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Physics Practical Experiments Guide

The document outlines various experimental methods for measuring physical properties, including the diameter of a wire using a screw gauge, vertical height using a sextant, moment of inertia of a metallic cylinder or rod, modulus of rigidity of a suspension wire, and coefficient of viscosity of water by Poiseuille’s method. Each method includes principles, observations, and formulas for calculations. Statistical analysis is applied in some cases to assess measurement accuracy.

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11 views3 pages

Physics Practical Experiments Guide

The document outlines various experimental methods for measuring physical properties, including the diameter of a wire using a screw gauge, vertical height using a sextant, moment of inertia of a metallic cylinder or rod, modulus of rigidity of a suspension wire, and coefficient of viscosity of water by Poiseuille’s method. Each method includes principles, observations, and formulas for calculations. Statistical analysis is applied in some cases to assess measurement accuracy.

Uploaded by

sbhumika1992
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Measurement of the Diameter of a Wire Using Screw


Gauge and Statistical Analysis
Principle:

A screw gauge is used to measure the small dimensions of an object with high precision. The
diameter of the wire is measured multiple times, and statistical methods (mean, median,
mode, and standard deviation) are applied to analyze random errors in observations.

Observations:

 Least count of the screw gauge = ____ mm


 Zero error of the screw gauge = ____ mm
 Observations of diameter of the wire (in mm):

Trial No. Diameter (mm)


1 ____
2 ____
... ....

 Mean Diameter = ____ mm


 Median Diameter = ____ mm
 Mode = ____ mm
 Standard Deviation = ____ mm

2. Measurement of a Suitable Vertical Height Using


Sextant
Principle:

A sextant is an optical instrument used to measure the angle of elevation of an object. Using
trigonometric relations, the vertical height can be determined. The basic formula is:

h=dtanθ

where h is the height, d is the horizontal distance, and θ is the angle of elevation.

Observations:

 Distance from the object = ____ m


 Angle of elevation (θ) = ____ degrees
 Calculated height (h) = ____ m
3. Determination of the Moment of Inertia of a Metallic
Cylinder/Rectangular Rod
Principle:

The moment of inertia (I) of a rigid body about an axis through its center of gravity is given
by standard formulas:

 For a cylinder: I=1/2 * (M * R^2)


 For a rectangular rod about its center: I=1/12 * [M*(L^2+B^2)]

where M is mass, R is radius, L is length, and B is breadth.

Observations:

 Mass of the metallic body = ____ kg


 Dimensions: Length = ____ cm, Breadth = ____ cm, Radius = ____ cm
 Calculated Moment of Inertia = ____ kg·m²

4. Determination of Modulus of Rigidity of the Material of


a Suspension Wire by Dynamical Method
Principle:

The modulus of rigidity (η) of a wire is determined using torsional oscillations. The relation
is:

η = (8πI*n)/(l * T^2)

where:

 I = Moment of inertia of the suspended body


 n = Radius of the wire
 l = Length of the wire
 T = Time period of oscillation

Observations:

 Mass of the suspended body = ____ kg


 Radius of the wire = ____ mm
 Length of the wire = ____ cm
 Time for 10 oscillations = ____ s
 Time period (T) = ____ s
 Calculated modulus of rigidity = ____ N/m²

5. Determination of the Coefficient of Viscosity of Water


by Poiseuille’s Method
Principle:

Poiseuille’s law states that the volume V of a liquid flowing per second through a capillary
tube is given by:

η= [πr4(P1−P2)]/ 8LV

where:

 η = Coefficient of viscosity
 r = Radius of capillary tube
 L = Length of the tube
 P₁ - P₂ = Pressure difference

Observations:

 Radius of capillary tube = ____ mm


 Length of the tube = ____ cm
 Volume of water collected = ____ mL
 Time taken = ____ s
 Calculated viscosity (η) = ____ N·s/m²

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