You are going to read an article about a woman who got lost while she was on holiday.

Six
sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits
each gap. There is an extra sentence you do not need to use.

LOST IN PARADISE

On my second trip to Greece I had a very embarrassing experience. I had arrived in Athens very early in the
morning after a delayed flight from London on which I had barely slept a wink. My plan was ato go to an
island called Skopelos that a friend had recommended. It turned out that this involved a five-hour bus trip,
at the end of which I had to catch a ferry to the island. By the time I got there, I had been travelling for over
twenty-four hours.

As soon as the ferry docked at the little port, the other tourists and I were surrounded by local people
offering us accommodation in their homes. I attached myself to a lovely woman called Nina and she led me
up a winding path to her house, where she showed me to a pretty room with a private bathroom. ___1___.
After getting dressed, I went down to the kitchen.

There, Nina was sitting with a young woman called Anika, who spoke Greek and English. While we had
coffee, Anika acted as an interpreter. It turned out that Nina’s daughter Olga was studying abroad, so Anika
was staying in her room. Nina had suggested she should show me around the town. ___2___. We finished
our coffee, said goodbye to Nina and headed out the door.

As we headed in the direction of the port, Anika pointed out various landmarks for me to remember: a
house with a blue door and a lemon tree in a pot, a little chapel with a small bench outside, a café on a
corner where there was a friendly little dog. ___3___. I wondered if I should go back to the house and have
an early night but decided that I would be better off having something to eat before retracing my steps.

By the time Anika and I reached the port, it was time for her to go to work. ___4___. Although I was very
hungry, I decided to make sure I could find my way back to Nina’s while there was still some light.

From the port, I walked up a narrow path I could have sworn was the same one Nina and I had followed
earlier that day. There was a café on a corner but no friendly dog, a little chapel but the bench was nowhere
to be seen and there were several houses with blue doors and lemon trees. I had no idea where I was.
___5___. I began to wonder if Nina and her house were just a figment of my imagination.

Eventually, I realised that the simplest thing to do was to go back to the port and ask the tourist police to
help me. ___6___. The police laughed when I told them that. It turned out that there were twenty women
called Nina who rented out rooms and ten of them had daughters called Olga who were studying abroad.

The police were very kind, nevertheless, and telephoned every one of those women until on the tenth call
they managed to find ‘my Nina’. She came to get me and guided me back up to the house, chuckling to
herself all the way. I collapsed into bed and slept for almost ten hours. The next day at breakfast I met an
English couple who had had exactly the same experience.

A – I hadn’t asked Nina to write down the address but at least I knew her name.
B - This meant that I was on my own, and the sun was beginning to set.
C – The harder I tried to remember exactly what Anika had said, the more lost I became.
D – Since it was late June, it would still be light for a couple of hours.
E – I had a much needed shower and unpacked.
F – Surely he would know where Nina lived.
G – I tried to pay attention but my tiredness made it difficult to take it all in.

Read the following text and choose the best answer a), b) or c) according to the information in the
text.

SLOW FOOD: CAN YOU EAT WELL AND SAVE THE WORLD?

At midday on Oct. 23, some 300 young people sat down to eat in a shopping mall in Turin, Italy. But instead
of the usual food-court fare of burgers and Cinnabons, lunch for these mostly 20-somethings consisted of
rice-and-broccoli salad, stewed sweet potatoes and hand-chopped beef tartare. If that seems a surprisingly
wholesome meal for the setting, that's kind of the point: the "eat-in," organized by the Youth Food
Movement — an arm of the Slow Food organization — was devised in part as a protest against fast food.
"By doing this and by making Slow Food work, we're saying no to the industrial food that most people are
forced to eat," says Gabriel Vidolin, a 21-year-old Brazilian chef who helped prepare the meal.
The eat-in was but one event at the 2010 edition of Terra Madre, a biannual international gathering that
brings together roughly 5,000 farmers, activists, chefs and everyday eaters from around the world for four
days of networking, mutual education and cheerleading. In its size and fervour, the event is a sign of Slow
Food's growing strength: 24 years after writer Carlo Petrini and a small group of fellow Italians first
protested against the arrival of McDonald's in Rome's Piazza di Spagna, Slow Food has become a massive
global movement, with 100,000 members in 130 countries all working for food that is "good, clean and fair."
But in its twin dedication to both politics and lunch, Terra Madre lays bare the uncomfortable tension at the
heart of Slow Food: Is this about saving the world or eating well?
For Petrini, the answer is both. Although in its earliest incarnations Slow Food tended to emphasize the
pleasures of traditional ingredients and preparations, the organization is increasingly becoming more
political. In addition to working to protect traditional products, it is currently involved in projects to improve
school lunches around the globe and promote sustainable agriculture. At a press conference on Saturday,
Petrini announced plans to sponsor 1,000 gardens in Africa in the coming year and called for “more politics
in food journalism and less food porn."
And yet at the Salone del Gusto, an immense public fair of Slow Food–approved products that takes place
as part of Terra Madre, it was all food porn all the time. Most of the 800 stands featured Italian delicacies —
cured meats, bronze-cut pastas, thin bottles of grappa — but 100 foreign "presidia" (Slow Food–speak for
foodstuffs certified as artisanal and sustainably produced) were also represented, from pink Chilean quinoa
to Senegalese fruit juices.
With 700 members, the U.S. delegation to Terra Madre was the event's largest, and the mood in its meeting
was decidedly celebratory. Attendees discussed their successes building urban farms and supporting
farmers' markets. Well aware that the organization is seen by some as elitist, Slow Food USA president
Josh Viertel called for greater efforts to improve the access that underprivileged communities have to
wholesome food and for better protection of the rights of food-industry workers.
Author Patel believes that the organization, though making important strides, has yet to live up to its ideals.
He is critical of the plan for a thousand gardens in Africa, viewing it as perhaps excessively idealistic and
insufficiently political. "What's more important is to stop our government from doing the things it does to stop
Africans from growing their own food, from having their own gardens."
And so it went at Terra Madre, politics and pleasure circling each other, looking for common ground.
Sometimes it worked: a lawyer involved in a suit against seed-and-chemical company Monsanto bonded
with an Ethiopian herbalist over a display of Madagascar vanilla and a shared sense of outrage about
genetically modified crops. But sometimes it didn't: two Senegalese women in brightly printed dresses
caressed a box of fragrant organic clementines but were unable to afford the price.
In the end, creating a sense of community may be Terra Madre's greatest accomplishment. Dutch farmer
Pieter de Brock found himself overwhelmed by the attention he received for the peppery sausage he makes
from free-range Drenthe Heath sheep, Western Europe's oldest breed and one that he and a few others
have saved from extinction. "As a shepherd, you spend a lot of time alone with your herd," he said, offering
thin slices to a crowd of waiting hands. "But here, it's amazing. There are lots of people interested in the
same things as I am. I'm doing a lot of talking."

