NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TIRUCHIRAPPALLI
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory
Expt. No. 1 Date: 28/01/2025
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REAL AND REACTIVE POWER COMPUTATION IN SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM
Submitted by: Hemann AD - 107122044
PROBLEM:
[Link] a MATLAB code for the given circuit:
a) Plot instantaneous power absorbed by the loads.
b) Plot the instantaneous power delivered by the source.
c) Compute the real and reactive power delivered by the source.
d) Compute the real and reactive power absorbed by the loads.
a) MATLAB Code:
clc;
clear all;
V = 100;
freq = 50;
R1 = 10;
R2 = 20;
R3 = 10;
L = 31.8*(10^-3);
XL1 = 2*pi*freq*L;
C = 159.2*(10^-6);
XC1 = 1/(2*pi*freq*C);
t = linspace(0, 0.01, 1000);
Vsource = V*sin(2*pi*freq*t);
Z1 = R1 - 1i*XC1;
Z2 = R2;
Z3 = R3 + 1i*XL1;
Z = 1/(1/Z1+1/Z2+1/Z3);
I = Vsource./(Z);
I1 = Vsource./(Z1);
I2 = Vsource./(Z2);
I3 = Vsource./(Z3);
P_R1 = abs(I1).^ 2.* R1;
P_C1 = abs(I1).^ 2.* XC1;
P_R2 = abs(I2).^ 2.* R2;
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P_R3 = abs(I3).^ 2.* R3;
P_L1 = abs(I3).^ 2.* XL1;
figure;
subplot(3, 2, 1);
plot(t, P_R1, 'r', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Power in R1');
subplot(3, 2, 2);
plot(t, P_C1, 'b', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Power in C1');
subplot(3, 2, 3);
plot(t, P_R2, 'g', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Power in R2');
subplot(3, 2, 4);
plot(t, P_R3, 'm', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Power in R3');
subplot(3, 2, 5);
plot(t, P_L1, 'c', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Power in L1');
MATLAB OUTPUT:
b) MATLAB Code:
clc;
clear all;
V = 100;
freq = 50;
R1 = 10;
R2 = 20;
R3 = 10;
L = 31.8*(10^-3);
XL1 = 2*pi*freq*L;
C = 159.2*(10^-6);
XC1 = 1/(2*pi*freq*C);
t = linspace(0, 0.01, 1000);
Vsource = V*sin(2*pi*freq*t);
Z1 = R1 - 1i*XC1;
Z2 = R2;
Z3 = R3 + 1i*XL1;
Z = 1/(1/Z1+1/Z2+1/Z3);
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I = Vsource./(Z);
Psource = Vsource .* I;
figure;
plot(t, Psource, 'k', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
title('Instantaneous Power Delivered by Source');
MATLAB Output:
c) MATLAB code:
clc;
clear all;
V = 100;
freq = 50;
R1 = 10;
R2 = 20;
R3 = 10;
L = 31.8*(10^-3);
XL1 = 2*pi*freq*L;
C = 159.2*(10^-6);
XC1 = 1/(2*pi*freq*C);
Z1 = R1 - 1i*XC1;
Z2 = R2;
Z3 = R3 + 1i*XL1;
Z = 1/(1/Z1+1/Z2+1/Z3)
I = V./(Z);
p = angle(Z)
Real_P_Source = V.*abs(I).*cos(p)
Reactive_P_Source = V.*abs(I).*sin(p)
MATLAB Output:
Z =
8.2720 + 0.6885i
p =
0.0830
Real_P_Source =
1.2006e+03
Reactive_P_Source =
99.9318
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d) MATLAB Code:
clc;
clear all;
V = 100;
freq = 50;
R1 = 10;
R2 = 20;
R3 = 10;
L = 31.8*(10^-3);
XL1 = 2*pi*freq*L;
C = 159.2*(10^-6);
XC1 = 1/(2*pi*freq*C);
Z1 = R1 - 1i*XC1
Z2 = R2
Z3 = R3 + 1i*XL1
Z = 1/(1/Z1+1/Z2+1/Z3)
I = V./(Z);
I1 = V./(Z1);
I2 = V./(Z2);
I3 = V./(Z3);
V_R1 = V.*(R1/(Z1)
V_C1 = V.*(XC1/Z1)
V_R2 = V
V_R3 = V.*(R3/Z3)
V_L1 = V.*(XL1/Z3)
p = angle(Z)
Real_P_R1 = V_R1.*(I1).*cos(p)
Real_P_R2 = V_R2.*(I2).*cos(p)
