Session 1 & 2
Tuesday, 01 March 2022 09:32
Session 2: Psychoanalysis
The death / instincts (death force/ aggression/ aggressive drive)- "the
NB: page 65
nirvana principle " - seeks self-destruction
• Sigmund Freud(1856-1939)
• Life instincts and death instincts
• First therapeutic procedures Structure of personality
• View of human nature is deterministic Psychodynamic: most popularly
• Psychoanalysis: model of personality The ID- inherited physiological forces / biological components used , development of
( untamed drives/ impulses). (pleasure principle ) psychoanalysis
• Key concepts: view of human nature The EGO- the psychological component that organizes / Psycho-academic
Human nature is deterministic - irrational forces , mediates between drives and the outside world ( reality
uncurious motivations , biological and instinctual principle)
• Known= behavior is naturally motivated by The super EGO- the internalized social components , comprising
desire to feel pleasure of imagined expectations of parental and societal standards
• This motivation is organized and directed by
the life instinct (central)
• Originally termed libido-Sexuality( eros- Consciousness and the unconscious
Greek god of love) encompassing all aspects ID:
of life force ( life / sexual energy) • The unconscious mind cannot be directly studied but
• tendency to serve the purpose of survival • Untamed drives or impulses there is strong clinical evidence suggesting the existence
( reproduction , sexual acts , human race) ○ Original system of personality of it
• Growth , development , creativity , ○ No organization , demanding and • Dreams
pleasure , life - generating & life - affirming insistent
behavior ○ Rules by the pleasure • Slips of the tongue
• Posthypnotic suggestion
EGO: • Material derived from free association techniques
Human nature according to Freud
• Projective techniques
• - Attempts to organize and mediate
• Deterministic nature between the id and the reality of dangers • Symbolic content of psychotic symptoms
• Behaviour is determined by irrational posed by the impulses
forces, unconscious motivation, and • - think of the ego as a traffic cop • The unconscious stores all experiences, memories and
biological and instinctual drives • - ruled by the reality principle repressed material
• Instincts are pivotal in his work. The word
libido originated from him, it refers to
sexual energy
SUPER EGO: • Anxiety
• These instincts serve the purpose of survival
for the individual and the human race. • According to psychoanalytic theory, anxiety is a
• Internalized social component feeling of dread that results from repressed
• Libido must be understood as a source of
• Individuals understanding of parental feelings, memories, desires ,and experiences that
motivation that includes sexual energy
expectations emerge to the surface of awareness, also
• He also considered death instincts, this is
• Represents the idea rather then the real considered a state of tension that drives us to do
where aggression plays a part
and strives not for pleasure but perfection something.
• Functions to inhibit the id impulses
• Three kinds of anxiety
Freud psychosexual stages ○ Reality anxiety - fear of danger from the
external world
Infancy: oral stage
Toddlerhood: anal stage ○ Neurotic anxiety – the fear that the instincts
will get out of hand and cause the person to
do something for which they will be
punished
○ Moral anxiety – fear of one’s own
conscience. (People feel guilty when they do
something that goes against their own
moral code)
counselling mod Page 1