DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

DIVISION OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE CITY

12
San Ignacio St., Poblacion, City of San Jose del Monte 3023

LEARNING
ACTIVITY SHEETS
(LAS)
Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 – Week 7 :
Presentation of Written
Review of Related Literature
(CS_RS12-If-j-9)
Pretest
Directions. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. All of the following is TRUE about review of related literature EXCEPT:

a. It creates a "landscape" for the reader to help them to fully
understand the developments in the field
b. It is a comprehensive summary of previous research related to your
research topic
c. It should be searched and synthesized after the research title will be
presented.
d. Its references can be surveys, scholarly articles, books, and other
sources relevant to a particular area of research

2. Which of these are examples of primary sources?

a. letters, correspondences, diary, memoirs, autobiographies, official or
research topics, patents and designs and empirical research articles.
b. encyclopedias, dictionaries atlases and handbooks.
c. Wikipedia, quora, bogspots and post from social media
d. academic journal articles, conference proceedings, books and
documentaries.

3. In-text citation can be found in within the _______________ of your paper.

a. introduction
b. body
c. end
d. frontpage
4. What citation style have elements inside the parenthesis and placed at
the end of a sentence?
a. In-text
b. Out-text
c. Parenthetical
d. Narrative Citation

5. When you should include only the first author’s last name then “et al.” in
every citation?
a. If there are more than two authors
b. If there are more than three authors
c. If there are more than four authors
d. If there are more than one authors

6. If there are two author you must include ____________________.

a. both authors’ last names in every citation
b. only the first author’s last name then “et al.” in every citation
c. Organization name
d. First words of their articles
7. If no author’s or organization’s name in your source you must use the
_____________.
a. title of the source
b. first three words of the title
c. website name
d. n/a

8. If your source has no date, you should write___________________.

a. no date
b. n.d.
c. n.a.
d. not applicable

9. In citing a source found in another source you must do the following

EXEPT:
a. The author of the source you read goes after the words “as cited in”.
b. Include only the source you read in your reference
list.
c. Include the original source’s year of publication if known, otherwise
omit it.
d. Include both original and the source you read in your reference list

10. All of the following is true about long quotation EXCEPT:

a. it includes 40 or more words
b. it should be introduced with a complete sentence and a colon.
c. block format should be used indenting all lines approximately half
an inch
d. quotation marks must be used to show that it is not paraphrased

11. Which of this is the correct pattern for a reference list entry?
a. author(s), date of publication, retrieval Information, title of work
b. author(s), date of publication, title of work, retrieval Information
c. author(s), title of work, date of publication, retrieval Information
d. author(s), date of publication, retrieval Information, title of work

12. Author (full date published) Webpage Title. Site Name. URL for the
webpage is the format you should follow if your source is
from___________________.
a. journal article
b. chapter in an edited book
c. book (with edition stated)
d. webpage on website
13. Which of these contain your discussion of sources and is organized either
chronologically, thematically, or methodologically?
a. body
b. introduction
c. conclusion
d. recommendation
14. Which part gives a quick idea of the topic of the literature review, such as
the central theme or organizational pattern?
a. body
b. introduction
c. conclusion
d. recommendation
15. Which of these is the correct arrangement of the process of synthesizing
literature?
I. Describe, summarize, analyze, and identify key concepts
II. Gather literature that addresses your research question
III. Compare & contrast, critically evaluate and interpret to draw
conclusion
a. I, II, III
b. III, II, I
c. I, III, II
d. II, I, III

Objectives
In this Learning Activity Sheet, you are expected to present written
review of related literature. In accordance with MELC (CS_RS12-If-j-9), we will
specifically target the following objectives:
1. Select relevant literature;
2. Cite literature using standard styles;
3. Synthesize information from relevant literature; and
4. Write coherent review of literature;
Learning Competency: Presents written review of related literature and
conceptual framework (CS_RS12-If-j-9)

