COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

WITH COORPERATION:

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET

PREPARED BY:
ANNUR AFZAN BINTI OTHMAN NUR AUNI IZZATI BINTI MOHAMAD
FATIMAH AZZAHRA BINTI HAMDAN NUR AZRIFAH BINTI JEMIAN
HERMAN HAN NUR ELLYA HANA BINTI MOHD RIZAL
MOHAMAD FAIZ DANIEL BIN MOHAMAD FIKRI NUR FARAH SYUHADA BINTI MD NADZIR
MUHAMAAD AMIRUL FADHLY BIN MUHAMAD AZMI NUR SABRINA
MUHAMMAD UMAIR MUQRIZ BIN AB RAZAK NURSYAZA FARHANAH BINTI MOHD ZIN
NADIAH AQILAH BINTI SHAMSUL AZHAR SERI NUR ALANI FATINI AYU BINTI ABDUL HAKIM
NUR ANIS BINTI ABDUL JALIL ZULAIKZAHIRA BINTI ZALIZAN

LECTURERS:
DR. MOHAMAD FADHLI BIN RASHID
FOREWORD
This report, Comparative Rural Economic Development in Desa
Ketapang and Desa Ponggok, aims to analyze and compare the
economic growth and sustainability efforts of two rural villages
in Indonesia. By examining their best practices, resource
utilization, and community involvement, we seek to provide
insights into effective rural development strategies. We hope
that this study serves as a valuable reference for policymakers,
researchers, and local communities striving for economic
progress and sustainability.

Thank you,
3rd Year SBEW’s 2024/2025
Bachelor of Urban and Regional Planning with Honours
Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to express our deepest gratitude to Universitas
Diponegoro (UNDIP) and Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) for
their cooperation and support in this research. Special thanks to
our lecturer, Dr. Mohamad Fadhli Bin Rashid , for his guidance
and valuable insights throughout the study.

We also extend our appreciation to the local communities of

Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok, whose participation and
willingness to share their experiences made this study possible.
Lastly, we acknowledge the efforts of our research team for
their dedication and commitment to completing this report.
 01 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 01
TABLE OF CONTENT

1.2 Aim and Objectives of Report 01

1.3 Report Structure 02

02 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Characteristic of Rural Economy 03

2.2 Best Practice 04 - 06

2.3 Factors 07

2.4 Impact 08

03 PROFILE OF VILLAGES

3.1 Location of Villages 09 - 10

3.2 Demography and Socioeconomy of Villages 11

3.3 Village’s Administration Structure 12 - 15

3.4 Village’s Asset and Resources 16 - 18

3.5 Village’s Main and Supporting Economy 19 - 21

 04 STUDY’S METHOD
TABLE OF CONTENT

4.1 Study’s Approach 22

4.2 Method of Data Collection 23
4.3 Method of Data Analysis 23

05 STUDY’S ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

5.1 Study’s Comparative Framework 24

5.2 Socioeconomy 25

5.3 Economy 26 - 27

5.4 Community Involvement & Culture 28 - 30

5.5 Environmental Sustainability 31 - 32

5.6 Impact 33

5.7 SWOT Analysis 34 - 35

5.8 Best Practices 36

 06 CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWORD
TABLE OF CONTENT

6.1 Conclusion 37
6.2 Significance of Study 37
6.3 Way Forword 38
6.4 Organization Chart 39
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF COMPARATIVE REPORT 1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF REPORT

Comparative Rural Economic Development refers to a systematic approach to

evaluating and enhancing the economic conditions of rural areas by AIM
comparing different villages. In this case study, Desa Ketapang and Desa
Ponggok have been selected as the research locations. Comparative Rural To compare and analyze best practices, influencing factors, and
Economic Development in Indonesia will be a reference for identifying best community impacts between two villages, providing insights for
practices and formulating actionable strategies that can be adapted to sustainable rural development strategies.
similar rural settings.

This report focuses on the economic initiatives, community involvement, and

resource utilization in Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok, [Link] initial
part of this report touches on the vision, mission and objectives of the report OBJECTIVES
as well as the purpose of preparing this report. In addition, this report
highlights the background of the study areas, which includes the profiles of To identify best practices applied in community development
both Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok. The profiles cover aspects of in each village studied.
location, demographic and socioeconomy , village administrative structures,
local assets and resources, and villages's main and supporting economy. To determine the factors that influence the best practices in
the villages.
Additionally, the second part of this report focuses on a comprehensive
comparative analysis of rural economic development in Desa Ketapang and
To determine the impact on the community/physical of the
Desa Ponggok, with an emphasis on socioeconomics, economy, community
villages.
engagement, culture, environmental sustainability, and overall impact. The
study findings are illustrated through bar charts, spider web charts, and
detailed SWOT analysis, revealing the strengths, challenges, and opportunities To carry out a comparative study between two villages to
in each village's development approach. By identifying best practices in Desa understand the similarities and differences in development
Ponggok and Desa Ketapang, this report will provide valuable insights and approaches and their effects.
actionable strategies to foster sustainable and inclusive rural development
that can be adapted to similar contexts.

Source : website

01
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 1
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

REPORT STRUCTURE
1.3 INTRODUCTION
1.0
This report is prepared for the purpose of giving a brief overview of the Comparative Rural Economic Development
for Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok.

CHAPTER 1
This chapter introduces the study of
rural economic development,
CHAPTER 2 outlining the report’s aims,
This chapter explores key objectives, and structure to provide
aspects of the rural economy, a foundation for the analysis ahead.
focusing on its characteristics,
best practices, influencing Backgound of Comparative
factors, and the impacts that Rural Economic Development for
shape its development Desa Ketapang and Desa
Ponggok
Characteristic of Rural Aims and Objective
Economy Report Structure
Best Practices
Factor
Impact
CHAPTER 3
This chapter highlights the key
features of the villages, including
their location, demographics,
CHAPTER 4 economy, administration, and
This chapter outlines the resources.
methods used for data
collection and analysis in the Village Profile
study Location of Villages
Demography and Socio-
Study Approach economy of Villages
Method of Data Village’s Administration
Collection Structure
Method of Data Analysis Village’s Asset and Resources
Village’s Main and Supporting
Economy

CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 5
This chapter summarizes the
This chapter outlines the study’s
key findings of the study,
analysis, including a SWOT
highlights the significance
analysis and best practices from
of the research, and offers
Desa Ketapang and Desa
recommendations for future
Ponggok
directions in the field
Study’s Comparative
Conclusion
Framework
Significance of Study
Study Analysis
Way Forward
SWOT Analysis
Best Practices of Desa
Ketapang and Desa Ponggok

02
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
LITERATURE
REVIEW
CHAPTER 2
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL AREAS Human Capital

The characteristics of rural areas refer to the key aspects that influence Human capital is a critical characteristics that involves education and skill
process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of people in development in rural areas. Access to quality education enables individuals to
rural areas. The characteristics include economy, demographic (population), acquire the skills needed for improvement in economic rural development.
human capital, and infrastructure. Each characteristics plays a crucial role in Enhancing rural capital empowers rural communities to take an active role in
shaping rural areas. Understanding these characteristics provides a their development, fostering innovation and resilience.
foundation for implementing effective rural economic development.

Economy Infrastructure

The rural economic sector primarily focuses on agriculture and natural Infrastructure and amenities one of the backbone of rural development by
resources. Most of rural communities depend on farming, fishing and other providing the necessary support for economic activities in rural areas.
resources-based activities for their livelihood. This reliance stems from the Developing transportation systems such as roads improves market access and
availability of vast natural resources in their areas. This reliance also plays a connectivity. Expanding access to basic utilities like electricity and clean
vital role in economic growth such as boost productivity and income for rural water enhance economy activities and living conditions. By investing in
communities. infrastructure, rural areas can fulfill their potential, paving the way for
economic development.

Source : website Source : Field work, 2024

Figure 2.1.1 : Tea plantation Figure 2.1.2 : Farmers are harvesting rice

Demographic
(population)

The demographic characteristics focuses on population dynamics including

size, composition and migration patterns which influence rural development. In
Malaysia, many rural areas face challenges such as aging populations and
youth migration to urban areas like Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru in search of
better job opportunities. By managing demographic trends effectively, rural
areas can maintain a stable and production population, which is crucial for
long-term development.

