careful. There is a risk that sensitive data may be
intercepted by hackers or that unscrupulous websites may engage in fraudulent activities. To mitigate these
risks, consumers must take steps to ensure the security of their online transactions, such as using secure
payment methods and shopping only from reputable websites.
Another disadvantage of online shopping is the lack of physical interaction and sensory experience.
In brick-and-mortar stores, consumers can see, touch, and try products before making a purchase, which is
not possible when shopping online. This absence of sensory input can lead to dissatisfaction if the product
does not meet expectations, as it may appear different in person than it did in the online images.
Additionally, the inability to interact with sales representatives in real-time can make it challenging to get
immediate assistance or ask questions about a product, leading to a potential lack of personalized service.
In conclusion, online shopping offers undeniable advantages in terms of convenience, accessibility,
and product variety. However, it is not without its drawbacks, including security concerns and the absence of
physical interaction. As the online retail landscape continues to evolve, consumers must be vigilant in
protecting their personal information and consider the trade-offs between convenience and the sensory
experience when making purchasing decisions. Ultimately, the success of online shopping lies in the hands
of both consumers and retailers, who must work together to create a safe and satisfying online shopping
experience.

Online school is better than in-person school

The debate over whether online school is better than in-person school has gained momentum in
recent years, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. While both approaches have their
advantages and disadvantages, this essay will argue that online schooling is superior to in-person schooling
in terms of flexibility, accessibility, and personalization. However, it is essential to acknowledge the
counterargument that in-person schooling offers social interaction benefits that online schooling may lack.
Online school offers a level of flexibility that in-person schooling cannot match. Students can create
personalized schedules that suit their individual needs, allowing them to balance education with work,
family commitments, or other responsibilities. This flexibility empowers students to take charge of their
education and develop time management skills that will serve them well throughout their lives. Moreover,
online schools often provide a broader range of course offerings, enabling students to explore a wider variety
of subjects and career paths.
Accessibility is another advantage of online school. It eliminates geographical barriers and allows
students from different parts of the world to access high-quality education. This is particularly advantageous
for students living in remote areas where traditional in-person schools may be limited or non-existent.
Online schooling also caters to individuals with disabilities, providing them with an inclusive learning
environment that adapts to their specific needs.
Furthermore, online school allows for a more personalized learning experience. With the use of
adaptive learning technology and the ability to review recorded lessons, students can learn at their own pace.
This individualized approach ensures that each student's unique learning style is accommodated, enhancing

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their understanding and retention of the material. Additionally, online platforms can provide instant feedback
and performance analytics, enabling students to monitor their progress and make necessary adjustments.
In-person schooling fosters social interaction, a crucial aspect of a well-rounded education.
Traditional schools provide students with the opportunity to interact with their peers and teachers on a daily
basis. This social interaction promotes the development of vital interpersonal skills, emotional intelligence,
and teamwork, which are essential in both academic and real-world settings. Students learn not only from
textbooks but also from one another's experiences and perspectives. In-person school also allows for
extracurricular activities, such as sports, clubs, and group projects, that foster social bonds and personal
growth.
In conclusion, online school offers numerous advantages, including flexibility, accessibility, and
personalized learning experiences. However, it is important to recognize the counterargument that in-person
schooling plays a crucial role in developing social interaction skills. The choice between online and in-
person schooling ultimately depends on individual preferences, circumstances, and educational goals. A
balanced approach may involve a combination of both online and in-person schooling to reap the benefits of
each mode of education, ensuring a well-rounded and enriched learning experience.

Parents should limit screen time for kids

In today's digital age, children are exposed to screens from an early age, be it through smartphones,
tablets, or computers. While technology can provide educational benefits, there is a growing concern about
the negative impact excessive screen time may have on a child's development. Therefore, it is crucial for
parents to set limits on screen time to ensure a healthy and balanced upbringing for their children.
Firstly, excessive screen time has been linked to various health issues in children, including poor
sleep quality and obesity. The blue light emitted from screens can disrupt the natural sleep-wake cycle,
leading to difficulties in falling asleep. Moreover, prolonged screen time often replaces physical activities,
contributing to a sedentary lifestyle and an increased risk of obesity. By setting limits on screen time, parents
can encourage their children to engage in outdoor activities, promoting better physical health and overall
well-being.
Secondly, limiting screen time fosters improved social and emotional development in children.
Excessive screen use can hinder face-to-face interactions, affecting a child's ability to develop crucial social
skills. Spending too much time in the virtual world may lead to a lack of empathy and difficulty in
understanding non-verbal cues, which are essential for building strong interpersonal relationships. By
restricting screen time, parents create opportunities for their children to engage in real-life interactions,
promoting emotional intelligence and social competence.
Finally, excessive exposure to screens can impact academic performance and cognitive development.
Children who spend too much time on screens may struggle with concentration and have difficulty focusing
on tasks. Setting limits on screen time allows children to allocate more time to homework, reading, and other
intellectually stimulating activities. This, in turn, supports the development of cognitive skills, such as
problem-solving and critical thinking, essential for academic success.
In conclusion, while technology plays a significant role in the modern world, parents must be
vigilant about the amount of screen time their children are exposed to. By setting reasonable limits, parents
can safeguard their children's physical health, promote social and emotional development, and ensure
optimal cognitive growth. In doing so, parents contribute to the overall well-being and balanced
development of their children in an increasingly digital era.