1. Gabriel Vidolin thinks that

a) a great number of people have no option but fast food.
b) events such as the eat-in are popular with young people.
c) slow food works by encouraging protests against fast food.
2. The Terra Madre movement …
a) finds itself facing a dilemma.
b) is an event always held in Italy.
c) is a highly-politicised organisation.
3. Petrini believes that …
a) children do not benefit from eating school lunches.
b) Slow Food is involved in too many projects.
c) there is too much emphasis on pleasure.
3. At the Salone del Gusto, …
 a) anyone could display any types of different foods.
b) overseas products outnumbered local specialities.
c) the type of food on show had been carefully selected.
4. The members of Slow Food USA are most likely to …
a) be less democratic than those of other groups.
b) have similar social and economic backgrounds.
c) have more to celebrate than other groups at the event.
5. Author Patel thinks that the organization …
a) has a complete lack of political commitment.
b) is generally heading in the right direction.
c) will do more harm than good in Africa.
6. This event …
a) resulted in producers and consumers bonding perfectly.
b) raised people’s awareness of genetically modified food.
c) was hopeful for some while it left others disappointed.
7. The movement’s most remarkable achievement is to …
a) give farmers a chance to talk and complain to each other.
b) give people a sense of belonging to a greater thing.
c) prevent old breeds of animals from becoming extinct.

Read the article and the sentences that have been removed. Choose from sentences A-G the one
that fits each gap. There is one extra sentence you do not need to use.

LIFE AS A FILM EXTRA: HOLLYWOOD’S LEAST POWERFUL PEOPLE

The chariot race in the 1959 Roman epic Ben Hur will go down in history for two reasons. First, because
263 feet of film was shot for every one foot that made it into the final movie, making it the least economically
shot section of any film. The second reason is that it features a trumpet-playing extra who forgot to take his
watch off. The film won 11 Oscars, but more than 60 years later we still can’t get past that one mistake.
___1___. Nobody notices you unless you do something wrong.

Little has changed since Ben Hur apart from the fact that extras are now called ‘supporting artists’ but their
‘artistry’ begins and ends with walking, standing and sitting. It’s rare for an extra to get to say anything so
there are no lines to memorise and they seldom even see the script. ___2___. A week earlier the assistant
director of the film told me to turn up in a cark park at 7 a.m., looking ‘smart casual’ and that in the scene in
which I was supposed to act I should look ‘happy’.

When I got there I saw production trailers, handling everything from wardrobe to catering and make-up. I
was directed to a bus where extras wait until a member of the crew comes on board to choose people for
particular scenes. The bus wasn’t full of would-be actors as I had imagined. ___3___. They liked the idea of
sitting on the bus and relaxing on their day off while earning a bit of extra cash.

The cost of extras is one of the reasons why epics such as Ben Hur are a thing of the past. Nowadays,
where possible, crowds are digitised in. In Gladiator they used 2,000 live actors to create a digital crowd of
about 35,000 people. But for some of the crowd scenes, in addition to the real-life extras and the digital
ones, they also used cut-outs made of cardboard. ___4___. Inflatable extras are more rounded and have
the added advantage of being easy to deflate, store and reuse.

Even so, for the best human extras, there is still a wide variety of work. ‘ casting director could be looking
for five Spanish-speaking fire eaters in a circus scene or 500 people to play zombies taking over a city,’
says Jamie Howell, of extras agency Star Now. ___5___. The advent of the internet has made the whole
casting process a lot easier.

It doesn’t matter how old you are and it doesn’t matter what you look like. In fact, the more ordinary you
look, the better. Having George Clooneys or Angelina Jolies in the background is too distracting. Though
there may be nothing distinctive about them, today’s extras are real professionals and know their worth.
___6___. The extras I spoke to said this was the best way to get block bookings,

Finally, we were called on to the set for a fight scene. Our emotions as extras was ‘surprise’. I was
convinced that I was about to play my role brilliantly. Unfortunately, the scene didn’t involve any extras in
the end. We just had to watch them shooting it. But then tea trolley arrived. Suddenly, I got it. All this, and
biscuits too. The extra’s life was starting to make sense.

A – I learnt all this at first hand during my day as a supporting artist.

B – These can look a bit fake.
C – That’s the life of an extra for you.
D – It used to be a question of finding extras on the street and approaching the ones who looked right for a
particular scene.
E – Instead there was a lawyer, a banker and a music producer.
F – I couldn’t imagine why anyone would want to do this.
G – They even have agents.

For questions 1-8 read the text and decide which option best fits each gap.
TO BE OR NOT TO BE A STAR?