Key Concepts
Select Relevant Literature
A literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous research
related to your research topic. Surveys, scholarly articles, books, and other
sources relevant to a particular area of research can be a reference in
reviewing literature. The review should enumerate, describe, summarize,
objectively evaluate and clarify this previous research. Literature review
creates a "landscape" for the reader to help them to fully understand the
developments in the field. With this, readers will be informed that the
researchers assimilated the previous significant works in the field into their
research.
Here are the purposes of a literature review.
1. Provide foundation of knowledge on topic
2. Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication and give credit
to other researchers
3. Identify inconstancies: gaps in research, conflicts in previous studies,
open questions left from another research
4. Identify need for additional research (justifying your research)
5. Identify the relationship of works in context of its contribution to the
topic and to other works
6. Place your own research within the context of existing literature making
a case for why further study is needed.
Sources of Literature Review
1. Primary Sources. are immediate, first-hand accounts of a topic, from
people who had a direct connection with it. Primary sources can include
letters, correspondences, diary, memoirs, autobiographies, official or
research topics, patents and designs and empirical research articles.
2. Secondary Sources are one step removed from primary sources, though
they often quote or otherwise use primary sources. They can cover the
same topic but add a layer of interpretation and analysis. Secondary
sources can include academic journal articles (other than empirical
research, articles or reports), conference proceedings, books
(mimeographs or chapters of books) and documentaries.
3. Tertiary sources. Examples of tertiary sources are encyclopedias,
dictionaries atlases and handbooks.

Citing Related Literature Using Standard Styles

To avoid being charged of plagiarism, researchers must cite their

references properly. It makes the readers easily locate the original source.
Missing citations give the impression that a person is trying to take credit for
the work of others. One of the styles that is commonly used in many schools
and universities in the Philippines is APA style. APA style was created by the
American Psychological Association (APA). There are many different style
guides (e.g., MLA, Chicago, SAA, Harvard), and each one is basically a set of
standard rules for referencing and formatting documents. APA 7th Edition -
Guide to Referencing (2020-2021) handout of Mount Royal University is the
main source of information for this learning activity sheet.

Two Parts of Referencing

1. In-text citations (within the body of your paper): Each in-text citation
gives just enough information on a particular source to “point” the
reader to the corresponding, more detailed entry on the reference list.
 Educators and parents are becoming increasingly concerned about the

addictive properties of social media. A recent study of secondary school students in

the UK found that Instagram addiction was linked to declining mental health

(Taprobane & Boucher, 2018). Previous studies found a connection between

compulsive Facebook and Twitter use and anxiety (Kahale, 2016; Park, 2019). In

addition to mental health concerns, social media use has been . . .

2. The reference list (on a separate page at the end of your paper): This is
the list of sources you used and cited in your paper.

Kahale, D. (2016). The Facebook dilemma. University of Toronto Press.

[Link]
Park, J. (2019, May 29). Tweets, fake news, and anxiety. The New York Times.
[Link]
Taprobane, K., & Boucher, M. L. (2018). Secondary school students and Instagram
addiction. Journal of
Behavioral Health, 9(2), 124–149. [Link]

From the examples above, it is noticeable that the entries were

matched. All that was cited in the body of your paper must reflect in the
reference list.
Elements of an In-Text Citation
In-text citation always include:
1. author (e.g., last name of person(s), organization’s name)
2. year of publication
and sometimes include:
3. locator (e.g., page number, paragraph number, video time stamp)
If the researcher cite quotation, all elements should be present and if
summaries of paraphrases were cited locator is optional.
Format of Elements
There are two ways that you can use in citing your literature. These
are Parenthetical Citation and Narrative Citation. Both formats are equally
acceptable.