Source : website

03
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 2
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

In addition, there are Small and Medium Industries (SMIs) in this village that
2.2 BEST PRACTICE play an important role in boosting the local economy through the businesses
run. Sambal hitam is one of the standout products produced by small-scale
entrepreneurs in this village, which has a positive impact on the village's
i. KAMPUNG PERUAS, ULO DONG, RAUB, PAHANG economy by providing income to the small business owners.
Kampung Peruas is a traditional village located in Mukim Ulu Dong, Raub
district, Pahang, approximately 36 km from Bandar Raub. The village is
surrounded by a hilly rainforest reserve rich in natural resources such as flora,
fauna, rocks, rivers, and the Lata Jarum waterfall, making it famous for its
natural beauty. The main economic activities of the village are agriculture and
tourism.
Factors Behind the Success of Rural Economy in Kampung Source : website Source : website
Peruas : Figure 2.2.3 : Silat performance presented
at the wedding ceremony Figure 2.2.4 : Performance of Joget Pahang
Natural Resources
Kampung Peruas is richly endowed with natural resources that significantly
contribute to its economy and the livelihoods of its residents. The fertile land in Impact Behind the Success of Rural Economy in Kampung
the area supports a variety of agricultural activities, including the cultivation of Peruas :
commercial crops such as durian, rubber, and oil palm, which are important Enhancement of Tourism Attraction
sources of income for the local farmers. Natural resources like the Lata Jarum waterfall and the Rafflesia flower
significantly enhance Kampung Peruas’ tourism appeal. These attractions,
The river flowing through the village is another important resource, not only alongside the clean and fast-flowing river, draw tourists for recreational
contributing to the irrigation of agricultural land but also boosting the tourism activities such as swimming, fishing, and picnics. The ecotourism potential
sector in the village. The clean, fast-flowing river is a major attraction for helps in generating revenue for the local community and creating employment
tourists, offering opportunities for recreational activities such as picnics, opportunities.
fishing, and swimming. Furthermore, the presence of the Lata Jarum waterfall
enhances the village's appeal as a natural tourism destination, contributing to Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Economic Development
the growth of the ecotourism industry. Additionally, the Rafflesia flower found Kampung Peruas’ rich cultural traditions, including Joget Pahang and Silat, not
at Lata Jarum serves as a major tourist attraction, further increasing the only strengthen the village’s identity but also attract cultural tourism. Events
village’s appeal to visitors. and performances showcasing these traditions provide economic
opportunities for locals while ensuring the preservation of heritage. Tourists
seeking authentic cultural experiences contribute to the growth of local
businesses.
Diversification of Income Sources
The synergy between natural resources, cultural heritage, entrepreneurship,
and SMIs has led to diversified income sources for Kampung Peruas’ residents.
This diversification strengthens the community's resilience, ensuring a
sustainable and adaptable rural economy.
Source : website Source : website
Figure 2.2.1 : Lata Jarum Waterfall Figure 2.2.2 : Rafflesia at Lata Jarum

Cultural Heritage and Community Traditions

Cultural heritage and community traditions are fundamental aspects that
contribute to the sustainability of Kampung Peruas. These traditions not only
preserve the village's unique identity but also serve as key attractions for
tourists. The practice of local customs, such as the traditional dance of Joget
Pahang and the martial art of Silat, helps preserve the uniqueness of the
village.
Entrepreneurships
Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the rural economy of Kampung
Peruas. The village has witnessed the growth of small-scale, locally-owned
businesses such as chalets, homestays, and art galleries, contributing to the
diversification of the local economy. Source : website

Source : website

04
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 2
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

i. BAN KHIRIWONG’S VILLAGE IN NAKHON SI THAMMARAT, Natural Tourism Resources

THAILAND The natural tourism resources are forest, waterfalls and various kinds of plants,
animals, orchids. Khiriwong is very popular among the tourists who love and
Ban Khiriwong, located in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, is a sustainable admire the nature and trek along the way up to the top of Khao Luang (Mt
village known for its natural beauty and eco-friendly practices. Its economy is Luang). The Khiriwong Village is like the entrance to the national park, as
based on agriculture, producing tropical fruits using environmentally friendly almost all tourists who love to trek must start from the village, where they
methods, traditional handicrafts such as natural tie-dyed fabrics, and learned the lifestyle of the Khiriwong people and study the past, current and
ecotourism. The village offers homestays and nature experiences, ensuring future happenings in the village.
that economic benefits are shared while preserving its culture and
environment. It serves as a model for sustainable rural development.

Factors Behind the Success of Rural Economy in Ban

Khiriwong’s Village :

Sustainable Agriculture
The village's commitment to environmentally friendly farming practices has Source : website Source : website
played a significant role in its economic success. Local farmers use organic
Figure 2.2.9 : Waterfalls in Khiriwong, Thailand Figure 2.2.10 : Agro tourism
and sustainable methods, which not only enhance the quality of their produce
but also help preserve the ecosystem. This approach leads to higher-quality
Impact Behind the Success of Rural Economy in Ban
fruits such as durian, mangosteen, and rambutan, which are highly sought Khiriwong’s Village :
after in the market.
Economic Empowerment
The village’s reliance on eco-tourism, sustainable agriculture, and artisanal
crafts has generated stable income streams. These initiatives have reduced
reliance on external economic systems, fostering financial independence for
local families.
Preservation of Culture and Traditions
By integrating cultural practices into their economic activities, such as
traditional weaving and organic farming, the community has preserved its
cultural heritage while creating marketable goods that attract visitors.
Source : website Source : website Improved Standard of Living
The economic progress in Ban Khiriwong has led to improved infrastructure,
Figure 2.2.5 : Paddy field Figure 2.2.6 : Bamboo healthcare, and educational facilities, thereby enhancing the overall quality of
life for its residents.
Cultural Preservation and Handicrafts
The villagers take pride in their traditional crafts, such as tie-dyed fabrics
made from natural dyes. These crafts not only serve as an additional source of
income but also help preserve cultural heritage. The unique products are
highly valued by tourists and collectors, creating a niche market for local
goods.

Source : website Source : website

Figure 2.2.7 : Crochet crafts Figure 2.2.8 : Culture handicrafts Source : website

05
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 2
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

ii. DESA WISATA NGLANGGERAN, GUNUNGKIDUL, Impact of Rural Economy in Desa Wisata Nglanggeran,
YOGYAKARTA Gunungkidul,Yogyakarta
Nglanggeran is a village located in the Gunung Kidul Regency of the
Yogyakarta Special Region in Indonesia. Desa Wisata Nglanggeran, Ecotourism Initiatives
translated as Nglanggeran Tourism Village, is known for its efforts to promote The village may have implemented various ecotourism initiatives to protect the
cultural and eco-tourism. environment and promote sustainable tourism practices. This could include
guided nature walks, bird watching, and other eco-friendly activities.
Factors Behind the Success of Rural Economy in Desa Wisata
Nglanggeran,Gunungkidul,Yogyakarta :
Cultural Heritage
Natural Resources Nglanggeran is often celebrated for its rich cultural heritage. The village may
The natural resources of Desa Nglanggeran are central to its rural economic host traditional ceremonies, performances, and events that showcase the
success, providing a strong foundation for tourism, agriculture, and local customs and way of life.
community-based development. The Ancient Volcano (Gunung Api Purba)
serves as a unique geological attraction for ecotourism, complemented by the Job Creation
Embung Nglanggeran reservoir, which supports irrigation and offers scenic The village’s development has created numerous jobs not only in tourism but
views for visitors. also in supporting industries, including transport, hospitality, and services. As
the demand for tourism grows, more residents find employment opportunities
within the village, reducing migration to cities in search of work.

Youth and Community Involvement

The empowerment of the local community, particularly youth, is a cornerstone
of Nglanggeran’s economic development. By engaging in tourism
management and hospitality services, the local population has developed new
Source : website Source : website skills in customer service, tour guiding, and small business management. This
has led to greater self-reliance and economic empowerment, as many
Figure 2.2.11 : Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran Figure 2.2.12 : Embung Nglanggeran individuals and families have started small businesses catering to tourists.

Local Products and Crafts

Nglanggeran may have the chance to savor local dishes and traditional
culinary delights. Culinary experiences often play a significant role in
promoting the cultural identity of a [Link] addition to its famous
temples and lush landscapes, Yogyakarta is also a cradle of creativity, with
skilled artisans breathing life into age-old traditions.

Source : website Source : website

Source : website
Figure 2.2.13 : Griya Cokelat, “House of Figure 2.2.14 : Wood Carving Craftmen
Chocolate”

Community Empowerment
Community empowerment in Desa
Ponggok focuses on skill development,
effective tourism management, and
cultural preservation through training,
workshops, and capacity-building
programs. Youth involvement is
emphasized to ensure sustainability Source : website
and drive innovation for the village's
Figure 2.2.15 : Youth Community
future growth.

06
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 2
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

2.3 FACTOR OF RURAL ECONOMY

BEST PRACTICE
FACTOR
BEST PRACTICE 1 BEST PRACTICE 2 BEST PRACTICE 3

Natural Resources

Human Resources

Infrastructure

Leadership

Government Support

Education and Awareness

Community Organization

Social and Cultural

07
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 2
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

2.4 IMPACT OF RURAL ECONOMY

BEST PRACTICE
IMPACT
BEST PRACTICE 1 BEST PRACTICE 2 BEST PRACTICE 3

Job Creation

Infrastructure Development

Promotion of Local Entrepreneurship

Cultural Preservation

Diversification of Economy

Improved Standard of Living

Reduction in Poverty

Enhanced Social Equity

Improved Governance and Community Participation

08
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
PROFILE OF
VILLAGES
CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

3.0 PROFILE OF VILAGES

3.1 LOCATION OF VILLAGES

ge de
ang
n Kar
uka
n Sus
Jala

DESA KETAPANG
Desa Ketapang is a village located in Susukan District,
Semarang Regency, Central Java. Desa Ketapang is
located in the Kecamatan Susukan district of Kabupaten
Semarang. Kecamatan Susukan is an administrative
district in Semarang Regency, well known for its
agricultural activity and captivating scenery. The district
is part of the greater Semarang Regency, a major
administrative division in Central Java.