If you’re longing to live a film-star lifestyle, join the queue of hundreds of would-be actors streaming into
Hollywood. __0__ for the movie studios where they think their dreams will come __1__. But it goes without
__2__ that virtually none of these hopefuls will go straight into major roles in mainstream films. Most find
temporary jobs to pay the rent, waiting for the __3__ break they think will come eventually – though the
__4__ are heavily stacked against them. It isn’t easy to get yourself invited to any kind of __5__. Even if
you do, being rejected is part of the process – you have to get __6__ it and keep on trying. Never let it get
you __7__ - if you do, you will never succeed. Having said that, you should have an alternative plan just in
case you don’t __8__ it to the top. If you have to accept that your dreams are just that, and do something
completely different. It may actually turn out to be ultimately more satisfying.

0. A going B getting C setting D heading

1 A true B correct C right D real
2 A speaking B saying C talking D expressing
3 A huge B big C enormous D massive
4 A chances B opportunities C odds D gains
5 A audition B rehearsal C practice D interview
6 A to B under C through D over
7 A down B off C on D in
8 A succeed B make C get D pass

A REVIEW OF A COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES

A collection of short stories has a wide range of interesting characters. The topics explored are not
interrelated as some other collections are - __0__ each story covers a different aspect of personal
experience.
The first story concerns the psychological __1__ of a decision made by a woman in the heat of the moment.
The reader is left to __2__ his or her own mind about whether the woman should feel guilty, though it
seemed to me that in this __3__ she shouldn’t.
The second story is based on the __4__ of revenge. It follows the victim of a crime, and the way in which
she __5__ the situation. Although she may appear to be cruel at times, the reader feels genuine __6__ for
her.
Finally, there is an exciting account of what would happen if you __7__ your best friend was leading a
secret life as a spy. __8__ it sounds unlikely, the writing is excellent and creates great suspense.
Overall, it’s a collection to enjoy and re-read many times.
0 A instead B and C despite D though
1 A ends B significances C consequences D summaries
2 A make over B make out C make up D make for
3 A moment B time C place D case
4 A movement B argument C sense D theme
5 A gets up to B deals with C comes up to D goes with
6 A sympathy B identity C sensitivity D consideration
7 A found out B looked for C went through D got from
8 A Since B Although C In spite of D As

Read the following text and fill in the gaps with just one word.

MORE THAN JUST A PRETTY FACE?

There are many stories of dolphins helping people __0__ trouble, like saving swimmers from shark attacks
by gathering round them of shepherding them to safety. __1__ these stories are true, why do dolphins do it
and __2__ makes them behave in this way? Scientists __3__ have studied them are not entirely sure.
__4__ dolphins to act together as a group to save humans implies that __5__ is some sort of code of ethics
among dolphins, but there is little evidence for that. The __6__ likely explanation is that they instinctively
respond to the appearance of predators like sharks by herding weaker members of their own group into a
safe place – and there is proof that dolphins do cooperate with __7__ another to ward off danger. Maybe
they just mistake swimmers __8__ part of their group, which would mean that dolphins don’t have genuine
feelings of kindness towards humans. It __9__ be that their smiling appearance simply gives people the
wrong idea.

A GOOD SHOW REALLY?

I love going to the theatre but I am often disappointed _ BY_ the show itself, which fails to live __1__ to my
expectations. So what’s the best way to __2__ out if a particular production is worth seeing? Some people
read the critical reviews but __3__ far can they be trusted? There are always glowing tributes outside
theatres promising a ‘thrilling’ evening or a ‘sensational’ show, but many theatre managers choose these
advertising quotations __4__ great care. This is because they want to __5__ theatre-goers the impression
that the reviews were more positive than they might __6__ been. One musical was advertised with the
words ‘the songs remind you of how fabulous the band were’, but more negative comments were left
__7__. So maybe __8__ we have to do is read the reviews carefully, but then trust our own judgement
about __9__ we should pay money to go and see the show.
Read the following text and choose the best answer a), b) or c) according to the information in the
text. 0 is the example.

THE INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

The International Baccalaureate’s popularity is growing, reports Stephen Hoare, not least because it has an
exam system that is recognised around the world. In an increasingly global marketplace, the internationally
minded can have the edge. That’s where the International Baccalaureate comes in.

The International School of Amsterdam (ISA), based in Amstelveen, has been teaching the IB diploma since
1980. Chinese, Indian, American and British are among the 52 nationalities in the school, which teaches
ages five through 18. Most lessons are in English, but modern foreign languages are delivered in the target
tongue, as students learn faster this way. “The IB’s broad curriculum and its focus on language skills helps
create more internationally minded people,” says David Monk, the head of the upper school.

The International Baccalaureate was founded 41 years ago by teachers at an international school in
Geneva to meet the needs of children whose parents were geographically mobile. They recognised that a
standardised syllabus meant that children moving from one country to another would not face disrupted
schooling. Common strands such as a focus on the theory of knowledge, languages and community service
began to emerge. The IB caters for a diverse student mix with a broad range of subjects and includes an
exam system that is recognised around the world.
Figures from the International Baccalaureate Organisation (IBO) show that the fastest-growing market for
its qualifications is no longer from private international schools but from the state sector. This is true of
Australia, the US and South America. There are now almost 2,000 schools worldwide that offer the IB
diploma, up from 1,300 in 2005. Altogether 97,000 candidates now take the IB diploma, an increase of
about 30% in the last five years.

IBO is keen to dispel suggestions of elitism. “Our mission is to broaden access to schools in developing
countries or in deprived communities,” says its information officer, Jenan al Haddad. “We have an
advancement programme that works with NGOs and individual benefactors to support schools wanting to
set up the IB.”.