Parenthetical Citation Narrative Citation

All elements in parentheses at the end Author’s last name and year of
of a sentence. publication in the sentence.
Locator* (when applicable) in
parentheses at the end.
Short One researcher stated that “the ability Lee (2020) stated that “the ability to
quotation to think critically is needed in this think critically is needed in this
(up to 39 revolutionary age of technological revolutionary age of technological
words) change” (Lee, 2020, p. 82). change” (p. 82).
Paraphrase A recent study of students in the UK Taprobane and Boucher (2018) found
found that Instagram addiction was that for students in the UK, Instagram
linked to declining mental health addiction was linked to declining mental
(Taprobane & Boucher, 2018). health

Citing References Within Your Paper

Type of Citation Parenthetical Narrative
One author ----- (Ponce, 2019). Ponce (2019) argued that -----.
Two authors ----- (Ponce & Tolentino, 2017). Ponce and Tolentino (2017) found
Include both authors’ that -----.
last names in every
citation
Three or more ----- (Ponce et al., 2004). Simpson et al. (2004) found that -----
authors .
Include only the first
author’s last name then
“et al.” in every
citation
Organization without ----- (Philippine Red Cross, n.d.). Philippine Red Cross (n.d.) provides
common abbreviation -----.
Organization WITH The first time you cite the The first time you cite the source in
common abbreviation source in your paper: your paper:
----- (Food and Drug Food and Drug Administration
Administration [FDA], 2018). (FDA, 2018) warned that -----.
Every other time you cite that Every other time you cite that same
same source: source:
----- (FDA, 2018). WHO (2018) warned that -----.
Citing Information if Author and/or Date are Not Available
Missing Element What to Do Parenthetical Narrative
No author’s or Use the title of ---- (“Is Social Media,” The article “Is social media bad
organization’s the source 2019). for you? The evidence and the
name unknowns” (2019) noted that ---
NOTE: If the title is long, --. NOTE: Use quotation marks
use only the first few and capital letters for all major
words when using a words.
parenthetical citation.
No date Use n.d. ----- (Ponce, n.d.). Ponce (n.d.) emphasized -----.

Citing a Source Found in Another Source

Often an author cites someone else’s work. Wherever possible, it is
best to track down the original source of the idea. If this is not possible,
follow the format below, where Brolley is the source you read and Draleos is
the original source.
• The author of the source you read goes after the words “as cited in”.
• Include only the source you read (Brolleys’s article) in your reference
list.
• Include the original source’s year of publication if known, otherwise
omit it.
Parenthetical Narrative
Cleansing the skin is a fine balance between In 2017, Draleos explained to Fox News that
balancing the skin's hygiene and leaving cleansing the skin is a fine balance between
substances that are integral for the balancing the skin's hygiene and leaving
functioning of the skin. (Draleos, 2017, as substances that are integral for the
cited in Brolley, 2018) functioning of the skin (as cited in Brolley,
2018).
Brolley, 2018 is the source you read

The Format for Locators

Parenthetical Narrative
Page Numbers “-----” (Ponce, 2020, p. 36). Ponce (2020) proposed, “-----” (p. 36).
“-----” (Ponce, 2020, pp. 35–36). Ponce (2020) proposed, “-----” (pp. 35–36).
Paragraph “-----” (Ponce, n.d., para. 3). Ponce (n.d.) reported, “-----” (para. 3).
Numbers “-----” (Ponce, n.d., paras. 3–4). Ponce (n.d.) reported, “-----” (paras. 3–4).
Headings or “-----” (Gonzales, 2019, Proposed Gonzales (2019) suggested that “-----”
Section Names Solution section). (Proposed Solution section)
“-----” (Gonzales, 2019, “Ways” Gonzales (2019) suggested that “----”
section). (“Ways” section).
Slides “-----” (Tolentino et al., 2015, Tolentino et al. (2015) claimed, “-----”
Slide 8). (Slide 8).
Time Stamps “-----” (Ponce & Tolentino 2019, Ponce and Tolentino (2019) noted that “----
10:20). -” (10:20).
Tables “-----” (Philippine Statistics, 2019, Philippine Statistics (2019) found that “-----
Table 8). ” (Table 8).
Citing a Long Quotation (40 words or more)
To cite long quotation, do the following:

• Introduce the quotation with a complete sentence and a colon.

