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ENDEX
[Link] Content Page No
PART –A
1 Introduction 2
2 Aim of the Micro project 2
PART–B
1 Brief introduction 3
2 What Makes a Grid “Smart?” 3
3 4
What does a Smart Grid do?
4 7
Rationale for smart grid
technology
5 Smart Grid Characteristics 7
6 8
Why Do We Need Smart Grids?
7 9
Advantages
8 9
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PART –A
SMART GRID
Micro project Proposal
1. Introduction :-
A smart grid serves several purposes and the movement from traditional
electric grids to smart grids is driven by multiple factors, including the
deregulation of the energy market, evolutions in metering, changes on the level
of electricity production, decentralization (distributed energy), the advent of
the involved ‘prosumer’, changing regulations, the rise of microgeneration
and (isolated) microgrids, renewable energy mandates with more energy
sources and new points where and purposes for which electricity is needed (e.g.
electrical vehicle charging points).
2. Aim of the Micro project:-
1. We learn about Smart Grid.
2. To know about need of Smart Grid.
[Link] Know about Applications of the Smart Grid..
S. Details of Activity Plan start Plan Finish Responsible team
R. date Date members
01 Did research on Prashant
micro project Dalavi
02 Search required Srushti Patoli
resources
03 Search an Sarvesh Patil
information
04 Made a report Sanchit Patil
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PART – B
SMART GRID
1. Brief introduction:-
Maybe you have heard of the Smart Grid on the news or from your energy
provider. But not everyone knows what the grid is, let alone the Smart Grid.
"The grid," refers to the electric grid, a network of transmission lines,
substations, transformers and more that deliver electricity from the power plant
to your home or business. It’s what you plug into when you flip on your light
switch or power up your computer. Our current electric grid was built in the
1890s and improved upon as technology advanced through each decade. Today,
it consists of more than 9,200 electric generating units with more than 1 million
megawatts of generating capacity connected to more than 300,000 miles of
transmission lines. Although the electric grid is considered an engineering
marvel, we are stretching its patchwork nature to its capacity. To move forward,
we need a new kind of electric grid, one that is built from the bottom up to
handle the groundswell of digital and computerized equipment and technology
dependent on it—and one that can automate and manage the increasing
complexity and needs of electricity in the 21st Century.
2. What Makes a Grid “Smart?”
In short, the digital technology that allows for two-way communication between
the utility and its customers, and the sensing along the transmission lines is what
makes the grid smart. Like the Internet, the Smart Grid will consist of controls,
computers, automation, and new technologies and equipment working together,
but in this case, these technologies will work with the electrical grid to respond
digitally to our quickly changing electric demand.
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3. What does a Smart Grid do?
The Smart Grid represents an unprecedented opportunity to move the energy
industry into a new era of reliability, availability, and efficiency that will
contribute to our economic and environmental health. During the transition
period, it will be critical to carry out testing, technology improvements,
consumer education, development of standards and regulations, and information
sharing between projects to ensure that the benefits we envision from the Smart
Grid become a reality. The benefits associated with the Smart Grid include:
More efficient transmission of electricity
Quicker restoration of electricity after power disturbances
Reduced operations and management costs for utilities, and ultimately lower
power costs for consumers
Reduced peak demand, which will also help lower electricity rates
Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems
Better integration of customer-owner power generation systems, including
renewable energy systems
Improved security
Today, an electricity disruption such as a blackout can have a domino effect—a
series of failures that can affect banking, communications, traffic, and security.
This is a particular threat in the winter, when homeowners can be left without
heat. A smarter grid will add resiliency to our electric power System and make it
better prepared to address emergencies such as severe storms, earthquakes, large
solar flares, and terrorist attacks. Because of its two-way interactive capacity, the
Smart Grid will allow for automatic rerouting when equipment fails or outages
occur. This will minimize outages and minimize the effects when they do happen.
When a power outage occurs, Smart Grid technologies will detect and isolate the
outages, containing them before they become large-scale blackouts. The new
technologies will also help ensure that electricity recovery resumes quickly and
strategically after an emergency—routing electricity to emergency services first,
for example. In addition, the Smart Grid will take greater advantage of customer-
owned power generators to produce power when it is not available from utilities.
