Unit 7, Module 45 Teacher Version
Active Reading Guide
Biology for the AP® Course: Active Reading Guide
Unit 7 Evolution and Natural Selection
Module 45 Continuing Evolution
45.1 Evolution is an ongoing process
1. Natural selection generally has a greater effect on a population in
a. a changing environment.
b. a stable environment.
2. Whales are mammals but look like sharks and other fish even though they do not
share a recent common ancestor. Explain why sharks and whales look alike. Include
the term convergent evolution in your answer.
Both whales and sharks experienced similar selective pressures because they both
lived in the water. This resulted in similar traits evolving independently in the two
groups. This is an example of convergent evolution.
3. Identify if the environment can directly cause changes in anatomical and
physiological traits.
No, the environment selects for traits already present in the population.
4. Describe how can genomics be used to learn about whale evolution even though
we don’t have DNA from 60 million years ago when whales evolved.
We can compare the genomes of modern whales with the genomes of other
mammals to look for changes in genes that allowed whales to adapt to life in the
ocean.
5. Why did directional selection occur in the Galápagos finches that Peter and
Rosemary Grant studied?
A drought occurred and resulted in more plants that produced larger seeds. Large
beaked birds were able to eat the large seeds and produced more offspring that
also had large beaks than smaller beaked birds. As a result, the size of beaks
increased.
6. In the Galápagos finches that Peter and Rosemary Grant studied, how much did
the average beak size change?
The average beak sized increased by 1.1 cm.
Morris, Castignetti, Lepri, and Relyea Biology for the AP® Course, 1e 1
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Unit 7, Module 45 Teacher Version
Active Reading Guide
7. How long did it take for the increase listed in question 6 to occur?
Two years
8. True or False? Evolution is always a long slow process.
False
__________________________________________________________________________
Concept Check
(Answers can be found in the Teacher’s Edition and at the back of the Student
Edition.)
1. Describe three anatomical changes that occurred as the ancestors of modern
whales moved from the land to the water.
2. Explain what the Grants learned about evolution from the 1977 drought in the
Galápagos.
__________________________________________________________________________
45.2 Pathogens evolve resistance to antibiotics and cause new diseases
9. Fill in the steps in the following chart to describe how tuberculosis bacteria can
become resistant to antibiotics.
Step 1 There is ______genetic variation___________ in the bacteria
population. Most are sensitive to the antibiotic but some are
resistant.
Step 2 A person takes antibiotics which selects for bacteria that are
________ antibiotic resistant .
Step 3 The antibiotic resistant bacteria survive and reproduce more
than the antibiotic- sensitive ones.
Step 4 As a result, the population changes to bacteria that are mostly
____antibiotic resistant____.
2 Morris, Castignetti, Lepri, and Relyea Biology for the AP® Course, 1e
© 2022 W.H. Freeman and Company/BFW
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Unit 7, Module 45 Teacher Version
Active Reading Guide
10. The changes that allowed the 1918 flu to infect more people and cause more
severe disease were the result of ___mutations___________ in the genetic material
of the virus.
__________________________________________________________________________
Concept Check
(Answers can be found in the Teacher’s Edition and at the back of the Student
Edition.)
3. Describe how bacteria and other pathogens evolve resistance to antibiotics over
time.
4. Describe two kinds of evolutionary changes that we see in pathogens.
__________________________________________________________________________
45.3 Climate change leads to adaptation, migration, and extinction
11. Describe two ways humans are increasing the amount of CO2 in the
atmosphere.
Burning fossil fuels and clearing forests for agriculture by setting them on fire
12. What effect does increased amounts of atmospheric CO2 have on Earth’s
temperature?
The surface temperatures on Earth are rising.
13. Describe three consequences of climate change.
Changing precipitation patterns, increased frequency of strong hurricanes, longer
growing seasons in many places such as New England and Scandinavia.
14. Describe two potential physiological responses plants may develop in response
to climate change.
Plants may flower earlier in the year, increase growth, or devote less resources to
reproduction
Morris, Castignetti, Lepri, and Relyea Biology for the AP® Course, 1e 3
© 2022 W.H. Freeman and Company/BFW
This study source was downloaded by 100000854294329 from [Link] on 03-04-2025 22:01:14 GMT -06:00
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Unit 7, Module 45 Teacher Version
Active Reading Guide
15. Why might many populations not be able to adapt to climate change?
Climate change is occurring too quickly, and the process of evolving adaptations
usually occurs slowly over many generations.
16. What will happen to populations that do not have variants capable of surviving
climate change?
The populations will go extinct
__________________________________________________________________________
Concept Check
(Answers can be found in the Teacher’s Edition and at the back of the Student
Edition.)
5. Describe how a greenhouse gas warms the planet.
6. Identify three greenhouse gases.
7. Describe three ways that species may respond to global changes in climate.
__________________________________________________________________________
4 Morris, Castignetti, Lepri, and Relyea Biology for the AP® Course, 1e
© 2022 W.H. Freeman and Company/BFW
This study source was downloaded by 100000854294329 from [Link] on 03-04-2025 22:01:14 GMT -06:00
[Link]
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