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Understanding the OSI Network Model

The document provides an overview of network models, specifically focusing on the OSI model, which is a layered framework for network communication. It outlines the seven layers of the OSI model, detailing the functions of each layer, and compares it with the TCP/IP model. Additionally, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the OSI model in data communication.

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32 views6 pages

Understanding the OSI Network Model

The document provides an overview of network models, specifically focusing on the OSI model, which is a layered framework for network communication. It outlines the seven layers of the OSI model, detailing the functions of each layer, and compares it with the TCP/IP model. Additionally, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the OSI model in data communication.

Uploaded by

ah.bijoy49
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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P age |1

CSE-2207 (Networks)
Course Teacher : Arshad Wasif
Slide 3: OSI Model
1. Network Models:
 For data communication to take place and two or more users can
transmit data from one to other, a systematic approach is required.
 It’s implemented using Models in computer networks and are known as
Computer Network Models.
 This approach enables users to communicate and transmit data through
efficient and ordered path.

 Network Model is like a blueprint for how devices communicate with
each other over a network. It defines the rules and structure of how data
is sent, received and processed.

 There’s a systematic approach which are responsible for establishing a
connection among the sender and receiver & transmitting the data in a
smooth manner respectively, those are Computer Network Models.
 A network is a combination of hardware and software that sends data
from one location to another.

2. OSI Model
 The OSI model is a layered framework for the design of network systems that
allows communication between all types of computer systems.
 OSI stands for Open System Interconnection.
 Organization is ISO: International Organization for Standardization
 It’s not a protocol, it’s a model.

 Open System is a set of protocols that allows any two different systems to
communicate regardless of their underlying architecture.
 OSI model is Open Source, because it fits anywhere.
 Any connection can be established using the OSI Model unless and until any
protocols are not used, as OSI Model does not support protocol establishment.
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3. OSI MODEL:

 There’re 7 layers.

 The
functionalities
are different
for each layer
& thus when
combined
together forms the OSI Model.

Visualization of OSI layers


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6. Layers in OSI Model


 Physical Layer
o Associated with electrical, mechanical and functional aspects of the
transmission media for sending and receiving info over internet.
 Data Link Layer
o It ensures the data framing.
o Error detection and control are enabled in this layer.
 Network Layer
o Responsible for establishing data communication channel between
multiple networks or devices or hosts or nodes.
o Responsible for end-to-end delivery.
o It controls the operation of the subnet and routing packet from source to
destination.
 Transport Layer
o Responsible for reliable process-to-process delivery.
o It acts as Network Independent Layer.
 Session Layer
o It provides appropriate sessions between users and entities.
o Can be skipped, if not required.
 Presentation Layer
o It provides appropriate representation of data through various data
presentation techniques.
 Application Layer
o Top most layer of the OSI Model.
o Responsible for providing interface between various user and application.

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7. Data exchange in OSI Model:


8. Difference between OSI & TCP Model:

Model OSI TCP/IP


Open Systems Transmission Control
Data in different
Interconnection Protocol / Internet Prot.
Layer
Layer 7 Layers 4 Layers

Application
Presentation Application Data
Session
Transport Transport Segment
Network Internet Packet
Data Link Frame
Link
Physical Bit

Combines some
Each layer has a distinct function and
functions into fewer
responsibility
layers
ISO: International
US Department of
Developed Organization for
Defense
Standardization
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9. Advantages of OSI Model:


 Most widely used.
 Each layer has its definite structure and functionality, which makes OSI model
simple and easy to use.
 It’s a general-purpose reference model that can be used for data
communication.
 Connection oriented and connection-less services are supported.
 Connection between any type of devise or host or hardware or software is
possible.

10. Disadvantages of OSI Model:


 For its inability to fit protocols, it was replaced by TCP/IP Model.
 Session and presentation layers don’t provide high end functionalities & are
not of much use as compared to other layers.
 Connection oriented
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Addresses in TCP/IP

 Physical Address

 IP Address  Port Address

Common questions

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Critical limitations of the OSI Model include its inability to fit protocols, leading to its replacement by the TCP/IP Model. Additionally, the Session and Presentation layers in the OSI Model do not provide highly useful functionalities compared to the other layers .

The OSI Model offers advantages such as being the most widely used due to its structured layer approach, supporting both connection-oriented and connectionless services, and providing a general-purpose reference model that simplifies the design of network communication systems .

The OSI Model ensures effective communication by defining rules and structures across seven layers, such as the Physical Layer handling the transmission media aspects, the Data Link Layer ensuring data framing and error control, and the Network Layer managing routing and end-to-end delivery .

The primary purpose of the OSI Model in computer networking is to provide a layered framework for the design of network systems that allows communication between all types of computer systems, facilitating data communication with a structured approach .

In the OSI Model, the Presentation Layer is responsible for the appropriate representation of data through various techniques, ensuring that data is in a usable format for the application. The Application Layer, being the top-most layer, interfaces directly with the user applications, managing how data is used by those applications .

The OSI Model consists of seven layers, each with distinct functions and responsibilities, while the TCP/IP model combines some OSI functions into four layers. The OSI Model was developed by ISO as a general-purpose framework, whereas the TCP/IP Model was designed by the US Department of Defense focusing on robust, efficient data transmission .

The Session Layer in the OSI Model provides sessions between users and entities, but its relevance in modern networking is considered limited as it can often be skipped if not required, reflecting its lower significance compared to other layers with more critical functionalities .

The Transport Layer of the OSI Model achieves reliable data delivery by handling process-to-process delivery of data, ensuring that it remains network-independent and reliable, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity of data communicated across networks .

The Data Link Layer in the OSI Model is responsible for ensuring data framing and enables error detection and control. It plays a critical role in maintaining data integrity during transmission between devices .

The OSI Model supports open system communication by providing a set of protocols that allow communication between any two systems regardless of their underlying architecture. In this context, an 'open system' refers to one where interoperability is a fundamental feature, allowing diverse computer systems to communicate .

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