By combining these "distributed generation" resources, a community could keep
its health center, police department, traffic lights, phone System, and grocery
store operating during emergencies. In addition, the Smart Grid is a way to
address an aging energy infrastructure that needs to be upgraded or replaced. It’s
a way to address energy efficiency, to bring increased awareness to consumers
about the connection between electricity use and the environment. And it’s a way
to bring increased national security to our energy System—drawing on greater
amounts of home-grown electricity that is more resistant to natural disasters and
attack.
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Fig No 1
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Fig No 2
For the purposes of this roadmap, smart grids include electricity networks
(transmission and distribution systems) and interfaces with generation, storage
and end-users.
While many regions have already begun to “smarten” their electricity system, all
regions will require significant additional investment and planning to achieve a
smarter grid. Smart grids are an evolving set of technologies that will be deployed
at different rates in a variety of settings around the world, depending on local
commercial attractiveness, compatibility with existing technologies, regulatory
developments and investment frameworks
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4. Rationale for smart grid technology
The world’s electricity systems face a number of challenges, including ageing
infrastructure, continued growth in demand, the integration of increasing numbers
of variable renewable energy sources and electric vehicles, the need to improve the
security of supply and the need to lower carbon emissions.
Smart grid technologies offer ways not just to meet these challenges but also to
develop a cleaner energy supply that is more energy efficient, more affordable and
more sustainable.
These challenges must also be addressed with regard to each region’s unique
technical, financial and commercial regulatory environment. Given the highly
regulated nature of the electricity system, proponents of smart grids must ensure
that they engage with all stakeholders, including equipment manufacturers, system
operators, consumer advocates and consumers, to develop tailored technical,
financial and regulatory solutions that enable the potential of smart grids
[Link] Grid Characteristics
The main characteristics of smart grids are explained below:
[Link] all generation and storage options-
A smart grid accommodates not only large, centralised power plants, but also the
growing array of customer-sited distributed energy resources. Integration of these
resources – including renewables, small-scale combined heat and power, and
energy storage – will increase rapidly all along the value chain, from suppliers to
marketers to customers.
[Link] new products, services and market-
Correctly designed and operated markets efficiently create an opportunity for
consumers to choose among competing services. Some of the independent grid
variables that must be explicitly managed are energy, capacity, location, time, rate
of change and quality. Markets can play a major role in the management of these
variables. Regulators, owners/operators and consumers need the flexibility to
modify the rules of business to suit operating and market conditions.
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[Link] the power quality for the range of needs-
Not all commercial enterprises, and certainly not all residential customers, need
the same quality of power. A smart grid supplies varying grades (and prices) of
power. The cost of premium power-quality features can be included in the
electrical service contract. Advanced control methods monitor essential
components, enabling rapid diagnosis and solutions to events that impact power
quality, such as lightning, switching surges, line faults and harmonic sources.
[Link] asset utilisation and operating efficiency-
A smart grid applies the latest technologies to optimise the use of its assets. For
example, optimised capacity can be attainable with dynamic ratings, which allow
assets to be used at greater loads by continuously sensing and rating their
capacities. Maintenance efficiency can be optimised with condition-based
maintenance, which signals the need for equipment maintenance at precisely the
right time.
System-control devices can be adjusted to reduce losses and eliminate congestion.
Operating efficiency increases when selecting the least-cost energy-delivery
system available through these types of system-control devices.
6. Why Do We Need Smart Grids?
Smart grids are not only aligned perfectly with the needs and demands of
our time, they are also predicted to have significant long-lasting effects.
For instance, the technology will overhaul aging equipment and bring
things up to speed. This will help to reduce the likelihood of blackouts,
burnouts and power surges. The technology will also reduce both the
cost of energy consumption and production. With its full implementation,
smart grids will make renewable power feasible and equip the grid to
meet increasing energy demands. More importantly, however, the
technology will give consumers near real-time control of their energy
bills and facilitate large-scale electric vehicle charging.
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7. Advantages
➨It reduces electricity theft.
➨It reduces electricity losses (transmission, distribution etc.)
➨It reduces electricity cost, meter reading cost, T&M operations and
maintenance costs etc.
➨It reduces equipment failures due to automatic operation based on varying load
conditions. Demand-Response reduces stress on assets of smart grid system
during peak conditions which reduces their probability of failure.
➨It reduces sustained outages and reduces consecutively associated restoration
cost.
➨ Smart grid contributes to keep environment green.
➨It reduces oil usage and wide scale black-outs. Hence smart grid provides
security to the people by providing continuous power.
➨Smart grid is capable of meeting increased consumer demand without ading
infrastructure.
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