Map 1 : Map of Desa Ketapang

LEGEND:
Petani Padi Organik Al-Barokah

Road

River

Boundary Desa Ketapang

09
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

DESA PONGGOK
Ponggok is a village located in Polanharjo sub-district, Klaten, Central Java,
Indonesia with an area of 77.23 hectares and a population of 1,488 in 2017.
Ponggok Village has currently been developed into a water tourism village,
considering that Ponggok Village has abundant water potential. In Ponggok Village
there are several flags such as Umbul Besuki, Umbul Sigedang, Umbul Ponggok,
Umbul Kapilaler, and Umbul Cokro.
Due to Ponggok Village is strategically situated close to the main route that
connects Klaten City to other tourist attractions, it offers good accessibility.
Additionally, it is located between Solo and Yogyakarta, two large cities, which are
30 to 45 minutes away. This role makes Ponggok Village more accessible to both
domestic and foreign tourists.

k
S lan
Ja lan

jo
- Po lahar
nggu
Dela
Jalan

Map 2 : Map of Desa Ponggok Location

LEGEND:
Water Gong
Umbul
Pusur

GreenHouse Road
Ponggok
River
Kantor Desa
Ponggok Boundary Desa
Ponggok Ponggok
Paradeso

BUMDesa Tira
Mandiri

10
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIOECONOMY OF DESA PONGGOK

3.2
VILLAGES Ponggok Village, located in Polanharjo Subdistrict, Klaten Regency, Central
Java, Indonesia, has garnered attention for its innovative approach to rural
DESA KETAPANG development, particularly through the establishment of a successful tourism
sector.
Desa Ketapang is a village located within Ketapang Regency in West
Kalimantan, Indonesia.
i. Population
i. Population

Total Population of Desa Ketapang : Total Population of Desa Ponggok :

4, 804 residents 1,488 residents

ii. Economic Activities

ii. Economic Activities
Agriculture Fishery Tourism
Agriculture Fishery

iii. Socioeconomy
iii. Socioeconomy Tourism as the Economic Driver : Umbul Ponggok: The village’s main
Agriculture: Residents primarily engage in farming, cultivating crops such attraction is the natural spring, transformed into a unique underwater
as rice, maize, and cassava. photography and snorkeling site, drawing thousands of visitors.
Fishing: Proximity to rivers and coastal areas supports fishing as a Community Involvement and Empowerment : Active Participation: The
livelihood. residents are deeply involved in managing the village's resources,
Small Enterprises: Some villagers may be involved in small-scale trading or particularly through the village-owned enterprise (BUMDes Tirta Mandiri).
cottage [Link] Levels: Rural villages like Desa Ketapang often The socioeconomic transformation of Desa Ponggok demonstrates the
have lower income levels compared to urban centers, with many power of natural resource management, community involvement, and
households relying on subsistence farming and local trade. innovative governance. By balancing economic growth with social equity
Education and Literacy: Access to education in rural areas can be limited, and environmental sustainability, Desa Ponggok serves as a benchmark for
potentially resulting in lower literacy rates and educational attainment rural development in Indonesia and beyond.
compared to national averages.

Map 3 : Map of Desa Ketapang Location Map 4 : Map of Desa Ponggok Location

11
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

3.3 VILLAGE’S ADMINISTRATION STRUCTURE

DESA KETAPANG
The village boasts an exceptional organizational framework, pivotal to its remarkable success. This structure fosters unparalleled organization and discipline,
particularly evident in the seamless execution of agriculture endeavors.

Ahmad Khatibul Umam

Head of village
administrator

Ahmad Kamal Irfan

Zamzami

Village Secretary

2 4 6
Head of General and
Head of Welfare Section Head of Planning Affairs
Administrative Affairs

1 3 5
Head of Government
Section Head of Service Section Head of Financial Affairs

1 2 3

Head of Hamlet i Head of Hamlet ii Head of Hamlet iii

12
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

PADI ORGANIK AL-BAROKAH

The following is the organizational structure for Petani Padi Organik Al-Barokah of Desa Ketapang, Indonesia.

Drs. Mustofa

Leader

H. Muslih Maksum

Vice Leader

H. Basirun Mas’ud Arif Burhan

SIE
Treasurer Secretary

Maskuri Nur Azis Ahmad Royani Sopri N Fiqriyah Supinah Rondiyah

Production Input Warehouse Training and Education Women' s Empowerment

Mahmudi Mustofa Jawadi Aditya Taufiqurrohman Warnoto

IoT ( Internet of Things) Organic Rice Processing Marketing

13
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

DESA PONGGOK
This village stands out by its outstanding organisational structure, which is the basis of its outstanding achievements. This structure guarantees a high degree of
management and authority, which is especially noticeable in the effective and well-planned operation of tourism-related activities.

[Link] Mulyono, S.H

Head of Village
Administrator

Yani Setyadi

Village Secretary

Wahyu Sri Handayani

Ira Hermawati, S.E Laskar Rahmatullah Ratih Ayu Ratnawati, S.P

Head of Government Head of The Welfare Head of Financial Head of The

Office Department Department Administration and
General Department

Anidia Yuni Stevani Sunarno

Head of Service Head of Planning
Department Department

Sugeng Raharjo Andra Adriansyah M, [Link]

Village Head 1 Village Head 2

14
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

BUMDES TIRTA MANDIRI

The following is the organizational structure for BUMDes (Badan Usaha Milik Desa) of Desa Ponggok, Indonesia.

[Link] Mulyono, S.H

Head of Village
Administrator

Muhammad Hendrik Vidyanto

BUMDES Director

Sutrisno Kintan Khoirunisa

BUMDES Treasurer BUMDES Secretary

Budi Santoso Suyantoko Arum Setya Rini

Head of Trade and Head of Marketing Head of Financial
Services Department Department

Cahaya Rahayu

Financial Staff

15
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

3.4 VILLAGE’S ASSET AND RESOURCES

The assets and resources of an area are very important in improving and
strengthening the economy of the local population. This is because, it is a
resource that guarantees the survival of a place. In addition, it is also one of
the elements that show the wealth of an area.

DESA KETAPANG
Desa Ketapang in Susukan District, Semarang Regency, Central Java has a
good assets and resources that are able to sustain the life of the community in
the village. The diagram below shows the distribution of assets and resources
in Desa Ketapang.

Source: Field work, 2024

Figure 3.4.1 : Picture of paddy field in Pertanian Padi Organik Al Barokah

Agricultural Technology
This village has used innovative methods and the modern technology in rice
cultivation activities. The technologies they use is Internet Of Things (IoT) which
they use it for monitoring the field. Other then that, they also use a solar
system for the purpose of lighting at night so that the road is easier for the
villagers.

Source: Field work, 2024 Source: Field work, 2024

Figure 3.4.2 : Internet Of Things (IoT)

LEGEND:
Petani Padi Organik Al-Barokah

Paddy Field Cultivation Area

Road

River

Boundary Desa Ketapang

Map 5 : Map of Desa Ketapang Location

Agricultural Land
This village has fertile land and they grow rice as a source of food that can be
use in a long generations. Paddy field in Desa Ketapang almost 316 hectares.
One of the organization is Pertanian Padi Organik Al Barokah that has Source: Field work, 2024
practices the organic rice farming and contributes to sustainable agriculture
thus employing people from all ages. Figure 3.4.3 : Picture of Pertanian Padi Organik Al Barokah

16
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

DESA PONGGOK
Ponggok village is a village which naturally has abundant water [Link] village is considered blessed because it has great water potential. The
village, which is located in the Klaten area, Polan Harjo subdistrict was granted five springs or in Javanese called umbul, among others; Besuki, Sigedang-
Kapilaler, and Ponggok. Also, The village's excellent mineral water, which creates an ideal environment for the aquaculture sector, allows it to succeed in
freshwater fish farming, especially tilapia, in addition to tourism. Additionally, Ponggok's fertile soil and abundant irrigation water make it an agricultural
hotspot, especially for rice cultivation. Despite its potential, the agricultural sector has yet to receive the same level of attention as tourism and fisheries.

