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Notes: 𝑥 = −1

1. Equation: having Equality sign. i.e. 𝑎 = 𝑏, 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑑 Solution Set = {1}

2. 𝟐𝒙𝟓
Q.1: Solve for 𝒙.
Here
(i)
5
2: Coefficient of 𝑥
6𝑥 − 3 = 2𝑥 + 5
𝑥: Variable
6𝑥 − 2𝑥 = +5 + 3
5: Power (Exponent)
4𝑥 = 8
Example: Find the coefficient, variable and power.
82 2
𝑥= = =2
i. 𝟏𝟐𝒚𝟔 41 1

𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡: 12 Solution set = {2}

𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒: y (ii)

3𝑥
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟: 6 + 5 = 17
4
ii. −𝟑𝒛−𝟏 3𝑥
= 17 − 5
Coefficient: − 3 4
3𝑥
Variable: z = 12
4
Power: − 1 3𝑥 = 12 × 4
𝟑
𝟏
iii. 𝒙 𝟐 3𝑥 = 48
𝟐

1 48 16
Coefficient: 𝑥= = 16
2 31
Variable: x 𝑺. 𝑺. = {𝟏𝟔}
3
Power: (iv)
2

3. Linear Equation: Equation having maximum power 3𝑥 + 5 = 11

(Degree) of variable ONE is called Linear equation.
3𝑥 + 5 = 11
Examples:
2𝑥 + 1 = 3 Linear equation in one variable
3𝑥 = 11 − 5
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 Linear equation in two variables
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 8 Linear equation in three variables 3𝑥 = 6
4. Solution of linear equation:
To find the value of variable(s) from the given 62 2
𝑥= = =2
equation. 31 1

Example: Solve 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟏 𝑺. 𝑺. = {𝟐}

Solution: Prime Numbers

𝑥+2=1 Numbers with only one factor. i.e.

𝑥 = +1 − 2 𝑃 = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ⋯ }
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(viii) Solve 7𝑥 + 140 − 27𝑥

=6
63
𝑥 1 𝑥 1
− = + (7𝑥 − 27𝑥 + 140)
5 3 3 5
=6
63
𝑥 𝑥 1 1
− = + −20𝑥 + 140
5 3 5 3
=6
63
3𝑥 − 5𝑥 3 + 5
=
15 15 −20𝑥 + 140 = 6 × 63

2𝑥 8 −20𝑥 + 140 = 378

− =
15 15
−20𝑥 = 378 − 140
8
−2𝑥 = × 15
15 −20𝑥 = 238

−2𝑥 = 8 238 119 119

𝑥= =
−20 10 −10
84 4
𝑥= = = −4 119
−2 1 −1 S.S.= { }
−10
S.S. = {-4}
(iii)
𝑥 1 3𝑥
(x) − = +1
2 4 4 1 1 2
+ =
𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑥+3
Solution:
(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑥 2
𝑥 1 3𝑥 =
− = +1 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥+3
2 4 4
𝑥+1+𝑥 2
𝑥 3𝑥 1 1 =
− = + 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 + 3
2 4 1 4
2𝑥 − 3𝑥 4 + 1 2𝑥 + 1 2
= =
4 4 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 + 3

𝑥 5 Cross Multiplication
− =
4 4
(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3) = 2𝑥(𝑥 + 1)
5
−𝑥 = × 4 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
4

−𝑥 = 5 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3 = 0

𝑥 = −5 7𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3 = 0

S.S. = {-5} 5𝑥 = −3

(xiv)
𝑥+20
−
3𝑥
=6 3
9 7 𝑥=−
5
Solution: 3
S.S. = {− }
5
𝑥 + 20 3𝑥
− =6
9 7 (ix) 8(𝑥 − 3) − 6(𝑥 − 2) = 2(𝑥 + 2) − 8(5 − 𝑥)

7(𝑥 + 20) − 9(3𝑥) 8𝑥 − 24 − 6𝑥 + 12 = 2𝑥 + 4 − 40 + 8𝑥

=6
63
8𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 24 + 12 = 2𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 4 − 40
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2𝑥 − 12 = 10𝑥 − 36 2+2÷2= 2+1= 3

