1.
An impedance: 𝒁𝒁 = |𝒁𝒁| ∠𝝓𝝓 is connected to an AC source
𝑣𝑣� 𝚤𝚤̂
The instantaneous power is given by: 𝑝𝑝(𝑡𝑡) = 2
{[1 − cos(2𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔)] 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 − sin(2𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔) 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠}
- Express the instantaneous active power, instantaneous reactive power, and total instantaneous
power in terms of RMS voltages and currents using mathematical formulas.
- Draw the waveforms corresponding to the instantaneous active power, instantaneous reactive
power, and total instantaneous power. Indicate periods, average values, and peak values for the
active and reactive instantaneous powers, and the periods and average for the total instantaneous
power.
2
2. RMS value of a waveform
- Derive the RMS value equation as function of the peak value of the triangular voltage waveform
shown below
- Rank the three following voltage sources, which generate different waveforms, according to the
power they provide to the same resistor R. Justify your selection through calculations and/or
explanations.
3. In the following AC circuit:
For Vin = Vp k sin(wt) [V], with: Vpk = -J2 110 V, and w = 2n 60
R2 = 10 Q L=lmH
Calculate the equivalent impedance vector (magnitude and phase).
Calculate magnitude and phase of the input current iin .
What is the power factor in this circuit?
Calculate the value of the capacitor, to be connected in parallel with the inductor, required to
obtain a unity power factor.
4. MOSFET vs IGBT:
Draw the symbol of a MOSFET and an IGBT indicating the name of the tem1inals as well as
relevant voltages and currents.
Indicate the tum ON/OFF conditions, characteristic equation, model, and curves for both ON and
OFF states of both switches.
Name the most important differences and similarities between the two power switch technologies
MOSFET IGBT
l
V V
5. Water pumping power architecture
The diagram of the figure shows the architecture of a water pumping system that can be powered either
from a Photovoltaic (solar) panel, from the grid, or from an energy storage element (battery). Assume all
efficiencies are constant regardless the power flow direction.
a) Scenario A: Assume the pump is working at maximum power, the batteries are being charged
at maximum power, and there is no PV generation. What is the power consumed from the
grid?
b) Scenario B: The conditions from Scenario A are maintained, but now the PV is outputting
maximum power. What is the net power consumed from the grid in this case?
c) Scenario C: at sunset the batteries were fully charged (15V) and the pump continues running
on grid power. There is a failure during the night, the grid becomes unavailable, and the
pump continues to run on battery power. Assuming the battery voltage varies linearly as the
battery discharges, how long can the pump be operated at rated conditions until the battery is
depleted and reaches 12V?
(hint: since 𝑃𝑃𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ⇒ 𝐸𝐸𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝑃𝑃𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 ∙ Δ𝑡𝑡 = �������
𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 ∙ 𝚤𝚤������
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 ∙ Δ𝑡𝑡 = �������
𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 ∙ 𝑄𝑄)
d) Complete all maximum ratings indicated in the figure assuming the worst-case scenario for
each converter.
3
6. Full-wave rectifier
- Draw the waveforms of the signals indicated in the graph. Calculate and indicate peak values for
each waveform.
7. Synchronous vs Asynchronous boost converters
• Explain, with the aid of circuits and waveforms, the difference between synchronous and
asynchronous boost converters.
• Why is this differentiation important?
• How can we ensure both types of converters behave in the same way?
8. Boost converter design:
Useful equations: V0 _ii._
- - - -- 1..1l. _VinD
1 _,. - -- .,.
1..1v _ 10D ___
- -- i - V0D(l-D)
-�-�
V in lo l-D' L L fsw ' o Cfsw ' LB 2 L fsw
Design an asynchronous boost converter to fulfill the following requirements:
fsw = SOkHz
Vin = 12V
Vout = 48V
Pioad(MAX) = 480W
fliL = 30% lL(MAX)
llvc = 2% Ve
a) Draw the circuit
b) Calculate the required values for L and C
c) Indicate the minimum load power required to ensure CCM
d) Draw the inductor current, and capacitor voltage waveforms indicating average,
maximum, and minimum values.