Causes and effects of online game addiction

Online gaming has become a popular pastime for people of all ages, offering immersive experiences,
social interactions, and a sense of achievement. However, as the world becomes increasingly connected
through the internet, online game addiction has emerged as a significant concern. This essay explores the

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causes and effects of online game addiction, shedding light on the factors that contribute to its development
and the detrimental consequences it can have on individuals and society.
Online game addiction can be attributed to a variety of factors. Firstly, the allure of virtual worlds,
where players can escape from the challenges of real life, often plays a significant role. These games provide
a sense of achievement and control, which can be particularly enticing for individuals facing stress,
loneliness, or low self-esteem. Moreover, the social aspect of online gaming, where players can form
communities and build relationships, can contribute to addiction, as these connections become a crucial part
of an individual's life. The constant availability of games and the potential for in-game rewards and
progression can also make it challenging for players to step away from the screen.
The effects of online game addiction can be profound and wide-reaching. On an individual level,
excessive gaming can lead to various physical and mental health issues, including disrupted sleep patterns,
obesity, depression, anxiety, and decreased academic or occupational performance. As players invest more
time in games, they may neglect real-life responsibilities, resulting in damaged relationships and social
isolation. In extreme cases, online game addiction can lead to financial problems due to in-game purchases
and gambling-related activities. On a societal level, the excessive use of online games can contribute to a
decline in productivity and a strain on healthcare resources, making it a concern for public health.
Online game addiction is a complex issue with multiple underlying causes and far-reaching
consequences. Recognizing the factors that contribute to its development, such as the allure of virtual worlds
and the social aspects of gaming, is essential for prevention and intervention. Additionally, addressing the
detrimental effects on individuals and society, including health problems, damaged relationships, and
economic burdens, is crucial. To mitigate the risks associated with online game addiction, it is essential to
strike a balance between enjoying online games and maintaining a healthy and fulfilling offline life. This can
be achieved through education, support systems, and a proactive approach to responsible gaming.

The effects of social media on teenagers

Social media has become an integral part of the lives of teenagers in today's digital age. While it
offers numerous benefits, such as staying connected with friends and accessing a wealth of information, it
also has significant effects on teenagers. This essay explores three key aspects of how social media impacts
teenagers: mental health, social relationships, and self-esteem.
First and foremost, social media can have a profound impact on the mental health of teenagers. The
constant exposure to curated images and posts can lead to feelings of inadequacy and comparison, which can
contribute to anxiety and depression. The pressure to conform to idealized beauty standards or portray a
seemingly perfect life can be overwhelming. Cyber bullying, a prevalent issue on social media platforms,
can further exacerbate mental health issues. Consequently, teenagers may find themselves experiencing high
levels of stress and loneliness, which can harm their overall well-being.
Furthermore, social media can influence the quality of teenagers' social relationships. While it
provides a platform for connecting with friends and making new ones, it can also lead to superficial and
fleeting interactions. Face-to-face communication is often replaced by screen time, which may hinder the
development of crucial social skills and the ability to engage in meaningful, in-depth conversations.
Overreliance on digital communication can result in feelings of isolation and disconnection from the real
world. Teens may struggle to establish authentic relationships when their primary mode of interaction is
through likes and comments.
Lastly, social media can significantly impact teenagers' self-esteem. The constant validation-seeking
behavior that is prevalent on social media platforms can create a dependence on external approval for self-
worth. A teenager's sense of self can become intertwined with the number of likes, followers, and comments
they receive, which can lead to fluctuations in self-esteem and self-worth. Additionally, the exposure to
filtered and edited images can distort perceptions of beauty and reality, leading to unrealistic expectations
and a negative self-image.

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 In conclusion, social media has become a double-edged sword for teenagers. While it offers them
many advantages, including connectivity and access to information, it also brings along several adverse
effects. It can impact their mental health, social relationships, and self-esteem, often negatively. To address
these issues, it is essential for teenagers, parents, and society as a whole to be aware of the potential pitfalls
of excessive social media use and take steps to promote a healthy balance between the digital and real
worlds.

Why schools should have strict rules

In any educational institution, the establishment and enforcement of strict rules play a pivotal role in
maintaining a conducive learning environment. Firstly, clear and unambiguous rules provide students with a
sense of structure and discipline, fostering an atmosphere where learning can thrive. When students
understand the boundaries and expectations set by the school, they are more likely to focus on their studies
and engage positively with their peers and teachers. Strict rules serve as a guide, helping students navigate
the complexities of social interactions and academic responsibilities. This structured environment
contributes to a more productive and harmonious educational experience.
Moreover, strict rules in schools contribute to the development of essential life skills, such as
responsibility and accountability. When students are held to high standards of behavior and academic
performance, they learn the importance of taking responsibility for their actions. This fosters a sense of
accountability that extends beyond the school setting and prepares them for the challenges of adulthood. By
adhering to rules, students develop a strong work ethic and an understanding of the consequences of their
choices. These foundational skills are crucial for success in both academic and professional pursuits, making
the implementation of strict rules in schools an investment in the future success of students.
Furthermore, a school with well-enforced rules creates a safe and secure environment for all its
members. Strict rules act as a deterrent to negative behaviors such as bullying, substance abuse, and
violence, ensuring the physical and emotional well-being of students. When everyone in the school
community abides by the same set of rules, a sense of unity and mutual respect is established. This not only
contributes to a positive school culture but also promotes a conducive learning environment where students
feel supported and encouraged to reach their full potential.
In conclusion, the implementation of strict rules in schools is essential for creating a structured,
disciplined, and safe learning environment. These rules not only guide students in their academic journey but
also instill vital life skills, fostering a sense of responsibility and accountability. Ultimately, a school with
well-defined and consistently enforced rules sets the stage for students to succeed academically and prepares
them for the challenges of the future.

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