• Use a block format (indenting all lines approximately half an inch),
and do not use quotation marks.
• Long quotations should be used sparingly.

Wang et al. (2010) described effective time management as an ongoing process:

Time management takes self-awareness, planning, execution, and reflection. The
perception of time management is that once a schedule is created, the work is done, but that
is only the first step. Successful students are adaptable and able to make changes to a
schedule because they can purposefully and proactively move tasks around to adjust to new
situations. (p. 27)

Creating Your Reference List

The basic pattern for a reference list entry is:
Author(s) Date of Title of work Retrieval
publication Information
All names should For titles of works, capitalize only the first
be included even word, the word after a colon or a dash, and
if there are more proper nouns. Follow this APA rule even if the
original source you consulted shows the title
than three authors
with capital letters on all major words.

Here are examples of four common types of sources:

Book (with edition Authors (year published) Book title (book edition). Publisher
stated)
Touhy, T. A., & Jett, K. (2018). Ebersole and Hess’ gerontological nursing
and healthy aging (5th ed.). Elsevier
Journal Author (year published). Article title Journal Name, Volume(issue). DOI
article
Perrey, S. (2017). Do we perform better when we increase red blood cells?
The Lancet Hematology, 4(8), 344–[Link]://[Link]/10.1016/S2352-
3026(17)30123-0
Chapter in an Chapter Authors (year published). Chapter Title. Book Editors, Book Title
edited book (chapter page range). Publisher

Kushner, K. E., & Jackson, M. (2019). Health and wellness. In B. J. Astle &
W. Duggleby (Eds.), Canadian fundamentals of nursing (6th ed., pp.
1–17). Elsevier Canada.
Webpage on Author (full date published) Webpage Title. Site Name. URL for the webpage
website
Myles, R. (2019, November 27). MRU grads serve up sociology. Mount
RoyalUniversity. [Link]
/MediaRoom/Stories/[Link]
Synthesizing Information from Relevant Literature
To synthesize is to combine things into a coherent whole. In literature
review, the findings of the literature gathered and read are the “things” and
the conclusion draw from those findings is the “whole”. With this, you can
determine how the literature addresses your research question. In
synthesizing literature, the following process should be followed:

 Gather literature that addresses your research question

 Describe, summarize, analyze, and identify key concepts
 Compare & contrast, critically evaluate and interpret to draw
conclusion

Three Basic Elements of Literature Review

Like most of the academic papers, literature reviews must contain

at least three basic elements namely: introduction, body and conclusions
and/or recommendations. The following provides a brief description of the
content of each:

Introduction. Introduction gives a quick idea of the topic of the literature

review, such as the central theme or organizational pattern.
Body. Body contains your discussion of sources and is organized either
chronologically, thematically, or methodologically
Conclusions/Recommendations. Conclusions/Recommendations includes
the discussion about what you have drawn from reviewing literature.

Sample of Review of Related Literature

To achieve a long-term business success, customer must be satisfied with the

products or services offers by a business. Customer satisfaction is a marketing term that

measures how products or services supplied by a company meet or surpass a customer’s

expectation. It provides marketers and business owners with a metric that they can use

to manage and improve their businesses. Several studies generally defined customer

satisfaction and dissatisfaction as “the customer’s judgments concerning a business’s

success or failure in meeting expectations” (Kheng et al., 2010, as cited in

Chidambaram & Ramachandran, 2012). Moreover, MSG Experts Team (n.d) defined

customer satisfaction as "the number of customers, or percentage of total customers,

whose reported experience with a firm, its products, or its services (ratings) exceeds

specified satisfaction goals."(para. 8).