Monk reasons that children of expatriates need a more inclusive education. “My sons are English but
they’ve never lived in England. They all speak Dutch and my eldest, who’s aged 11, plays football for a local
Dutch team.” Under an IB curriculum bilingualism and even trilingualism is encouraged.

Primarily designed as a preparation for university entrance, the diploma comprises six subjects – theory of
knowledge, study of society, maths, a science, language A and language B. Learning a language includes
looking at literary texts, while the study of society includes psychology, history and geography. Pupils from
ethnic minorities can study a community language such as Hindi, Urdu or Mandarin. Breadth of focus
comes from the 150 hours of community service IB students are expected to fit in over two years.

There is great flexibility within the IB syllabus for schools to choose subjects or texts that best suit their
students. A UK state school, Broadgreen International School in Liverpool, for example, offers the IB
diploma in the sixth form alongside vocational qualifications. The school attracts children of Chinese, Indian,
African and eastern European expatriates working in the university and medical sectors. The head-teacher,
Ian Andain, says: “We offer Mandarin Chinese, Italian, French, Spanish and Japanese. And literature
doesn’t just mean Shakespeare; it could be Camus or Lorca.”

Judith Fabian, the IBO’s academic director, says the programme’s appeal lies in its “holistic approach” “It’s
a more demanding curriculum and most of our assessment is open-ended. The focus is on original ideas
and critical thinking and there is evidence to show that the drop-out rate at university is lower among former
IB students,” Fabian says. “This isn’t just about getting a qualification; it is education focused on the child.

0. According to the passage, global markets demand …

a) edgy proposals. b) cutting edge proposals. c) proposals on the edge.

8. According to the text, …

a) the IB uses English as the target language.
b) not all subjects are taught in English.
c) modern languages are not part of the curriculum.

9. The IB was founded to cater particularly for …

a) standard families. b) disrupted families. c) itinerant families.

10. According to the text, …

a) 2,000 schools offer the diploma in Australia, the US and South America.
b) nowadays more schools offer the diploma than several years ago.
c) the market has greatly increased in both private and state schools.

11. Jenan al Haddad, IBO’s information officer, says that …

a) they are eager to get helpers that will support their programme.
b) in developing countries only a select few have access to the IB.
c) his organization is ready to assist schools in underprivileged areas.

12. The IBO diploma …

a) includes Hindi, Urdu and Mandarin as compulsory subjects.
b) makes it possible for ethnic minorities to study their own language.
c) bases the study of language mainly on its literature.

13. Everybody taking the IB diploma …

a) must work helping people without being paid.
b) will have to spend two years on project work.
c) is to study six subjects, a minority language included.

14. According to Judith Fabian, the proof of the IB’s success is that …
a) IB students are more likely to finish their university courses.
b) getting a qualification is not important for IB students.
c) that IB dropouts do as well as other university students.

Fill in the gaps in the following texts with one suitable word. 0 is the example.

FILMS IN SCHOOLS ARE INSPIRING CHILDREN WITH THE JOY OF LEARNING

Teachers find that classic movies supplied free 0___by___ the charity Filmclub are sharpening the critical
skills of their pupils.
___1___ the fact it may seem unlikely, E.T. and Wall-E are being credited as playing an important role in
aiding the educational development of today's schoolchildren.

The films are part of a 1,800-strong cinematic library supplied free of charge to UK schools by the charity
Filmclub, ___2___ claims movies help disengaged pupils to connect with their lessons.

The charity, ___3___ up in 2007 by its founder Beeban Kidron, says some 172,000 pupils in 5,552 schools
now participate in the project.

Thanks to Filmclub, pupils can watch films in ___4___ 46 languages, from more than 130 countries and
regions. Nearly half of all films ordered come from the Filmclub recommended list of 650 specially selected
titles.

___5___ to findings to be presented at a major conference this week, organised by Save the Children, 93%
of teachers running Filmclubs believe they have opened up access to culture for children. Four out of five
say that the clubs ___6___ a big difference when it comes to increasing pupils' critical skills.

Curated by an expert team, the Filmclub catalogue allows teachers to use cinematic themes to explore
curriculum objectives, ___7___ black people's history or homophobia in society.

The initiative is credited with breaking down social inequalities. "Children who do after-school activities have
more confidence," said Sally Copley, head of UK policy at Save the Children. "This ultimately translates into
___8___ better in exams and getting a better job."

FIT FOR SPORTS

It's not always easy to decide which sport to (0).... up. When choosing, it is important to remember that
excellence in sports results (1).... a number of factors. For some sports, the body shape and structure with
(2).... you are born are important. Top runners are typical examples of individuals (3).... have selected a
sport because of their natural body type. Many other sports are more dependent (4).... training and
technique, and anyone following a well-structured and appropriate training programme should do well.
The aim of all sports training (5).... to improve fitness and skills, and to develop training programmes that
are both safe (6).... effective. To do (7).... properly, an understanding of (8).... physical demands of sport is
needed. All sports require a combination of strength, speed, endurance, agility and flexibility to varying
degrees. (9).... is important is how these elements are combined to build up the skills of the sport (10)....
question. Other factors to be (11).... into account in a training programme are diet, the importance of
avoiding injuries, your general state of health, and the nature and role (12).... other team players.
Bearing those considerations in (13).... , anyone prepared to work (14).... it can expect to progress to a very
reasonable competitive level, even (15).... only a few people will go on to break world records.
 BETTER HEARING THROUGH BLUETOOTH

For gaps 1-7choose the answer (A-D) which best fits each gap.

Like many men of his generation, Larry Faust, 61, of Seattle, went to a lot of rock concerts in his youth. And
like many men of his generation, his hearing isn’t what it used to be.“

My wife has been bugging me for several years to do something about my hearing,” said [Link]. “I spent
part of the summer of 1969 at Woodstock Festival and that probably didn’t help.

