BAZOOKA TUTORIAL CENTER CHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENT
Water and its Properties
1. Which of the following statements about the structure of water is incorrect? A.
Water has a bent molecular geometry
B. Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds
C. Water is a non-polar molecule
D. Oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen
2. Why does water have a high boiling point compared to other molecules of
similar molecular weight? A. It is a small molecule
B. It exhibits hydrogen bonding
C. It has a low molecular weight
D. It forms covalent bonds with other molecules
3. The density of water at 4°C is: A. 1.0 g/cm³
B. 0.9 g/cm³
C. 1.3 g/cm³
D. 0.8 g/cm³
4. Which of the following properties of water is directly responsible for its ability
to form a meniscus in a capillary tube? A. Surface tension
B. Polarity
C. High heat capacity
D. Cohesion
5. When water is heated from 0°C to 100°C, the energy required to change the
temperature is known as: A. Latent heat of fusion
B. Latent heat of vaporization
C. Specific heat capacity
D. Heat of reaction
6. Which of the following substances, when dissolved in water, will not increase
its conductivity? A. Sodium chloride
B. Potassium nitrate
C. Sulfur dioxide
D. Glucose
7. The phenomenon by which water rises in a narrow tube against gravity is
called: A. Evaporation
B. Capillary action
C. Condensation
D. Sublimation
8. Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water? A. Ice has a lower
density than water
B. Ice is a poor conductor of heat
C. Ice is less dense due to the hydrogen bonds forming a lattice structure
D. Ice molecules are less tightly packed than liquid water molecules
9. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of water’s high heat of
vaporization? A. Water’s ability to regulate body temperature
B. Water's role in cooling through sweating
C. Water’s ability to store large amounts of heat energy
D. Water’s high boiling point
10. Which of the following gases dissolves most readily in water? A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Hydrogen
Hardness of Water
11. Which of the following ions is primarily responsible for the hardness of water?
A. Sodium ions
B. Calcium ions
C. Chloride ions
D. Nitrate ions
12. Which of the following types of hardness in water is caused by the presence of
bicarbonate salts? A. Temporary hardness
B. Permanent hardness
C. Total hardness
D. Apparent hardness
13. The process of removing temporary hardness from water involves: A. Boiling
B. Adding sodium carbonate
C. Passing water through a filter
D. Using ion-exchange resins
14. Which of the following substances is commonly used to soften hard water by
precipitating calcium and magnesium ions? A. Sodium chloride
B. Sodium carbonate
C. Calcium hydroxide
D. Sodium bicarbonate
15. In the treatment of hard water, the reaction between calcium ions and sodium
carbonate produces: A. Calcium carbonate and sodium sulfate
B. Calcium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide
C. Calcium carbonate and sodium chloride
D. Calcium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate
16. Which of the following is true about permanent hardness? A. It can be removed
by boiling
B. It is caused by dissolved magnesium bicarbonate
C. It is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium chlorides and sulfates
D. It can be removed by adding sodium carbonate
17. Which of the following methods is used to remove both temporary and
permanent hardness from water? A. Ion exchange
B. Boiling
C. Filtration
D. Distillation
18. The presence of which compound would most likely indicate the presence of
hardness in water? A. Sodium chloride
B. Calcium sulfate
C. Sodium bicarbonate
D. Potassium permanganate
19. Which of the following is an advantage of using zeolite in water treatment? A. It
removes organic compounds
B. It softens water by removing calcium and magnesium ions
C. It purifies water by distillation
D. It removes dissolved gases from water
20. Which of the following ions is typically exchanged in the softening of hard
water using an ion-exchange resin? A. Sodium ions
B. Calcium ions
C. Chloride ions
D. Bicarbonate ions
Treatment of Town Water
21. Which of the following processes is used to remove large particles from water
before further purification? A. Filtration
B. Chlorination
C. Distillation
D. Flocculation
22. In the process of flocculation, which chemical is commonly used to assist in
the coagulation of suspended particles in water? A. Potassium permanganate
B. Sodium hydroxide
C. Aluminum sulfate (alum)
D. Sodium chloride
23. Which of the following chemicals is commonly added to drinking water to kill
bacteria and other pathogens? A. Chlorine
B. Potassium iodide
C. Sodium hydroxide
D. Sulfuric acid
24. The addition of which of the following to water helps in neutralizing acidic
pollutants? A. Sodium hydroxide
B. Calcium carbonate
C. Ammonium chloride
D. Sodium bicarbonate
25. The process of distillation in water purification involves: A. Boiling the water and
then condensing the vapor
B. Passing water through a carbon filter
C. Removing suspended particles by centrifugation
D. Adding chemicals to kill microorganisms
26. Which of the following methods is most effective for removing dissolved salts
from water? A. Filtration
B. Reverse osmosis
C. Boiling
D. Distillation
27. The purpose of aeration in water treatment is to: A. Remove heavy metals
B. Remove dissolved gases
C. Remove chlorine
D. Increase the pH of the water
28. Which of the following methods is most commonly used to remove pathogens
from drinking water? A. Filtration
B. Chlorination
C. Boiling
D. Distillation
29. In town water treatment, what is the primary purpose of using activated carbon
filters? A. To remove dissolved salts
B. To remove dissolved gases
C. To remove organic impurities and odors
D. To soften water
30. Which of the following statements is correct about the process of chlorination
in water treatment? A. Chlorine is added to water to remove excess oxygen
B. Chlorine is used to neutralize acidic pollutants
C. Chlorine kills harmful microorganisms in the water
D. Chlorine is used to remove dissolved solids
Advanced Questions on Water Chemistry
31. The solubility of which of the following gases in water increases with
increasing temperature? A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Hydrogen
32. The hardness of water is expressed in terms of: A. Molarity of ions
B. Total dissolved solids
C. Calcium carbonate equivalents
D. Conductivity
33. In water treatment, the coagulation process involves the formation of: A. Soap
scum
B. Large, flocculent particles
C. Hydrogen ions
D. Gaseous pollutants
34. Which of the following ions is responsible for causing both temporary and
permanent hardness in water? A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Phosphate
35. In the process of reverse osmosis, water moves from a region of: A. Higher
solute concentration to lower solute concentration
B. Lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration
C. Higher pressure to lower pressure
D. Lower temperature to higher temperature
36. Which of the following would be most effective for removing dissolved salts
and minerals from hard water in industrial applications? A. Boiling
B. Zeolite exchange
C. Reverse osmosis
D. Filtration
37. Which of the following would increase the rate of precipitation of calcium
carbonate in hard water? A. Increasing temperature
B. Decreasing pressure
C. Increasing concentration of bicarbonate ions
D. Decreasing pH
38. The solubility of calcium carbonate in water is influenced by: A. The
concentration of calcium ions only
B. The concentration of bicarbonate ions only
C. Temperature and the presence of CO₂
D. The presence of magnesium ions
39. Which of the following is most likely to increase the hardness of water in a
region? A. Increased rainfall
B. Increased urbanization with more industries
C. Increased evaporation rates
D. Increased plant life
40. In the treatment of hard water, ion-exchange resins work by replacing calcium
and magnesium ions with: A. Sodium ions
B. Chloride ions
C. Hydrogen ions
D. Potassium ions