LEGEND:
Water Gong
Umbul
Pusur

GreenHouse Road
Ponggok
River
Kantor Desa
Ponggok Boundary Desa
Ponggok Ponggok
Paradeso Paddy Field
Cultivation Area
BUMDesa Tira
Mandiri

17
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

1. WATER SPRING
First, in the tourism sector, Ponggok Village is known as a prosperous village due to its abundant water springs. The village has successfully transformed
the potential of its water springs into a popular tourist destination. Several springs, or umbul, in Ponggok include Umbul Ponggok, Umbul Besuki, and Umbul
Sigedang. These tourist destinations have garnered significant enthusiasm from the local community as well as visitors from outside the area. The
existence of these springs has created job opportunities for the villagers. Therefore, the community is encouraged to actively participate in the
management and utilization of the village’s potential

Source: Field work, 2024 Source: Field work, 2024 Source: Field work, 2024
Figure 3.4.4 : Picture of Umbul Ponggok Figure 3.4.5 : Picture of Umbul Besuki Figure 3.4.6 : Picture of Umbul Sigedang

2. AQUACULTURE 3. AGRICULTURE
Second, in the aquaculture sector, Ponggok Village, located in Klaten, is In addition to the umbul tourism and fisheries in Ponggok Village, there is also
one of the producers of freshwater fish in the Klaten region. This is due to potential in the agricultural sector. A portion of the village population makes
the high-quality mineral water in Ponggok, creating an optimal their living as farmers. The abundant water resources serve as irrigation for
environment for productive fisheries. The quality mineral water facilitates the rice fields, and Ponggok Village also boasts very fertile soil. This allows
the optimal growth of freshwater fish, particularly nila (tilapia), which is farmers to grow rice optimally without facing water shortages. With abundant
the second major potential after the umbul tourism. With good cultivation natural resources, such as fertile soil and adequate irrigation water, the
techniques and a sustainable approach, the community can maximize the village has a golden opportunity to enhance agricultural production and
production of high-quality tilapia. This also creates local employment improve farmers' welfare.
opportunities, reduces unemployment rates, and strengthens community
bonds through collaboration in managing and utilizing available natural
resources.

Source: Field work, 2024 Source: Field work, 2024

Figure 3.4.8 : Picture of Agriculture sector
Source: Field work, 2024 Source: Field work, 2024
Figure 3.4.7 : Picture of Aquaculture sector

18
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

3.5 VILLAGE’S MAIN AND SUPPORTING

ECONOMY

DESA KETAPANG
The economic structure of Desa Ketapang reflects the broader dynamics of
Ketapang Regency, with agriculture, fisheries, and small-scale industries
serving as the village's primary economic drivers. Supporting sectors such as
local trade, tourism, and handicrafts further contribute to the community's
livelihood, promoting sustainable development in line with its rural character.

MAIN ECONOMY
A) Rice Farming Source: Field work, 2024 Source: Field work, 2024
As the main economic focus, rice farming is developed by Paguyuban Petani Figure 3.5.3 : The process of making fried shallots.
Al-Barokah, focusing on organic farming development with 26 hectares of
certified organic land and 45 hectares of semi-organic land currently Small businesses such as small grocery shops in Desa Ketapang, referred to as
transitioning. This activity provides farmers with the opportunity to produce retail grocery stores or "toko kelontong," are typically run by local residents,
high-quality products that command a higher market value. providing essential goods to the community. A small grocery store is also
included in UMKMs. These businesses contribute to the local economy by
offering convenient access to daily necessities and creating employment
opportunities within the village.

Source: Field work, 2024

Source: Field work, 2024
Figure 3.5.1 : Organic Rice Product
Figure 3.5.4 : Toko kelontong eceran

B) Farming
The livestock farming in Desa Ketapang involves various types of animals such
as cattle, goats, and chickens, which are managed by the local residents as a
primary source of income. This farming activity also contributes to the
management of self-sufficient food sources, reducing dependence on
external supplies and enhancing the food resilience of the local community.

Source: Field work, 2024

Figure 3.5.2 : Pertanian Organik Al-Barokah

SUPPORTING ECONOMY
A) Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (UMKM)
UMKMs in the area include the production of fried shallots and other food Source: Field work, 2024
products. These activities support the local economy by providing job
opportunities and additional income for the villagers. Figure 3.5.5 : Cattle pen & chicken coop

19
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

DESA PONGGOK MAIN ECONOMY

Desa Ponggok, located in Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia, is a notable
A) Eco - Tourism (Natural Springs and Water-Based Activities)
example of a rural village that transformed its economy through innovative
Desa Ponggok is renowned for Umbul Ponggok, a natural spring that has been
resource management and tourism. The village capitalized on its abundant
transformed into a thriving tourist destination. The spring offers unique
natural springs by developing Umbul Ponggok, a popular ecotourism
underwater experiences, including snorkeling, photography, and water sports,
destination known for its clear waters and unique underwater attractions. This
which draw both domestic and international visitors. This eco-tourism venture
initiative not only attracted local and international tourists but also generated
has become the village's main source of income, generating revenue through
significant revenue for the village. The income was reinvested in community
entrance fees, equipment rentals, and the bustling local shops surrounding the
development projects, including education, health services, and infrastructure.
area. Umbul Ponggok success showcases how natural resources can be
leveraged

Source: Field work, 2024

Figure 3.5.7 : Picture of Umbul Ponggok

B) Aquaculture
Desa Ponggok has effectively harnessed its abundant water resources to
develop a thriving aquaculture industry, focusing on the cultivation of various
freshwater fish species such as catfish, tilapia, and carp. These fish are raised
in well-maintained ponds and water systems fed by the village's natural
Source: Website
springs, ensuring a consistent supply of clean, oxygen-rich water that
Figure 3.5.6 : Picture of Desa Ponggok promotes healthy growth.

20
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

B) Creative Industries
Inspired by tourism, residents have developed creative businesses such as
crafting souvenirs and promoting local culture through art and performances.
Cultural performances have also become a vibrant part of the tourism
experience. Traditional Javanese dance, gamelan music, and wayang kulit
(shadow puppet shows) are often staged for visitors, offering an authentic
glimpse into the region's rich cultural history.

Source: Field work, 2024

Figure 3.5.8 : Picture of Aquaculture at Tirta Kamandu

SUPPORTING ECONOMY
A) Local Entrepreneurship
The tourism in Desa Ponggok has catalyzed the growth of various small
businesses, enriching the local economy and providing new income streams for
residents. Food stalls offering traditional snacks and meals have flourished,
catering to the diverse tastes of visitors. A particularly popular service is the
rental of underwater photography equipment, enabling visitors to capture
stunning and unique memories beneath Umbul Ponggok's crystal-clear waters.

Source: Website

Figure 3.5.10 : Creative Industries

C) Community Cooperative (Bumdes)

Desa Ponggok’s Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) is a remarkable example of
a successful community-managed business unit in Indonesia, designed to
empower local residents and foster sustainable development. Through diverse
economic ventures such as tourism, freshwater fisheries, agriculture, and
small-scale industries, BUMDes generates significant revenue while improving
the quality of life for the community. Its flagship initiative, Umbul Ponggok,
transformed a natural spring into a popular tourist destination, offering
activities like snorkeling and underwater photography.

Source: Field work, 2024

Figure3.5.9 : Local Entrepreneurship Figure 3.5.11 : Bumdes

21
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 STUDY
METHODS
CHAPTER 4
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

4.0 STUDY’S METHOD

4.1 STUDY APPROACH

Stage 3 : Preparation of a Comparative Report on Rural
The approach used to conduct this study is a mixed-methods approach, Economic Development
combining both quantitative and qualitative. This section will discuss the
overall research approach from the research stage carried out in terms of
Prepare the mission, vision and objectives of the report clearly and
study design, data collection, field studies & site visits, questionnaire
thoroughly.
instruments, sampling: respondents from the study population, and the
Analyze data obtained during field research in the form of trend
formation of data analysis procedures carried out.
analysis and so on in comparison between villages.
State and interpret the results or findings from the analysis and their
relationship to the research questions and objectives.
Summarize the results and findings of the study of both Desa
Stage 1 : Preliminary Study and Desk Study Ketapang and Ponggok in terms of lessons and best practices in the
management of economic activities.
Identify the main challenges and issues that rural communities want
to study or face.
Conduct a literature review first on the concept of village
characteristics, history and culture in general.
Collect background information and collect existing data from
secondary sources related to the focus of the study.
Formulate questions that help understand the study area.
Identify success factors and patterns that can influence the
economic progress of the village.
Source : Field work, 2024 Source : Field work, 2024
Figure 4.2 : Interview session with
Figure 4.1 : Field work in Desa Ketapang
Ketapang villagers

Stage 2 : Site Visit and Data Collection

Conducting semi-structured interviews for open-ended questions to

understand the best practices of villagers in managing the economy.
Implementation of questionnaire methods to obtain clearer and
broader information about best practices and factors of success or
failure in economic activities in the study area.
Field research activities such as surveys and observations in Desa
Ketapang and Desa Ponggok.
Identifying issues and recommendations during field research in the
study area. Source : Field work, 2024

Analyzing development issues and problems as well as identifying Figure 4.3 : Interview session with Pak Triyono, director of
sustainable resources that can be exploited for economic Umbul Sigedang in Desa Ponggok
development in Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok.