”_____1_____ of going the traditional route — buying hearing aids through an audiologist or licensed
hearing aid dispenser — Mr. Faust purchased a device that is classified as a personalsound amplifier
product, or P.S.A.P., _____2_____ is designed to amplify sounds in a recreational environment.

_____3_____ hearing aids, P.S.A.P.’s are exempt from Food and Drug Administration supervision and can
be sold as electronic devices directly to consumers, with no need to see a physician before buying one.
They come with a range of features and vary widely in price.

And _____4_____ some hearing professionals have long cautioned against the devices, citing their
unreliability and poor quality, many _____5_____ say that a new generation of P.S.A.P.s that utilize the
latest wireless technology are offering promising alternatives for some people with hearing loss.

The device Mr. Faust bought, the CS10 from a Chicago-based company called Sound World Solutions, cost
$299.99, thousands of dollars cheaper than most digital hearing aids. While it has many of the same
features that high-end hearing aids have, it has one capability that hearing aids and other devices on the
market _____6_____ don’t have. It comes with software that enables consumers to program it themselves,
a feature made possible in part by the adoption of the widely available Bluetooth wireless technology.
_____7_____ having to visit an audiologist to program the device, something that hearing aid users must
do, CS10 customers can program it themselves by downloading the app to an Android phone or a computer
(an iPhone version is under development). This self-programming feature may make the CS10 especially
useful for consumers in developing countries, where there is no formal distributional model for hearing aids
and “no audiologists,” said Stavros Basseas, the company’s co-founder.

1.A. Despite [Link] C. Instead D. While

2.A. that [Link] C. which D. who
3.A. Although [Link] C. Like D. Unlike
4.A. As [Link] C. when D. while
5.A. Also [Link] well C. however D. too
6.A. Consequently [Link] C. lately D. recently
7.A. After [Link] C. Instead D. Rather than

Fill in the gaps in the following text with just one word.

SNORING

Sleep deprivation can make us very angry, which is (1) ..... snoring - the human equivalent of a car alarm
being set off at night - can be so irritating. Most people snore occasionally but in middle age about 40% of
men and 20% of women (2) ...... so regularly. Snoring can ruin relationships and be intensely embarrassing.
Snorers (3) ..... go into hospital, for example, may worry that they keep the whole ward awake . But
snoring doesn't (4) ..... afflict other people; snorers may also disturb (5) ..... and feel sleepy during the day.

Snoring can sometimes be a symptom of a more serious condition. Up (6) ....... six percent of men and two
percent of women suffer from sleep apnoea, a syndrome in which breathing is significantly disrupted during
sleep. Some people may start off (7) ...... uncomplicated snorers, but develop sleep apnoea as they get
older. The word “apnoea” is derived (8) ..… Greek and means ‘no breathing’. People with sleep apnoea
have airways that become obstructed during sleep. Typically, they snore loudly, stop breathing, struggle
with air, partly wake up (although often unaware (9) ..... it), gulp a bit, and then
recommence snoring. The cycle may (10) .... repeated over 100 times an hour.
Hardly surprisingly, people with sleep apnoea feel unrefreshed in the morning. They may have problems
concentrating during the day, feel depressed and fall asleep (11) …... socially unacceptable times. At worst,
they can fall asleep (12) ...... driving or operating dangerous machinery.

Read the following text and choose the most appropriate answer a), b) or c).

WHAT IS SUCCESS?
What do people mean when they talk about ‘success’? The word itself has never been seen more regularly.
It’s a concept that concerns many in their working lives, their personal lives, even in their hobbies, but what
really constitutes ‘success’? It means a whole host of different things to different people, but more than
anything else it usually means fame or money.
Look at the arts, for example. In every facet of that world, there are ever-increasing numbers of people –
not all of them young – who are trying to ‘succeed’. It has been said that ‘everyone has a book inside them’
and certainly a lot of people out there are trying to prove the wisdom of this statement, inundating
publishers with their efforts. Why? Often because, inspired either by the kind of thing that’s in the bestseller
lists or by an overwhelming desire to ‘express themselves’, or both, they think they can write a bestseller,
with the income and recognition that comes with that.
The same goes for the performing arts. Stage schools, drama courses, colleges are all turning out a
positive flood of aspiring performers and most of them aren’t doing it so that they can appear in an obscure
play in an obscure theatre for the love of their art. Inspired by the parade of fleeting celebrities that passes
before them on TV, they want to be in the latest high-profile musical, the most watched soap opera, the
popular TV show or film. However much they may enjoy and gain personal fulfilment from their particular
area of activity, it’s fame and fortune that’s the real inspiration. The sight of others getting those things is
what propels them on, the promise of those twin achievements the real motivation.
In sport, success can usually be defined as ‘winning’, and so it’s not simply a question of fame and fortune.
In some sports, people can acquire a reasonably high level of fame, and a high level of income to go with it,
but not be defined as ‘successful’, either by themselves or others. Look at football management, for
example. Extremely well-paid managers, known to the public just as much as any player, get sacked or lose
their jobs for not winning championships or trophies. They might even lose their jobs for coming second,
such are the expectations of club owners and fans. And so, someone who is at the very top of their
profession, managing a leading club, wealthy and well-known, is deemed a failure.
In business, money is inevitably the driver; a business that doesn’t make money isn’t going to survive for
long, and so there can be no other determiner of success than finance. That’s not the whole story of course
– aspects such as innovation, business culture, impact on the local community, and a host of others can be
considered areas in which ‘success’ is important. But the simple fact is that none of these things can
happen without financial success.
Fame, however, isn’t an integral part of success in business. Most successful business people are wholly
unknown to the general public, though of course they are well-known within their own sphere. There are
exceptions to this, business people who court publicity via such things as TV appearances or regular
appearances in the news media and magazines. Such people want fame as well as money, though they
would argue that the PR campaigns that place them in the public eye are also a way of promoting their
businesses, and therefore motivated by financial success too. It’s all part of the same aim.
All of this begs the question: is it possible for someone to be considered a success without a degree of
fame and fortune? Well, yes obviously, as there are plenty of people who are described as ‘a successful
lawyer’ or ‘a successful chef’ but who are unknown outside their own immediate colleagues or peers, and
who do not have a massive amount of wealth.
Nevertheless, even in these cases, the twin elements of recognition and money are the fundamental
reasons for calling someone successful.
All of this begs the question: is it possible for someone to be considered a success without a degree of
fame and fortune? Well, yes obviously, as there are plenty of people who are described as ‘a successful
lawyer’ or ‘a successful chef’ but who are unknown outside their own immediate colleagues or peers, and
who do not have a massive amount of wealth. Nevertheless, even in these cases, the twin elements of
recognition and money are the fundamental reasons for calling someone successful. These people may not
be among the super-rich and they certainly do not have anything that could be described as fame. But they
are recognized by others within their professions as having made significant achievements and they ‘do
well’ financially compared to the rest of the population.
To what extent do notions of ‘success’ matter to people in general? Perhaps to a greater degree than they
did in the past, when the vast majority were content doing an ‘ordinary’ job and ‘get through life’. Nowadays,
much more is made of the idea of succeeding and so a lot more people measure themselves and their
achievements against the twin notions of recognition and financial gain. This may well have led to a greater
degree of dissatisfaction among people who in the past may have been entirely satisfied by their lot in life.
0 The writer says that many people who are writing books …
a feel that they have a good chance of gaining success.
b have been given the idea their writing is good.
c are not motivated by the desire for fame and fortune.