Real_P_R3 = V_R3.*(I3).*cos(p)
Real_P_C1 = V_C1.*(I1).*cos(p)
Real_P_L1 = V_L1.*(I3).*cos(p)
Reactive_P_R1 = V_R1.*(I1).*sin(p)
Reactive_P_R2 = V_R2.*(I2).*sin(p)
Reactive_P_R3 = V_R3.*(I3).*sin(p)
Reactive_P_C1 = V_C1.*(I1).*sin(p)
Reactive_P_L1 = V_L1.*(I3).*sin(p)
MATLAB Output:
Real_P_R1 =
-1.1960e+02 + 1.5955e+02i
Real_P_R2 =
498.2769
Real_P_R3 =
4.8580e-01 - 4.9876e+02i
Real_P_C1 =
-2.3914e+02 + 3.1901e+02i
Real_P_L1 =
4.8533e-01 - 4.9828e+02i
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Reactive_P_R1 =
-9.9555 +13.2802i
Reactive_P_R2 =
41.4748
Reactive_P_R3 =
0.0404 -41.5152i
Reactive_P_C1 =
-19.9053 +26.5529i
Reactive_P_L1 =
0.0404 -41.4748i
OBSERVATION:
The plots for the instantaneous power absorbed by the loads and delivered by the
source were plotted using MATLAB over a period of 1 cycle of 50 Hz.
The Real and reactive power delivered by the source and absorbed by the loads were
computed in the code and output of the problem was shown in the MATLAB
Workspace.
INFERENCE:
The analysis shows that resistive loads consume only real power, inductive loads
consume real and positive reactive power, and capacitive loads consume real power
while supplying negative reactive power. Proper balancing of inductive and capacitive
reactance improves power factor, reducing the burden on the source. Efficient circuit
design minimizes energy losses and optimizes overall system performance.
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CALCULATIONS:
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2. When a voltage for V = 230 sin(100πt) is applied to an impedance with R and Z
which are connected in series for R = 50Ω and Z, i) Z = R = 50Ω
ii) Z = L = 0.159H
iii) Z = C = 100µF
a) Plot Voltage, Current, Real and reactive power absorbed by the loads.
b) Plot Voltage, Current, Real and reactive power delivered by the source.
c) Compute the real and reactive power delivered by the source
d) Compute the real and reactive power absorbed by the loads mentioned.
a) SIMULINK Model:
Result:
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b) Simulink Model
Result:
c)
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Result:
Z = R = 50Ω Z = R = 0.159H Z = R = 100µF
P = 250.4 W P = 292.2 W P = 318.8 W
Q = 0W Q = 238.6 W Q = -216.2 W
d)
Result:
Z = R = 50Ω Z = R = 0.159H Z = R = 100µF
P = 132.1 W P = 20.96 W P = 32.03 W
Q = 0W Q = 239.2 W Q = -216.7 W
OBSERVATION:
For all loads, the voltage and current waveforms vary depending on the impedance type
(resistive, inductive, or capacitive). Real power is absorbed only by the resistive load,
while inductive absorb reactive power and capacitive load produces reactive power.
INFERENCE:
The type of impedance in a series circuit determines the power interaction with the
source. For a purely resistive load, the source delivers real power, as voltage and
current are in phase. In contrast, inductive and capacitive loads do not absorb real
power but instead only interact with reactive power, causing phase shifts between
voltage and current. This impacts both the source and load power characteristics.
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