22
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 4
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

4.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 4.3 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

The data collection methods used in this study aim to ensure that the data Data analysis methods discuss data processing methods, data presentation,
obtained is relevant, accurate, and comprehensive. Mixed-methods approach data explanation and interpreting raw data from the study area to obtain
were employed, as outlined below: meaningful information. In this section, analysis will also be done using Mixed-

1
methods (Qualitative and Quantitative).

Comparative data analysis methods

1
Literature Review
Qualitative Analysis
A literature review was conducted by referring to various sources
such as academic journals, research articles, annual reports, and Qualitative analysis methods as a technique for understanding,
reference books. This method provided a foundation for interpreting, and exploring the meaning of non-numerical data such as
understanding theories, concepts, and previous studies related to text, audio, video, and observations. Specific method: Descriptive and
the research topic. SWOT analysis.

2
Descriptive Analysis
Descriptive analysis is a data analysis method to describe the
basic characteristics of study data and provide a general overview
of the data by summarizing it. Method tools: Bar Chart, Graf and
Questionnaire Table.

Questionnaires were distributed to respondents comprising the local SWOT Analysis

champion of each villages. The questionnaire included both closed- This SWOT analysis is used to identify Strengths(S),
ended and open-ended questions to collect quantitative and Weaknesses(W), Opportunities(O), and Threats(T) for internal and
qualitative data. The questions were designed to gather information external factors in the study area.
about the rural economic of each villages their best practices to
achieve the development in their village.
Quantitative Analysis 2
3
This analysis method is used for measurements, patterns, correlations,
and comparisons that can be quantified and explained numerically are
the main emphasis of this study. Specific method: Percentage and
Interviews Mean analysis

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with their village Percentage analysis

administration and the operator of the economic activity . These
interviews aimed to obtain in-depth insights on the issues under study Percentage analysis is used to research numerical data to
and to support the data collected through the questionnaire. understand the distribution, proportion, or relationship of data in
the form of percentage (%). Method tools: Bar Chart and Graf.

4
Mean analysis
Mean analysis helps in determining the middle value or average
value of a set of data categories. It facilitates the understanding
Observation of the general tendency in data that includes many values ​into a
single measure. Method tools: Spider Web.
Direct observation was carried out at [specify the location or
situation observed] to gain a clearer understanding of the actual Method tools Function
situation. This method allowed the researcher to obtain visual and
Provide detailed comparative data summaries in a
contextual data that might be difficult to capture using other Table structured and thorough format.
methods.
Bar Chart Shows comparisons between data groups or categories.
Identifying differences or comparing trends in data, such
Graph
as linear graphs or curves.
Comparing several variables simultaneously in a
Spider Web Chart
multidimensional form.
23
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 STUDIES
ANALYSIS AND
FINDINGS
CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

5.0 STUDY’S ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

5.1 STUDY’S COMPARATIVE FRAMEWORK

This section will explain the journey or stages of data that will be analyzed comparatively between the Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok. It is a general
overview of the comparative economic analysis that is carried out in stages until the final stage.

STUDY’S COMPARATIVE
FRAMEWORK

DESA KETAPANG DESA PONGGOK

FACTORS THAT AFFECT VILLAGE

ECONOMIC GROWTH

Village (desa) Characteristics

Comparative analysis of Ketapang and ponggok villages based on factors

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ECONOMIC FACTORS COMMUNITY & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL

FACTORS Main Economy FACTORS SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS
P otential Economy
Types of Occupations Community Participation Natural Environment
Economic Management
Household Income Community activities assets
Government Assistance
Trust and Norms Resource Management
Role of culture in the C ontribution of natural
economy resources
Cultural Asset

ECONOMIC IMPACT

Analysis of benefits derived from

the impact of the local economy

SWOT ANALYSIS

Overall analysis of study

findings from factors

ECONOMIC BEST PRACTICES

Identify the best economic practices

of Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok
supported by the study findings

24
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

5.2.2 Types of Work of the Respondent

5.2 SOCIO-ECONOMY
Types of Desa Percentage Desa Percentage
This socioeconomic analysis compares the rural economic development of
Work Ketapang (%) Ponggok (%)
Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok, focusing on how social and economic
factors influence their growth. The study will analyze factors such as
economic activities, income, employment, and social well-being to understand Private sector
0 0% 5 50%
their differing development paths, using bar charts for visualization workers

Government
0 0% 5 50%
Average sector worker
5.2.1 Income Status (IDR)
Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok Work alone
7 100% 0 0%
Income (farmer)
Desa Percentage Desa Percentage
Status (IDR)
Ketapang (%) Ponggok (%)
juta 1-5 juta
1-5 juta 6-10 juta

1-5 5 71% 4 50%

6 - 10 2 29% 1 12%

> 11 0 0% 3 38%
6-10 juta 1-5 juta
50% 50%
1-5 juta 6-10 juta 1-5 juta 6-10 juta >11 juta

6-10 juta
29%

>11 juta
38%
1-5 juta
100%
1-5 juta
50%
Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok

The analysis reveals that in Desa Ketapang, the primary occupation is farming,
1-5 juta
71% with 100% of respondents (7 respondents) identifying as farmers. This analyze
6-10 juta
that the economy of Desa Ketapang is largely based on agriculture while, in
12% Desa Ponggok, there is a more varied distribution of occupations. Half of the
Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok respondents 50%, (5 respondents) work in both the government and private
sectors. This diversity in employment can be linked to the development of the
tourism industry in Ponggok, particularly due to the popularity of Umbul
Based on table above ,The income distribution analysis reveals distinct Ponggok, a well-known tourist destination. The presence of both public and
differences between Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok . In Desa Ketapang, private sector workers in Ponggok reflects a more diversified economy, with
the majority of respondents, 71% (5 respondents), earn between 1 - 5 rupiah, opportunities in tourism, government services, and private businesses.
indicating a predominant lower to middle income bracket. A smaller group,
29% (2 respondents), earn between 6 to 10 rupiah. This suggests that most
individuals in Desa Ketapang have relatively modest earnings, while in Desa
Ponggok, the income distribution is more varied which is 50% (4 respondents)
earn between 1 - 5 rupiah, a notable portion, 38% (3 respondents), earn above
11 rupiah, which suggests a presence of higher income earners in the village.
Only 12% (1 respondent) falls in the 6 to 10 rupiah range, indicating a smaller
middle-income group compared to Desa Ketapang. This analysis highlights the
more diverse income distribution in Ponggok compared to the predominantly
modest earnings in Desa Ketapang.

25
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

5.3 ECONOMY

In the effort to understand rural economic development, it is crucial to Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok
evaluate the community's perception of various economic sectors in their 1
area. This study employs the spiderweb questionnaire method to assess
4.00
various economic aspects such as agricultural activities, fisheries, tourism, job 12 2
opportunities, natural resource management, and income satisfaction in Desa
Ketapang and Desa Ponggok. The analysis aims to identify the strengths,
weaknesses, and potential of each economic sector based on the 3.00
perspectives of the local community.
11 3
Mean 4.00 2.00

Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok

1. Agricultural activities benefit 1.00
both entrepreneurs and the
community1. Agricultural 4.00 3.60
activities benefit both
entrepreneurs and the 10 0.00 4
community
2. Agricultural activities have 4.00 3.70
good potential for the village
3. Fisheries activities have 3.45 4.00
good potential for the village
4. Tourism activities have good 9 5
potential for the village 3.91 3.90

5. There are many job

opportunities available for 3.73 3.70
residents
8 6
6. Sectors beyond the main
economic activities in the 3.82 3.80
village have potential to be 7
highlighted
Diagram 5.1 : SpiderWeb Analysis
7. Natural resources are well 3.91 3.80
managed
8. Business activities increase The spiderweb diagram and the corresponding data table analyze the
my family's income 4.00 3.90 average satisfaction or agreement levels for different economic aspects in
Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok. By examining sectors such as agriculture,
9. Community involvement is fisheries, tourism, natural resource management, and income generation, the
high in resource management 3.91 4.00
in the village study identifies opportunities for targeted development.

10. I am satisfied with the 3.73 3.90

income sources I receive
11. Volunteer groups manage 4.00 3.80
economic resources
12. I am satisfied with 4.00 3.60
economic management.