1 The writer says that in the performing arts, many people …

a reject opportunities for certain kinds of work.
b want to equal the achievements of other people.
c only want to be involved for a short period of their lives.

2 The writer says that in sport …

a people who are successful fear that they will soon be considered failures.
b different people react to success in different ways.
c what most people would consider success may not be regarded as success.

3 The writer says that in the business world …

a it is becoming increasingly hard to know what people mean by success.
b a variety of factors prevent businesses from succeeding.
c profit continues to be the main basis for considering a business a success.

4 The writer mentions famous business people who …

a justify their fame as being for good business reasons.
b are surprised when they gain recognition outside the business world.
c are not actually as successful in business as they appear to be.

5 The writer uses lawyers and chefs as examples of people who …

a see themselves differently from how others see them.
b are motivated only by the desire for recognition and wealth.
c conform to his theories about what is generally considered success.

6 In the final paragraph, the writer points out a problem for people caused by …
a higher expectations of life. b being considered successful. c not sharing the views of others.

Read the following text and complete the gaps with the corresponding sentence (A-I) from the box,
as in the example (Ex. - C). There are THREE extra sentences you do not need to use.

Why We Should Embrace Mistakes in School

When my daughter was a toddler, I regularly spilled milk in front of her during meal time. (0)”___C___” I
would say in my high-pitched, goofy mom voice.

Before she could speak, I sensed that she was wired for perfectionism (something very familiar to me), so I
attempted to normalize day-to-day mistakes and to show her how easy it was to bounce back from them.

We’re in the thick of the spilled-milk journey right now—learning to accept and embrace mistakes on a
larger scale. Now that she is 13 years old, I am all the more sensitized to how she responds to mistakes at
school, in particular—and how they enhance or detract from her learning.

For many teens, perceived faults loom large as their self-consciousness grows. (1) _____—judging,
comparing, and evaluating—while mental health conditions like anxiety and depression are on the rise.

Our performance-based school culture may not be helping, but there is an alternative—and it
involves guiding our students to embrace the very failures they’re trying to avoid.

Mistakes help us to learn

In her 2017 paper “Learning from Errors,” psychologist Janet Metcalfe claims that avoiding and ignoring
mistakes at school appears to be the rule in American classrooms— and it may be holding back our
education system. Drawing on research, she argues that students may actually benefit from making
mistakes (and correcting them) (2) _____.
Focus on errors; don’t ignore them: only a few studies can shed light on how teachers respond to mistakes
in the classroom. One famous study of mathematics classrooms in a variety of countriesrevealed a marked
difference between the instructional strategies in Japan versus the United States. Videotapes showed that
American teachers focused on the correct procedures for solving problems— (3) _____. Japanese
teachers, on the other hand, rarely praised their students and asked them to solve problems on their own.
Then, they led discussions of common errors as students explored a variety of pathways to both correct
and incorrect solutions.

Because Japanese students outperform U.S. students in math, it’s worth taking note of this contrast.
Japanese teachers seem to be embracing the learning struggle by acknowledging mistakes rather than
ignoring them.

Helping students respond to perceived failure

When children worry that they are making too many mistakes or possibly failing at something, the emotional
fallout can be difficult to manage. According to UC Berkeley professor Martin Covington, (4)___, or the
belief that you are valuable as a person. Covington found that students will put themselves through
unbelievable psychological machinations in order to avoid failure and maintain the sense that they are
worthy.

Here lies the larger challenge: how can we help kids to accept their errors and failures, particularly in
school, so that they might translate this skill to the real world?

Adjust the learning environment: “Let’s try this another way.” In the same study of fourth to sixth graders’
mistakes, emotions, and coping strategies, (5) ____. Students may find it more emotionally challenging to
work in a small group when they’re having difficulty, and may be better served by working privately. So,
consider providing options to kids who may need a little space to flounder.