Nowadays customer satisfaction was one of the most important issues for

almost all organizations, especially for service organizations and there were many

factors that contributed to the success or failure of a business and customer satisfaction

was one of them. According to Business Case Studies (n.d), Customer satisfaction is at

the heart of the selling process. (“Why Customers are Important?”, para.3). It was

important because it provided marketers and business owners with a metric that they

used to manage and improved their businesses. (Beard, 2014, p.78). Al-Ghamdi (2015)

stated that there were six reasons why customer satisfaction was important. First, it was

a leading indicator of consumer repurchased intentions and loyalty. Second, it was a

point of differentiation. Then, it reduced customer churn. Furthermore, it increases

customer lifetime value. Moreover, it reduced negative word of mouth. Lastly, it was

cheaper to retain customers than to acquire new ones. In fact, Tsoukatos and Rand

(2006) explained that to protect market share or profit, organizations need to overcome

competitors through offering high quality products or services to ensure customer

satisfaction (p.12). Furthermore, Oliver (1980) indicated that “customer satisfaction

required full meeting customer expectations of products and services” (para. 4). When

performance matched or exceeded customer expectations for service, they were

satisfied. If not, they were not satisfied (Munusamy, 2006, p. 22).

Customers nowadays…

To sum it up, customer satisfaction was a key to create a long-term relationship

between entrepreneurs and their customers. This was a vital component of any business

because it provided marketers and business owners with a standard that were used to
 measure and improved business performance from a customer perspective. Not only it

was a leading indicator of consumer repurchase intentions and loyalty, but it was also

a great way to understand if they became long term repeat customers or even advocates.

It also provided the initial warning signs that a customer was discontented and

potentially at risked of leaving. With all these considered, customer satisfaction

provided businesses with crucial information to understand what aspects were

successful and where improvements need to be made.

Activity 1

Directions: True or false. Write T if the statement is true and F if otherwise.

1. Introduction is the part of literature review that gives a quick idea of

the topic of the literature review, such as the central theme or
organizational pattern.
2. In citing a source found in another source, the author of the source you
read goes after the words “as cited by”.
3. If date is not available, use “n.d.”.
4. If no author’s or organization’s name in the source, cite the website.
5. Forty (40) is maximum words allowed in short direct quotation.
6. If more than three authors, include only the first author’s last name
then “et al.” in every citation.
7. If the source has two authors, include the first author’s last names in
every citation.
8. Parenthetical citation is better than narrative.
9. Encyclopedias, dictionaries atlases and handbooks are examples of
tertiary sources.
10. To synthesize is to combine things into a coherent whole.
Activity 2
PRESENTATION OF WRITTEN REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Direction: Write a coherent Review of Related Literature for your chosen
research topic using proper citation. Consult minimum of thirty
sources.

Topic:
___________________________________________________________________________

Review of Related Literature

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 3
CREATING REFERENCE LIST

Directions: Create reference list for the literature you included in activity 2.
Follow proper citation.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Post-test
1. Which of these are examples of primary sources?

a. encyclopedias, dictionaries atlases and handbooks.

b. Wikipedia, quora, bogspots and post from social media
c. letters, correspondences, diary, memoirs, autobiographies, official or
research topics, patents and designs and empirical research articles.
d. academic journal articles, conference proceedings, books and
documentaries.
2. In-text citation can be found in within the _______________ of your paper.
a. introduction
b. frontpage
c. end
d. body
3. Which of the following is TRUE about review of related literature?
a. It creates a "landscape" for the reader to help them to fully
understand
the developments in the field
b. It is a comprehensive summary of previous research related to your
research topic
c. It should be searched and synthesized after the research title will be
presented.
d. Its references can be surveys, scholarly articles, books, and other
sources relevant to a particular area of research
4. You should include only the first author’s last name then “et al.” in every
Citation if there are more than ____________ authors.
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. one
5. Which of these should be included if there are two authors in your source?
a. both authors’ last names in every citation
b. only the first author’s last name then “et al.” in every citation
c. Organization name
d. First words of their articles