26
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

Agricultural and Business Activities Fisheries Potential

Both Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok demonstrate high satisfaction with The potential of fisheries activities presents a notable contrast between the
agricultural and business activities. Agricultural activities are perceived to two villages. Desa Ponggok reports a higher level of satisfaction (4.00),
benefit both entrepreneurs and the community, scoring 4.00 in Desa indicating strong opportunities and focus in this sector. On the other hand,
Ketapang and 3.60–3.70 in Desa Ponggok. Similarly, business activities are Desa Ketapang scores 3.45, suggesting room for improvement in harnessing
highly regarded for their contribution to family income, with Desa Ketapang the potential of fisheries. This divergence suggests that Desa Ketapang could
scoring 4.00 and Desa Ponggok closely following at 3.90. These results benefit from strategies to strengthen its fisheries sector, such as improving
highlight the importance of these sectors as key drivers of rural economic infrastructure, training, or marketing.
growth in both villages.
Tourism and Community Involvement
Tourism activities and community involvement in resource management are
highly valued in both villages, with satisfaction levels ranging between 3.90
and 4.00. These scores reflect a shared strength in leveraging tourism and
community engagement for rural development. However, maintaining and
enhancing these activities should remain a priority to sustain these positive
outcomes.

Source: Field work, 2024

Figure 5.3.1 : Picture of Agriculture Activities at Desa Ketapang

Source: Field work, 2024

Figure 5.3.3 : Tourism Attraction at Desa Ponggok

Income and Economic Management

Desa Ketapang shows slightly higher satisfaction with income sources and
economic management than Desa Ponggok. Income satisfaction scores are
3.73 for Desa Ketapang and 3.90 for Desa Ponggok, while economic
management scores are 4.00 and 3.60, respectively. This suggests that while
both villages value these aspects, Desa Ketapang may have more effective
strategies or practices in place. Desa Ponggok could explore ways to improve
Figure 5.3.2 : Picture of Agriculture Activities at Desa Ponggok economic management to achieve greater satisfaction among residents.

27
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

5.4 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT & CULTURE

In rural areas, community involvement and cultural practices are essential

drivers of economic growth and sustainability. A strong sense of community Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok
fosters collaboration, supports local businesses, and enhances resource
management, all of which contribute to the rural economy. This study uses the 1
SpiderWeb analysis to evaluate key factors such as community engagement, 5.00
security, job opportunities, and social harmony in Desa Ketapang and Desa
Ponggok. By analyzing these aspects, the study identifies how cultural
cohesion and active community participation influence economic resilience 4.00
8 2
and development.
3.00
Mean
2.00
Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok

1.00
[Link] engagement 4.45 4.7

7 0.00 3
2. Community activities and
4.45 4.5
initiatives

3. The level of security in the

4.63 4.5
community

4. Job opportunities 4 4.7

6 4
5. Community hygiene level 4 4.5

6. Various skills and expertise

that are beneficial to the 4.36 4.6 5
community
Diagram 5.2 : SpiderWeb Analysis
7. Level of awareness of local
4.36 4.7
problems in the community Community Engagement
The spiderweb diagram and the corresponding data table analyze the
8. Harmony in society 4.81 4.8 average satisfaction or agreement levels for different types oof community
involvement in Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok.

While both Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok prioritize community

engagement, Desa Ponggok achieves a marginally higher score which is $.7,
outperforming Desa Ketapang which is 4.46. This indicates that Desa Ponggok
has stronger participation in community programs and activities. Desa
Ponggok’s Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) is a prime example of how
community engagement serves as a cornerstone for rural economic
development. Through BUMDes, community collectively participate in
decisions-making processes which encourage community to contribute to
local economic development.

28
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

Community Activities and Initiatives Level of awareness of local problems in the community
Desa Ponggok scores slightly higher (4.50 than Desa Ketapang (4.45) in Desa Ketapang scores higher (4.7) than Desa Ponggok (4.4) in the level of
community activities and initiatives. This indicates a marginally more active or awareness of local problems, indicating a more informed and attentive
organized community engagement in Desa Ponggok. In Desa Ponggok, community regarding challenges within their village. This heightened
initiatives driven by BUMDes such as tourism projects at Umbul Ponggok, Besuki awareness in Desa Ketapang is reflected on their focus on initiatives such as
and Sigedhang reflect high levels of community participation and shared Pertanian Padi Organik Al Barokah. The farmers prioritize environmentally
benefits. This initiatives not only generate income but also foster a sense of friendly practices, using compost and indigenous organic fertilizers instead of
ownership and collaboration among residents. chemicals to aware and avoid problems related to soil degradation, water
quality and their productions. These practices demonstrate how Desa
The level of security in the community Ketapang’s awareness of local challenges drives innovative, sustainable
Desa Ketapang scores higher (4.7) than Desa Ponggok (4.4) in the level of solutions that benefit both the environment and the economy.
awareness of local problems, reflecting a community highly attuned to
addressing challenges. This is evident in their Pertanian Padi Organik Al Harmony in society
Barokah initiative, where environmentally friendly farming practices prevent Desa Ketapang scores slightly higher (4.81) than Desa Ponggok (4.8) in
issues like chemical use. In contrast, Desa Ponggok’s awareness focuses on harmony within society, reflecting a strong sense of unity and social cohesion
maintaining its economic ventures, particularly those tied to its thriving tourism among its residents. This higher score in Desa Ketapang may be attributed to
industry. its focus on collaborative agricultural practices, such as Pertanian Padi
Organik Al Barokah, which encourages teamwork and mutual support. Desa
Job Opportunities Ponggok also demonstrates high levels of social harmony, likely driven by its
Desa Ponggok significantly ourperforms Desa Ketapang in job opportunities, community-led economic ventures under Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes),
with scores of 4.7 and 4.0. This shows that Desa Ponggok success in economic which promote shared goals and benefits.
diversification for example through its Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes),
which this entity creates employment in tourism, fisheries, and agriculture.
Umbul Ponggok one of example that have transformed local resources into
thriving ventures, generating direct and indirect jobs while boosting the
village’s overall economic resilience. While, Desa Ketapang’s lower score
shows that have weak community awareness about the economy activites
such as agriculture.

Community hygiene level

Desa Ponggok scores slightly higher (4.5) than Desa Ketapang (4) in
community hygiene level, reflecting marginally better sanitation practices and
cleanliness standards. Desa Ponggok’s focus on tourism likely drives higher
hygiene awareness, as maintaining clean public spaces is essential for
attracting visitors and ensuring a positive experience. Both villages prioritize
hygiene to promote health and well-being, but Desa Ponggok's tourism-
oriented initiatives give it a slight edge in this area.
Average
Various skills and expertise that are beneficial to the community
Desa Ponggok scores higher (4.6) than Desa Ketapang (4.36)Desa Ponggok
in terms of skills
and expertise that benefit the community, reflecting a stronger emphasis on
skill development. In Desa Ponggok, the community demonstrates expertise in
managing innovative ventures such as tourism and freshwater fisheries under
Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes).

Source: Field work, 2024

Figure 5.4.1 : Compast and Indigenous Organic Fertilizers Used in Pertanian Padi Organik Al
Barokah

29
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

CULTURE Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok

Mean

Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok

[Link] knowledge such
as farming techniques and
4.45 3.60
way of life are still well Desa Ketapang
practiced by the community 45.4%

[Link] use of traditional crafts

as tourism products has a Desa Ponggok
positive impact on the 3.70 4.45 54.6%
economy of the local
community

Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok

The use of traditional crafts as tourism products has a positive impact on the
economy of the local community

Traditional Knowledge Practices

Desa Ketapang demonstrates a higher level of satisfaction with traditional
Desa Ponggok
knowledge practices, scoring 4.45 compared to 3.60 in Desa Ponggok. This
48.5% Desa Ketapang
indicates that traditional knowledge are better preserved and valued in Desa
51.5%
Ketapang. This can been seem in agricultural techniques in Pertanian Padi
Organik Al Barokah at Desa Ketapang which employs methods like organic
fertilization and manual labor, promotes sustainable agriculture while
preserving traditional knowledge passed down through generations. This also
reflects a strong reliance on traditional practices, supporting the rural
economy by promoting sustainable farming methods that attract agro-tourism.

Use of Traditional Crafts as Economic Drivers

Desa Ponggok shows a higher level of satisfaction in integrating traditional
Traditional knowledge such as farming techniques and way of life are still well crafts into tourism, scoring 4.45 compared to 3.70 in Desa Ketapang. This
practiced by the community indicates that traditional crafts are not only preserved but also actively used
as a valuable economic resource. This integration can be seen in the
development of creative businesses by the locals, such as the production of
souvenirs and the promotion of local culture through arts and performances.