Encourage persistence: “Keep trying. Don’t give up!” A 2017 study demonstrates that when adults model
persistence in working toward a goal, (6) ____. Persistence can be learned. As teachers, we have a lot of
power to influence our students’ efforts by sharing our own vulnerability and identifying our own self-
conscious emotions, our stops and starts during problem solving, and our commitment to keep going.

Model self-compassion: “be kind to yourself when you’re confused; it’s okay.” If we model and normalize the
ups and downs of learning with our students, we can also share the power of self-compassion. They can
learn to think: “This is tough, and I don’t get it. I’m not alone here; other people get confused just like me,
and I’m going to cut myself some slack; it’s okay to not know the answer right now. I can be kind to myself
and know that I will find my way through this challenge.”

A. INFANTS AS YOUNG AS 15 MONTHS TEND TO MIMIC THAT BEHAVIOR

B. KIDS ARE WATCHING EACH OTHER CLOSELY BOTH IN SCHOOL AND ONLINE
C. OOPS, OH WELL, NO BIG DEAL, LET’S CLEAN IT UP!! (Example)-0
D. PRAISING STUDENTS FOR EACH MISTAKE SO AS TO ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION
E. PRIMARILY IGNORING ERRORS AND COMPLIMENTING STUDENTS ON CORRECT ANSWERS
ONLY
F. RATHER THAN AVOIDING THEM AT ALL COSTS
G. RESEARCHERS SUGGESTED THAT THE CONTEXT FOR LEARNING MAY BE
IMPORTANT
H. THE FEAR OF FAILURE IS DIRECTLY LINKED TO SELF-WORTH
I. THEY SET A POOR EXAMPLE FOR THEIR CHILDREN
J. THEY THINK THAT MAKING MISTAKES IS SOMETHING TERRIBLE

For questions 1-15 read the texts below and think of one word which best fits each gap.

JOHN LENNON’S CHILDHOOD HOME

Some of the best-loved songs of our time (0) _____were____ dreamt up in one small room. John Lennon’s
bedroom was his escape route, the place ___(1)___ he would sit ___(2)___ hours drawing, writing lyrics
and dreaming. His mother Julia adored him, but felt she was not able to offer him the steady life he needed
and gave him up ___(3)___ the age of five to ___(4)___ raised by her sister Mimi. John’s aunt was loyal
and loving; however, these were ___(5)___ 1950s and she was also very strict. She must ___(6)___ felt
suffocated sometimes.

The modest house where John Lennon was brought ___(7)___ by Mimi and her husband George was
called Mendips, and it has recently become a museum. It was given to an organization called The National
Trust by Lennon’s widow Yoko Ono, ___(8)___ stepped in because of rumours that the house ___(9)___
going to be turned ___(10)___ a honeymoon hotel. ‘John was hugely famous,’ says his cousin Mike
Cadwallader. ‘Otherwise, ___(11)___ would be interested in a house like this.’ It is not history rooted in the
distant past, it is the story of life in an ordinary family 50 years ago. Every weekend ___(12) ___ would be a
family gathering ___(13)___ some sort. John’s friends would come round to visit him. ‘Sometimes there
were ___(14)___ many of us that there wasn’t room for everyone round the table and we ___(15)___ to
take turns to eat,’ Cadwallader recalls.

BEACH HOUSE

With five children aged from 16 to 5, Kate Barton doesn’t have too (0)___ much___ time on her hands –
and ___(1)___ she does, she doesn’t like to waste it. When she bought a beach house two years ago,
___(2)___ entire transaction took her less than seven days, and the transformation of ___(3)___ had been
a hut into a bright and cheerful seaside retreat was completed in ___(4)___ matter of weeks. ‘I wanted a
family escape for the school holidays ___(5)___ all the children to enjoy an outdoor life.’

A far cry from the traditional beach chalet, this intriguing house consists ___(6)___ two old railway
carriages, ___(7)___ have five small bedrooms. In the 1930s, a number of carriages had been brought
down to the beach and given a new life ___(8)___ holiday homes. When Kate and her husband bought the
house, it was decorated from top to toe ___(9)___ a depressing colour; so first of ___(10)___ they painted
the walls white to create a light bright background.

‘I had a picture in my mind of ___(11)___ I wanted the house to look,’ said Kate. ‘But my main priority was
that we would be able to live in it ___(12) ___ any worries, so I only chose materials that would be able to
stand up to the rough seaside weather. And it had to be somewhere we ___(13)___ feel on holiday.’ Given
the unconventional nature of this seaside home, Kate ___(14)___ indeed created a comfortable, homely
escape for her large family.

You are going to read an article about people who have difficulty counting. Six sentences have been
removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap. There is one
extra letter which you do not need to use. (0) is the example.

PEOPLE WHO CAN'T COUNT

A recent study has discovered that dyscalculia, the mathematical equivalent of dyslexia, affects about 5% of
children in Britain. An expert on the subject, Professor Maria Singleton, claims that the government should
recognise dyscalculia, inform parents and teachers and provide support for those suffering from it.
Unfortunately, there is no simple way of diagnosing dyscalculia and kids with this learning disability are
usually labelled unintelligent.

___1___. Unlike most people, dyscalculics cannot recognise three or four objects unless they count them
one by one. The majority of us, if shown three or four similar things, can immediately recognise them.
People with dyscalculia have to go through the routine of counting even a small number of objects. For
example, they need to count the three books on the table before they can say how many there are.

Dyscalculics have huge problems using numbers at all. They cannot understand, for instance, why two and
three makes five. ___2___. Laboratory experiments have shown that animals such as monkeys and rats
have developed a specific region of their brain to deal with numbers and related concepts. It's possible that
dyscalculics, though intelligent, have not developed the part of the brain responsible for processing
numbers.