2𝑥 − 10𝑥 = −36 + 12 BODMAS

−8𝑥 = −24 BO: Brackets Open

−24 3 3 D: Division
𝑥= = =3
−8 1 1
M: Multiplication
𝑆. 𝑆. = {3}
A: Addition

S: Subtraction
(xii) (𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 + 1) = (𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 + 3) − 14
Some Terms used in Theoretical questions
𝑥(2𝑥 + 1) + 1(2𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥(2𝑥 + 3) + 3(2𝑥 + 3) − 14
Increased/Greater: +
2 2
2𝑥 + 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 9 − 14
Decrease/Less: −
2 2
2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑥 + 9𝑥 − 5
Times: ×
2 2
2𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 9𝑥 = −5 − 1
Is/gives/equal to: =
2 2
2𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 9𝑥 = −6
Q.2: what number increased by 15 gives 62?
−6𝑥 = −6
Answer:
−6
𝑥= =1 Let the number is 𝑥
−6

𝑆. 𝑆. = {1} According to the condition

3 5 2 5 𝑥 + 15 = 62
(xv) (𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 − 4) = (𝑥 − 6) +
16 12 5 48
𝑥 = 62 − 15
Multiplying by 240
𝑥 = 47
3 5
15 240 × (𝑥 − 1) − 20 240 × (𝑥 − 4)
16 12 Therefore the required number is 𝑥 = 47.
2 5
= 48 240 × (𝑥 − 6) + 5 240 ×
5 48 Q.83: What number decreased by 25 gives 83?
45(𝑥 − 1) − 100(𝑥 − 4) = 96(𝑥 − 6) + 25
Answer:
45𝑥 − 45 − 100𝑥 + 400 = 96𝑥 − 576 + 25
Let the number is 𝑥.
45𝑥 − 100𝑥 − 45 + 400 = 96𝑥 − 551
According to the condition
−55𝑥 + 355 = 96𝑥 − 551
𝑥 − 25 = 83
−55𝑥 − 96𝑥 = −551 − 355
𝑥 = 83 + 25
−161𝑥 = −906
𝑥 = 108
−906 906
𝑥= =
−161 161 Therefore the required number is 𝑥 = 108.
906
S.S.= { }
161
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Q.4: Total sale of Ahmed in 2 days was Rs. 10 less than what Car sold by mehmood = 𝑥 = 2𝑦 = 2(20) = 40
Bashir sold on the same day. If Ahmed sold merchandise
worth Rs. 425, what was the sale of Bashir? OR

Answer: Car sold by Shahid = 𝑥

Let sale of Bashir = 𝑥 Car sold by Mahmood = 2𝑥

Given that: Given that:

Ahmad sale = 425 Car sold by Mahmood + car sold by Shahid = 60

According to the condition 𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 60

𝑥 − 10 = 425 3𝑥 = 60

𝑥 = 425 + 10 60
𝑥= = 20
3
𝑥 = 435
Therefore car sold by shahid = x = 20
Therefore sale of Bashir 𝑥 = 435
Car sold by mehmood = 2x =2 (20) = 40
Q.6: Mahmood and Shahid together sold 60 cars. If
Q.6: The weaving department of a factory occupies 3.5 times
Mahmood sold twice as many cars as Shahid. How many
as much floor space as the shipping department. If the
cars each sold?
weaving department occupies 4200 square feet, what is the
Answer: space occupied by the shipping department?

Let car sold by Mahmood = 𝑥 Answer:

Car sold by Shahid = 𝑦 Let space occupied by shipping department = 𝑥

Given that: Given that:

Car sold by Mahmood + car sold by Shahid = 60 Space occupied by weaving department = 4200 square feet

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60−→ (1) According to condition

According to the condition: Space by shipping department = space by weaving department

𝑀𝑒ℎ𝑚𝑜𝑜𝑑 = 𝑆ℎ𝑎ℎ𝑖𝑑 3.5𝑥 = 4200

𝑥 = 2𝑦 4200
𝑥= = 1200 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡
3.5
Put 𝑥 = 2𝑦 in Eqn. (1)
space occupied by shipping department = 𝑥 = 1200 𝑠. 𝑓.
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60
Q.7: Heat and Electricity together cost a company Rs. 1080/-
2𝑦 + 𝑦 = 60 for the month of January. If the consumption for heating
purposes is three times as much as light, how much each
3𝑦 = 60 expenses cost to the company?

60 Answer:
𝑦= = 20
3
Let cost of light = x
𝑦 = 20
Cost of heat = 3x
Therefore car sold by shahid = y = 20
According to condition:
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𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 1080

4𝑥 = 1080

1080
𝑥=
4

𝑥 = 270

Therefore cost of electricity = x = 270

Cost of heat = 3x = 3(270) = 810