30
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

SPIDERWEB ANALYSIS
5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Spiderweb analysis are being chosen to reveals distinct differences between
Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok in terms of environmental sustainability,
In rural areas, environmental sustainability plays a crucial role in maintaining highlighting the strengths and areas for improvement in both villages.
the delicate balance between economic development and ecological
preservation. As rural communities increasingly rely on natural resources for
their livelihoods, it becomes essential to implement responsible and DESA KETAPANG DESA PONGGOK
sustainable practices that can safeguard the environment while supporting
local economies. This includes the careful management of tourism activities to 5.00
minimize their ecological footprint, the conservation of natural resources such
as water and forests, and the implementation of effective pollution control
4.00
measures. By prioritizing sustainability, rural areas can ensure long-term
environmental health, enhance community resilience, and create a
harmonious coexistence between human activities and nature. 3.00

Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok 2.00

[Link] Knowledge Level 1.00

To Maintain Environmental 4.55 4.27
Sustainability 0.00
Average
2. Tourism has a positive
4.36 4.18
impact on the environment
3. The community tries to
reduce the negative impact of
4.36 4.18
tourism on the surrounding
environment
4. The Tourism Program
Implemented Encourages
4.45 4.36
Tourism to Care for the
Environment
5. Natural Resources such as Diagram 5.4 : SpiderWeb Analysis
Water are Used Responsibly by 4.82 4.54
the community
COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE
6. Tourism and agricultural air One key area where Desa Ketapang excels is in the community's knowledge
4.82 4.27 level to maintain environmental sustainability. With a score of 4.55 compared
pollution is well controlled
to Desa Ponggok is 4.27, it is evident that Desa Ketapang benefits from
greater awareness and understanding among its residents regarding
7. Tourism development is sustainable practices. This higher level of knowledge likely translates into more
carried out by taking into effective community participation in environmental initiatives.
account the impact on the 4.82 4.27
surrounding nature and long-
term sustainability

31
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

TOURISM IMPACT
In terms of tourism's impact on the environment, both villages perceive it
positively, but Desa Ketapang scores is 4.36 slightly higher than Desa Ponggok
which is 4.18. This indicates that tourism activities in Desa Ketapang may be
more environmentally friendly or better managed to enhance ecological
benefits. Similarly, efforts tor reduce the negative impacts of tourism on the
environment are slightly more evident in Desa Ketapang, reflecting stronger
mitigation strategies to address potential harms caused by tourism.

COMMUNITY INITIATIVE
Desa Ketapang also outperforms Desa Ponggok in its tourism programs
encouragement of environmental care, scoring 4.45 compared to 4.36. This
suggests that tourism initiatives in Desa Ketapang are more aligned with
sustainability goals, fostering greater environmental stewardship.
Source: Field work, 2024
COMMUNITY RESPONSIBLE
Figure 5.5.1 : Water sources from rivers for irrigation systems of Pertanian
the responsible use of natural resources such as water is more prominent in Padi Organik Al Barokah
Desa Ketapang, with a score of 4.82 compared to Desa Ponggok’s 4.54,
signaling better resource management practices in the former.

POLLUTION CONTROL
A particularly significant gap between the two villages is observed in air
pollution control related to tourism and agriculture. Desa Ketapang scores
4.82, while Desa Ponggok trails behind at 4.27. This suggests that Desa
Ketapang has implemented more effective measures to reduce pollution,
contributing to better air quality and overall environmental health.

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
In terms of sustainable tourism development, Desa Ketapang again leads with
a score of 4.82 compared to Desa Ponggok’s 4.27, highlighting its Source: Website
commitment to long-term ecological sustainability by minimizing the
Figure 5.5.3 : Umbul Besuki at Desa Ponggok
environmental footprint of tourism activities.

32
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

5.6 IMPACT
The impact of customs and culture within agriculture and tourism. It highlights Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok
how traditional practices foster harmony among community members and
5
positively influence social relations between generations. However, it also
considers how modernization might erode these practices. Lastly, it
emphasizes the importance of environmentally friendly agricultural techniques
in contributing to environmental conservation. These factors collectively
reflect the interplay between cultural preservation, modernization, and 4
sustainable practices.

Average
Average
Question
Desa Ketapang Desa Ponggok
3
1. The practice of cultural
customs in the field of
agriculture and tourism has a
positive influence on social 4.5 4.5 2
relations between the older
generation and the younger
generation in this society.
2. Modernity in this society 1
erodes traditional practices in 2.8 3.6
agriculture and tourism.
3. The use of environmentally
friendly agricultural techniques 4.7 4.6 0
contributes to environmental Question 1 Question 2 Question 3
conservation.
3. The use of environmentally friendly agricultural techniques
1. The customs and culture embraced in the field of agriculture and contributes to environmental conservation.
tourism in this community have created harmony between residents. The average score of Desa Ketapang is 4.7, indicating a very strong belief in
the importance of environmentally friendly agricultural techniques for
Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok shows the same higher satisfaction with conservation. The score of Desa Ponggok is 4.6, similarly showing a strong
the practice of cultural customs in the field of agriculture and tourism has a commitment to environmental conservation through sustainable agricultural
positive influence on social relations between the older generation and the practices. Both villages strongly acknowledge the importance of
younger generation in this society by scoring 4.5. Both villages highly value environmentally friendly practices, with Desa Ketapang showing slightly
cultural traditions in agriculture and tourism as essential elements for stronger agreement.
maintaining social harmony and generational ties.

2. Modernity in this society erodes traditional practices in agriculture

and tourism.
The average score Desa Ketapang is 2.8, suggesting that modernity is
perceived to have a relatively minimal impact on eroding traditional practices
in this village. The score of Desa Ponggok is 3.6, showing a higher concern
about the effects of modernity on traditional customs compared to Desa
Ketapang. While both villages recognize the challenges posed by
modernization, Desa Ponggok perceives modernity as a more significant
threat to their cultural traditions compared to Desa Ketapang.

33
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

5.7 SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths Weaknesses
1. High Traditional Knowledge
1. Limited Economic Dependence
The community has preserved traditional
The region’s economy heavily depends on
agricultural techniques that contribute to
agriculture, with little diversification into
enhancing productivity and environmental
other sectors. This lack of variety makes the
sustainability. This high level of traditional
local economy vulnerable to risks such as
knowledge allows Petani Al-Barokah to
price fluctuations, climate change, and
manage resources efficiently, such as soil
pest outbreaks.
fertility and water conservation, while
maintaining biodiversity.
2. Limited Job Opportunity
2. Community Involvements
Employment in Desa Ketapang is mainly
Active participation of the Desa Ketapang
centered on agriculture, with limited
community in supporting the conservation of
opportunities in other sectors. This lack of
environmental resources become the main
diversification drives younger generations
strength to the successful of Padi
to migrate to urban areas, reducing the
Organik Al-Barokah.
local labor force.

DESA
KETAPANG
Opportunities Threats
1. Market Demand for Organic Products 1. Environmental Challenges
The organic farming practice at Desa The changes of weather can impact the
Ketapang has open a high demand for agriculture economic activities. Extream
organic products. This had benefit the farmer weather or climate change such as flood
to promote their product widely across the can distrup the agriculture production and
nation and enhancing their income. damage the infrastructure.

2. Increasing Agro-Tourism Development 2. Use of Chemical Steel

The uniqueness of Desa Ketapang in The use of chemical fertilizers by
traditional agriculture especially organic irresponsible farmers will affect organic
farming had attracted tourist interest in agro- farming in this village. This will lead to the
tourism. Tourists were attracted by organic water pollution that can impact the water
fertilization and manual method that still be quality and the economics activities of the
practices by the Al-Barokah farmer in Desa Al- Barokah organic farming.
Ketapang.

34
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
 CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

Strengths Weaknesses
1. Local Awareness on Environment
1. The Great Water Resources
Sustainability
The natural spring source found here is the
The insufficient awareness and effort in
strength of Ponggok Village in increasing
environmental protection, will poses risks
tourism activities like Umbul Ponggok, Besuki
to long-term resource management of
and Sidhegang, attracts visitors and
Desa Ponggok. This might lead to the
generates income for the community.
environmental degradation if no further
action taken.
2. Community Involvement
High involvement of the community has
2. Water Pollution Concerns
been the main catalyst in the success of
Tourism activities, like swimming and
tourism in this village such as Badan Usaha
waste disposal, risk polluting Desa
Milik Desa (BUMDes), which can fosters
Ponggok's natural springs. This could harm
economic resilience and collaboration.
aquatic ecosystems and deter visitors,
threatening the village's tourism
dependent economy.

DESA
PONGGOK
Opportunities Threats
1. Tourism Expansion
Social media has proven to be a powerful 1. Water pollution
tool for promoting Desa Ponggok as a unique The large number of tourists can lead to
travel destination. Platforms like Instagram, water pollution in natural resources such as
Facebook, and TikTok enable the village to Umbul Ponggok, jeopardizing the village’s
showcase its picturesque underwater tourism-based economy and its reputation as
attractions and eco-friendly activities to a an eco-friendly destination.
global audience.
2. Carring capacity
2. Job Opportunity Exceeding the carrying capacity of tourism
The tourism sector in Desa Ponggok has activities can strain natural water resources,
created numerous employment opportunities impacting their sustainability and reducing
for the local population. Jobs range from the long-term viability of the village’s primary
direct roles such as guides, equipment rental attractions.
staff, and maintenance workers for tourist
facilities, to indirect roles like food vendors,
souvenir makers, and local transportation
providers.