Dyscalculics have difficulty with the abstract concept of time. ___3___. If your best friend is always late, he
or she might be suffering from dyscalculia. Dyscalculics cannot keep track of time. They never know how
much time they have spent getting ready and how long it will take them to get to work.
You cannot rely on a dyscalculic to give you directions about how to get to the nearest train station. Inability
to read maps and orientate themselves is common among dyscalculics. They may take a left turning
instead of a right and end up miles away from their intended destination. __4___.

Research has shown that they behave oddly in social situations like going shopping or having dinner at a
restaurant. They never know how much they should tip the waiter or how much money they have got left
after a shopping trip. ___5___ . This poor ability in arithmetic can explain why they never know how much
change they are due or what kind of budget they need for their summer holidays. Dyscalculia can also
affect areas like sports or music. Dyscalculics cannot coordinate the movements of their body or remember
the rules of games. They would find it impossible to recall the complicated step sequences of a dance and
would rarely choose to do aerobics or play an instrument in their free time.

___6___. People suffering from dyscalculia can become painters, sculptors or poets. Dyscalculia does not
seem to prevent or delay language acquisition. Dyscalculic children acquire language at the same time as,
if not earlier than, most children and have no problem learning to read and write. Dyscalculia is a learning
disability like dyslexia, not a general indication of intelligence.

A – Another problem is not being able to tell, just by looking at two groups of objects, which group contains
more objects than the other.
B – On top of getting lost, they often misplace things and may spend endless hours looking for their car
keys or passport.
C – These stories are extremely upsetting for parents and children alike.
D – What exactly is this learning disability in arithmetic?
E – Dealing with cash, taking money from a cashpoint or using travellers' cheques can cause anxiety and
fear.
F – This can account for their difficulty in reading schedules and remembering the order in which things
happened in the past.
G – On the other hand, dyscalculics are very good at creative arts.

KEY
LOST IN PARADISE
1 E- bathroom ´- I had a much needed shower and unpacked – After getting dressed…
2 D Anika – she should show me round the town – it would still be light – We finished…
3 G Anika pointed out – tried to take it all in but my tiredness –go back to the house and have an early
night
4 B time for her to go to work- this meant…and the sun was beginning to set-while there was still some
light
5 C no idea where I was – the more lost
6 A ask the tourist police-at least I knew her name-the police laughed when I told them that

SLOW FOOD: CAN YOU EAT WELL AND SAVE THE WORLD? 1A 2C 3C 4B 5B 6C 7B

LIFE AS A FILM EXTRA: HOLLYWOOD’S LEAST POWERFUL PEOPLE

1C we still can’t get past that one mistake – that’s...
2A their artistry begins and ends...even see the script – all this
3E a lawyer, a banker and a music producer – they
4B cut-outs made or cardboard – these
5D it used to be a question of… - the whole casting process
6G have agents – this was the best way to get block bookings

TO BE OR NOT TO BE A STAR?
0D head for = go towards
1A collocation- dreams come true
2B phrase= it goes without saying (needless to say, there is no need to say)
3B collocation – a big break
4C phrase – the odds are against you
5A audition = a test to get a role in a play or film-star
6D get over = phrasal verb = to return to your usual state after an unpleasant experience, overcome sth
7A get down = phrasal verb = get sb down = to cause somebody to feel unhappy and negative
8B make it = become successful or famous

A REVIEW OF A COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES

0A 3D 6A
1C 4D theme (what the story is about) 7A find out = discover
2C make up your mind = make a decision 5B 8B

MORE THAN JUST A PRETTY FACE

0 in 2 what 4 for 6 most 8 for
1 If 3 who/that 5 there 7 one (each other) 9 may/might/could

A GOOD SHOW REALLY?

1 up 3 how 5 give 7 out (leave out = omit)
2 find/work 4 with 6 have 8 what
9 whether (if isn’t possible – after a preposition we have to use whether, not if. E.g.:
There are doubts about whether some vaccines are safe. NOT about if some vaccines are safe
They were interested in whether the house was for sale. NOT in if the house was for sale

THE INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE 8B 9C 10 B 11 C 12 B 13 A 14 A

FILMS IN SCHOOLS ARE INSPIRING CHILDREN WITH THE JOY OF LEARNING

1. Despite 2. which 3. set 4. over / approximately / about 5. according 6. make 7. like 8. doing

FIT FOR SPORTS

[Link] [Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link] [Link]
[Link] / THAT [Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]

BETTER HEARING THROUGH BLUETOOTH 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.D

SNORING
1. WHY 5. THEMSELVES 9. OF
2. DO 6. TO 10. BE / GET
3. THAT / WHO 7. AS / BEING 11. AT
4. ONLY / JUST / MERELY 8. FROM [Link]/WHILST/ WHEN

WHAT IS SUCCESS 0.A 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A

WHY WE SHOULD EMBRACE MISTAKES IN SCHOOL 0.C 1.B 2.F 3.E 4.H 5.G 6.A

JOHN LENNON
1 WHERE 5 THE 9 WAS 13 OF
2 FOR 6 HAVE 10 INTO 14 SO
3 AT 7 UP 11 NOBODY 15 HAD
4 BE 8 WHO (that isn’t possible) 12 THERE

BEACH HOUSE
1 WHEN / IF 2 THE 3 WHAT 4A
5 FOR 8 AS 12 WITHOUT
6 OF 9 IN 13
7 WHICH (that isn’t 10 ALL WOULD/COULD/SHOUL
possible) 11 HOW D/MIGHT

PEOPLE WHO CAN'T COUNT 1.D 2.A 3.F 4.B 5.E 6.G