“Year of the Bicentennial, of the consolidation of our
Independence, and of the commemoration of the heroic battles
of Junín and Ayacucho.”
Course: English
Issue: Final Project
Surnames and First Names: Maza Ortiz Ismael.
Atoche Atoche Junior.
Chunga Fiestas Herman.
Semester: General studies.
Day: Tuesday Time: 07:45 pm.
Teacher: Julio Mogollon Mogollon.
Delivery date: September 20.
FINAL PROJECT - WHITTER WORK:
a) Plannig and organization.
• Maza Ortiz Ismael: Search information about animal 1 and
animal 2. Put all the information together.
• Atoche Atoche Junior: Search information about animal 3
and animal 4. And pictures of the 5 animals.
• Chunga Fiestas Herman: Search information about animal 5.
Edit and correct the final product.
General introduction:
ANIMAL 1: YELLOW-TAILED WOOLLY MONKEY.
• Brief review.
It is a species that lives only in the Peruvian jungle, mainly in the cloud forests of San
Martín and Amazonas. This species is essential for the maintenance of forests, due to its
role as a seed disperser.
• Important facts.
This species can measure 54 centimeters. It eats fruits, flowers, leaves and insects and
lives in groups of between five and 18 individuals. It lives in forests with large, tall trees
that can support its weight. It is estimated that its population varies between 1000 and
5000 individuals.
• Why is endangered?
It is strongly threatened due to the loss of its habitat, deforestation, its extraction and
use as a pet; so finding it in nature is increasingly difficult.
• What can be done to preserve the species?
To preserve this species, it is necessary to limit sustainable agricultural, forestry and
industrial activities by introducing appropriate laws and regulations as part of the
management of the species.
ANIMAL 2: ANDEAN BEAR.
• Brief review.
The Andean bear is the only bear in South America and is endemic to the tropical Andes.
Andean bears live along the Andes Mountain range, from Venezuela to southern Bolivia,
and are both terrestrial and arboreal. They are omnivores, although meat only
represents a small part of their diet.
• Important facts.
Although they may not look like it, they are very good swimmers and climbers. They
build platforms on top of trees where they take naps and carry their food to digest. They
are solitary but seem to leave messages in trees for other individuals, indicating with
their scents where they have gone.
• Why is endangered?
This bear is constantly threatened due to changes in land use, which has fragmented its
original habitat, as well as by hunting by humans who come into conflict with it, or use
parts of its body for traditional medicine and rituals.
• What can be done to preserve the species?
The strategy for the conservation of the Andean bear in the Austro is based on three
main axes: environmental education, management of the species and research. On the
first line, strategies are defined to train community members so that they do not attack
bear populations.
ANIMAL 3: ANDEAN CONDOR.
• Brief review.
The Andean condor is a majestic bird with a large wingspan, considered a symbol of the
Andes. Its wingspan can reach up to 3 meters, making it one of the largest fliers in the
world. It feeds primarily on carrion, playing a crucial role in the ecosystem by helping to
decompose organic matter. However, it faces threats such as habitat loss and hunting,
which has led to its classification as a vulnerable species. Conservation of the Andean
condor is essential to preserve the biodiversity and cultural traditions of the Andean
regions.
• Important facts.
1. Scientific name: Vultur gryphus.
2. Distribution: Found in the Andean region, from Venezuela to Chile and Argentina.
Size: It has a wingspan of up to 3.3 meters, making it one of the largest flying birds in
the world.
3. Diet: It is a scavenger; It feeds mainly on the remains of dead animals.
4. Reproduction: It forms pairs for life and usually lays a single egg every two years.
5. Life expectancy: Can live more than 60 years in freedom.
6. Conservation status: Classified as “vulnerable” by the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to population decline.
7. Cultural importance: It is a national symbol in several Andean countries and plays an
important role in local mythologies and traditions.
8. Threats: It faces risks from habitat loss, hunting, poisoning and a decrease in its food
source.
9. Conservation: There are conservation and reintroduction programs to help stabilize
their populations.
• Why is endangered?
Due to habitat loss, poaching, and poisoning by toxic substances in carrion. In addition,
the decrease in their natural food, due to agricultural and livestock practices, also
contributes to their population decline. The fragmentation of their territory and
persecution by humans further aggravate the situation.
• What can be done to preserve the species?
To preserve the Andean condor, the following strategies can be implemented:
1. Habitats protection: Ensure that their natural habitats are protected from
deforestation, mining and urban development.
2. Education and awareness: Inform communities about the importance of the
condor and its role in the ecosystem.
3. Monitoring and research: Conduct studies on their populations and behavior to
better understand their needs and threats.
4. Captive breeding programs: Establish initiatives that help reproduce condors in
captivity and reintroduce them into the wild.
5. Regulation of the use of poisons: Prohibit or regulate the use of poisons in
agriculture and livestock that affect these birds.
6. International collaboration: Work with other countries in the region to coordinate
conservation efforts.
ANIMAL 4: ANDEAN CAT.