35
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CHAPTER 5
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

5.8 BEST PRACTICES

DESA KETAPANG DESA PONGGOK

Desa Ponggok, with its rich cultural heritage and natural beauty, has the
Pertanian Al Barokah in Desa Ketapang focus on a community based potential to become a leading ecotourism and cultural tourism destination.
agricultural that is sustainable and inclusive economic development. With Below are some best practices for fostering sustainable tourism development
agriculture as its core, this initiative integrates modern techniques and in the village:
innovative practices to boost productivity,income, and uplift the community's
standard of living. By integrates the village's natural resources and with the
help of locals , Pertanian Al Barokah serves as a model for rural agricultural Sustainable Tourism Development
Eco-friendly methods such as organic
transformation.
fertilizers, bio-pesticides, and crop
rotation are employed to maintain soil
Sustainable Farming health and reduce environmental impact.
Eco-friendly methods such as organic
These practices ensure long-term
fertilizers, bio-pesticides, and crop
Source: Field work, 2024 agricultural viability while protecting local
rotation are employed to maintain soil
ecosystems.
health and reduce environmental impact. Figure 5.8.5 : Umbul Ponggok
These practices ensure long-term
Source: Field work, 2024 agricultural viability while protecting local
Figure 5.8.1 : Albatech monitoring ecosystems.
technology
Sustainable Hospitality and Services
Modern tools such as precision irrigation
systems, and post-harvest storage
Technology Integration facilities improve efficiency and reduce
Modern tools such as precision irrigation losses, ensuring better yields and profits.
Source: Field work, 2024
systems, and post-harvest storage
Figure 5.8.6 : Guest House
facilities improve efficiency and reduce
losses, ensuring better yields and profits.
Source: Field work, 2024

Figure 5.8.2 : Rice separation process Ecotourism and Natural Resource

Management
Conservation of Natural Areas: Protect
and maintain local natural attractions
Post-Harvest Management such as beaches, forests, or lakes.
Proper Drying Techniques: Use sun-drying Introduce responsible visitor behavior
and mechanical drying methods to reduce Source: Field work, 2024
guidelines to preserve these areas.
moisture content in harvested crops, Figure 5.8.7 : Natural Surrouding
particularly paddy, preventing spoilage
Source: Field work, 2024 and ensuring quality.
Figure 5.8.3 : Drying process of paddy
Tourism Infrastructure Development
Visitor Centers: Establish visitor centers
with information on local attractions,
Value-Added Products culture, and sustainable tourism practices.
Raw agricultural produce is processed These centers can also serve as hubs for
into higher-value goods like packaged Source: Field work, 2024 booking tours or renting equipment.
Figure 5.8.8 : Facilities in Umbul
rice. These products are branded to Sigedang
highlight quality and locality, ensuring a
Source: Field work, 2024 more broader marketing and higher profit.
Figure 5.8.4 : Al-Barokah final products

36
SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development
CONCLUSION
AND WAY
FOWARD
CHAPTER 6
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

6.0 CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD

6.1 CONCLUSION 6.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

In conclusion, based on best economic practices, Desa Ketapang and This study highlights how Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok have successfully
Ponggok have shown how to use local potential for village economic growth. utilized their local resources and cultural heritage to achieve sustainable
Implementing an organic agricultural economy in Desa Ketapang, especially economic growth. Desa Ketapang has focused on organic farming, especially
the Alborakah rice fields, Desa Ketapang utilizes its natural resources, through the Alborakah rice fields, where traditional cultural ceremonies are
including rice fields and land. Alborakah agricultural activities are carried out integrated with agricultural activities. These ceremonies, held before and after
through cultural ceremonies before and after the Alborakah rice harvest, harvest, not only celebrate the community’s connection to their land but also
which combine local culture and natural experiences. add value to the farming process by blending cultural identity with economic
activity. Through innovative practices, such as producing organic fertilizer and
Similarly, Desa Ponggok develops a water-based tourism industry by utilizing involving the community in every stage of agricultural production, Desa
natural potential including its natural spring water source. This swimming Ketapang has built an economy rooted in sustainability and community
village generates a continuous stream of income by creating natural pools (3 empowerment.
Umbul) and attracting tourists. Cultural uniqueness is also used as a potential
for tourism economic attraction in their village. On the other hand, Desa Ponggok has capitalized on its natural spring water
to develop a thriving water-based tourism industry. By creating attractions like
Another lesson we see is the importance of community empowerment and natural pools, commonly known as “3 Umbul,” the village has become a
economic inclusion. The secret to the economic success of these two villages popular tourist destination. The tourism industry is inclusive, providing
is community empowerment. By establishing community organizations to employment opportunities for almost every resident, from managing homestays
oversee the production of organic fertilizer, the Internet of Things (IOT), and and markets to working as tour guides. Beyond its natural attractions, the
adding value to products, Desa Ketapang also encourages community village also incorporates cultural elements into its tourism offerings, making it
involvement in the management of Alborakah agricultural activities and an appealing and unique destination.
agricultural products. The quality of life of the villagers is improved by this
strategy, which also reduces reliance on other less sustainable and Both villages offer important lessons on the value of local resource utilization
environmentally friendly industries. and community-driven development. Their success highlights the importance
of empowering local residents to actively participate in and benefit from
Almost every resident of Desa Ponggok works in the tourism industry, whether economic activities. Desa Ketapang’s emphasis on sustainable agriculture has
as a tour guide, homestay manager, or market vendor. As a result, the improved the quality of life for its residents by reducing reliance on less eco-
economy is inclusive and benefits all levels of society. This leads to an friendly industries. Similarly, Desa Ponggok’s focus on inclusive tourism ensures
economy that is fully implemented by the villagers. that economic benefits are shared among all members of the community,
creating a sense of ownership and pride.
In short, both villages benefit from sustainable economic opportunities created
by a combination of local potential and innovation, particularly in the The study also provides broader insights into how thoughtful planning and
sustainable use of natural resources, as well as community-based strategies innovative management can create long-term economic opportunities for rural
and innovative management. The success of both villages depends largely on areas. By leveraging their unique strengths, these villages have shown how
the active involvement of the community in economic growth, which has an local initiatives can complement regional development efforts, fostering
immediate impact on all levels of society. Similarly, community empowerment stronger connections between rural and urban areas. Their approaches not
is a key pillar. only enhance economic resilience but also preserve cultural identity and
promote environmental sustainability.

In conclusion, Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok demonstrate that

sustainable rural economic growth is possible when local potential is
combined with innovation and community involvement. These examples
provide a roadmap for other rural areas seeking to improve their economies
while ensuring that all members of the community benefit equitably. Their
stories are a testament to the power of resourcefulness, inclusivity, and
cultural pride in driving meaningful development.

37 SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development

 CHAPTER 6
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

6.3 WAY FORWARD

Adapting the Desa Ketapang and Desa Ponggok methodologies to the local
Malaysian environment is the next step that may be adopted in rural
development in Malaysia based on best practices from Desa Ponggok and
Desa Ketapang. The following are the key ways forward that can be applied in
Malaysia:

Harnessing Local Economic Growth Potential

Community Inclusivity and Empowerment
Community-Based Tourism Growth
Natural Resource Management and Sustainability
Digitalization and Use of Technology
Using Rural Products to Empowering Local Businesses

By implementing this strategy, Rural Economic Development Malaysia can

promote more inclusive and sustainable rural economic development by
utilizing the knowledge and achievements of Desa Ketapang and Desa
Ponggok.

38
SBEW 3 1 73 Rural E conomic Developm e n t
CHAPTER 6
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BEST PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

6.4 ORGANIZATION CHART

NUR AZRIFAH HERMAN HAN

Project Leader Assistant Leader

EDITOR PANEL
CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 5
NUR SABRINA
NUR AZRIFAH SYAZA FARHANAH AUNI IZZATI

ANNUR AFZAN
AUNI IZZATI NADIAH AQILAH NADIAH AQILAH

FARAH SYUHADA
NUR ANIS NUR AZRIFAH
AMIRUL FADHLY

FAIZ DANIEL
CHAPTER 2 ANNUR AFZAN EDITOR SLIDE
NUR ANIS ELLYA HANA
CHAPTER 4 FARAH SYUHADA
AUNI IZZATI HERMAN HAN FATIMAH AZZAHRA
SYAZA FARHANAH

FATIMAH AZZAHRA AMIRUL FADHLY FATINI AYU

ZULAIKHAZAHIRA

FATINI AYU CHAPTER 5

FATINI AYU EDITOR REPORT
NUR ANIS
CHAPTER 3 NUR AZRIFAH

ZULAIKHAZAHIRA HERMAN HAN CHAPTER 6

NADIAH AQILAH
UMAIR MUQRIZ
ELLYA HANA ELLYA HANA
NUR ANIS

UMAIR MUQRIZ NUR AZRIFAH

AUNI IZZATI

ANNUR AFZAN NUR SABRINA

EDITOR MAP
FARAH SYUHADA FAIZ DANIEL
UMAIR MUQRIZ

FATINI AYU FATIMAH AZZAHRA

39 SBEW 3173 Rural Economic Development

WITH COORPERATION :