6. Which of the following choices is the citation style that have elements inside
the parenthesis and placed at the end of a sentence?
a. In-text
b. Out-text
c. Parenthetical
d. Narrative Citation
7. What should be written if the date is not available in your source?
a. no date
b. n.d.
c. n.a.
d. not applicable
8. What should be written if no author’s or organization’s name in your
source?
a. title of the source
b. first three words of the title
c. website name
d. n/a
9. Which of the following is NOT true about long quotation?
a. it includes 40 or more words
b. it should be introduced with a complete sentence and a colon.
c. block format should be used indenting all lines approximately half
an inch
d. quotation marks must be used to show that it is not paraphrased
10. Which of this is the correct pattern for a reference list entry?
a. author(s), date of publication, retrieval Information, title of work
b. author(s), date of publication, title of work, retrieval Information
c. author(s), title of work, date of publication, retrieval Information
d. author(s), date of publication, retrieval Information, title of work
11. In citing a source found in another source you must do the following
EXEPT:
a. The author of the source you read goes after the words “as cited in”.
b. Include only the source you read in your reference
list.
c. Include the original source’s year of publication if known, otherwise
omit it.
d. Include both original and the source you read in your reference list

12. Which of these contain your discussion of sources and is organized

either chronologically, thematically, or methodologically?
a. Conclusion
b. Body
c. Introduction
d. recommendation
13. Author (full date published) Webpage Title. Site Name. URL for the
webpage
is the format you should follow if your source is from___________________.
a. chapter in an edited book
b. webpage on website
c. journal article
d. book (with edition stated)
14. Which of these is the correct arrangement of the process of synthesizing
literature?
IV. Describe, summarize, analyze, and identify key concepts
V. Gather literature that addresses your research question
VI. Compare & contrast, critically evaluate and interpret to draw
conclusion
a. I, II, III
b. I, III, II
c. II, I, III
d. III, II, I

15. Which part gives a quick idea of the topic of the literature review, such as
the central theme or organizational pattern?
a. introduction
b. body
c. conclusion
d. recommendation
Answer Key to Pretest

15. d 10. d 5. a
14. a 9. d 4. c
13. a 8. b 3. b
12. d 7. a 2. a
11. b 6. a 1. c

References
APA 7th Edition - Guide to Referencing (2020) Mt. Royal University Accessed
October 28, 2020.
[Link]

Literature Review: Literature Review. LibGuides. Accessed October 15, 2020.

[Link]

Literature Review: What Is a Literature Review? Accessed October 15, 2020.

[Link]

Literature Reviews. Accessed October 28, 2020.

[Link]

Primary Sources: A Research Guide: Primary vs. Secondary Research Guides.

Accessed October 15, 2020.
[Link]

The Literature Review: A Research Journey: Overview. Research Guides.

Accessed October 28, 2020.
[Link]

Prepared:
Teacher-Developer: Rowena T. Ponce, Master Teacher II

Checked:
Content Evaluator: Michelle Del Valle, Teacher III
LR Coordinator: Ms. Mary Grace L. Sagun, T I
Language Evaluator: Mr. Billy Ray B. Manuel, Master Teacher II

Noted:
School Head: Ma’am Florida C. Gonzales, Principal II
 This material was contextualized and localized by the
Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS)
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE

MERLINA P. CRUZ PhD, CESO VI

Officer-in-Charge
Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

ERICSON S. SABACAN EdD, CESO VI

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROLANDO T. SOTELO DEM

Chief Education Supervisor
Curriculum Implementation Division

ANNALYN L. GERMAN EdD

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

MARLON P. DACLIS
English, Education Program Supervisor

ELVIRA S. DAZA
Public Schools District Supervisor

FLORIDA C. GONZALES PhD

Principal II
Sapang Palay National High School - Senior High School

ROWENA T. PONCE
Sapang Palay National High School - Senior High School
Writer / Illustrator / Layout Artist

L-JHAY B. BARTOLOME
Graceville Elementary school
Cover Art Designer

MICHELLE DEL VALLE

Sapang Palay National High School - Senior High School
Content Editor

BILLY RAY MANUEL

Sapang Palay National High School - Senior High School
Language Reviewer

EMERSON B. SANTOS
Sapang Palay National High School - Senior High School
Layout Evaluator