• Brief review.
The Andean cat is a mountain feline that lives in the Andes of South America, from
Peru to Argentina. With a light gray coat and dark spots, it blends perfectly into its
surroundings. It is a solitary hunter, active mainly at dawn and dusk, feeding on small
mammals and birds. Classified as vulnerable, it faces threats such as habitat loss and
the decline of its prey. Its conservation is essential to maintain the ecological balance in
its habitat.
• Important facts.
1. Scientific name: Leopardus jacobita.
2. Distribution: Andes, from southern Peru to northern Chile and Argentina.
3. Habitat: Prefers altitudes of 3,000 to 5,000 meters in grasslands and bushes.
4. Size: Measures between 60 and 80 cm in length, excluding the tail.
5. Diet: It feeds mainly on rodents, birds and rabbits.
6. Conservation status: Classified as vulnerable by the IUCN.
7. Reproduction: Gestation lasts approximately 75 to 80 days, with a litter of one to
four puppies.
• Why is endangered?
The Andean cat is in danger of extinction due to habitat loss due to agriculture,
urbanization and mining, as well as poaching for its fur. The decline in prey, such as
rodents, also impacts their survival. Furthermore, climate change and population
fragmentation make reproduction and genetic exchange difficult.
These threats have led to its classification as vulnerable, underscoring the urgent need
for conservation measures
• What can be done to preserve the species?
To preserve the Andean cat, it is key to protect its habitat, monitor its population and
promote education about its importance. It is also essential to combat poaching and
restore degraded areas. International collaboration will strengthen these efforts.
ANIMAL 5: ANDEAN TAPIR.
• Brief review.
The Andean Tapir (Tapirus pinchaque), also known as the Mountain Tapir, is a species
of perissodactyl mammal that lives in the mountains of South America, especially in
Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. It is the smallest of the tapirs, measuring between 2 and
3 meters long and weighing up to 250 kilograms. Its dark brown fur allows it to
camouflage itself in its environment and its elongated snout helps it feed on leaves
and branches.
It prefers mountainous areas with dense vegetation, such as cloud forests and moors,
and can live between 1,500 and 4,200 meters above sea level. Mainly nocturnal and
solitary, sometimes grouped in families. In addition, it is a good swimmer and seeks
refuge in the water to escape from predators.
• Important facts.
“The mountain tapir plays an important role as an ‘architect’ of the forest, dispersing
seeds and eating fresh shoots of plants. If the mountain tapir did not exist, the moorland
and montane forest ecosystem would see the loss of a key species in its maintenance,
and this in turn would affect the surrounding human populations that depend on the
ecosystem services provided by the forest, for example, the provision of water, and many
others,” says José Luis Mena, director of Sciences at WWF Peru.
The latest effort to raise awareness of the danger faced by this species was carried out
by an unexpected actor: the Central Reserve Bank, and consisted of minting a new one-
sol coin with its image, for which the technical support of WWF was counted on. This is,
perhaps, the greatest effort to make Peruvians aware of this extraordinary mammal,
whose population could decrease by more than 50% in the following decades, unless we
take the necessary conservation actions. The new coin is a first step, as is informing and
involving the population in this path.
• Why is endangered?
The Andean Tapir is endangered for several reasons:
1. Habitat loss: Deforestation and agricultural expansion have significantly reduced its
natural habitat, especially in mountainous areas.
2. Habitat fragmentation: Road construction and urbanization divide their territories,
making it difficult for them to move and access resources.
3. Poaching: Illegal hunting for their meat and skin poses a significant threat to their
population.
4. Climate change: Alterations in climate patterns affect their habitat, impacting food
availability and the ecosystems they depend on.
5. Competition and predators: Habitat loss can also increase competition with other
species and expose the Andean tapir to more predators.
These factors combined have led to the Andean tapir being classified as
"Endangered" on the International Union for Conservation of Nature red List,
highlighting the urgent need for conservation measures.
• What can be done to preserve the species?
To preserve the Andean tapir and its habitat, various actions can be implemented:
1. Habitat protection: Establish and manage protected areas that ensure the
conservation of their natural environment.
2. Reforestation: Promote reforestation projects in degraded areas to restore habitat
and increase connectivity between populations.
3. Education and awareness raising: Informing local communities about the importance
of the Andean tapir and the ecosystems they inhabit, promoting their conservation.
4. Controlling poaching: Strengthen surveillance and laws against illegal hunting, as well
as implement monitoring programs.
5. Research and monitoring: Conduct population and behavior studies on the Andean
tapir to better understand its needs and threats.
6. Sustainable development: Promote sustainable agricultural practices that minimize
agricultural expansion and deforestation in their habitat.
7. Community collaboration: Involving local communities in the conservation and
management of natural resources, promoting ecotourism and economic alternatives.
8. Conservation policies: Support and promote policies that protect biodiversity and
mountain ecosystems.
These actions can contribute to the preservation of the Andean tapir and its
environment, ensuring its long-term survival.