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Late Effects of Radiation Exposure

The document discusses the late effects of radiation exposure, including the risk of radiation-induced leukemia and various cancers such as thyroid, bone, skin, breast, lung, and liver cancer, along with their associated latent periods. It highlights the impact of radiation on local tissues and the potential risks to life span and fertility, particularly in radiation workers and patients. Additionally, it addresses the effects of radiation during pregnancy, including congenital abnormalities and genetic mutations.

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Angel Mae Manila
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11 views2 pages

Late Effects of Radiation Exposure

The document discusses the late effects of radiation exposure, including the risk of radiation-induced leukemia and various cancers such as thyroid, bone, skin, breast, lung, and liver cancer, along with their associated latent periods. It highlights the impact of radiation on local tissues and the potential risks to life span and fertility, particularly in radiation workers and patients. Additionally, it addresses the effects of radiation during pregnancy, including congenital abnormalities and genetic mutations.

Uploaded by

Angel Mae Manila
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LATE EFFECTS OF • Linear, nonthreshold

• Radiation-induced leukemia is
RADIATION
considered to have a latent period of 4 to
7 years and at risk period of approximately
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES 20 years.
• Studies of large number of people • The at-risk period is that time after
exposed to toxic substance required irradiation during which one might expect
statistical manipulation of data. These the radiation effect to occur
studies are called epidemiologic studies. • Acute leukemia and chronic myelocytic
leukemia were observed most often in the
Local Tissue Effects: atomic bomb survivor
a. Skin (Callused, discoloured and • Atomic bomb survivors
weathered appearance to the skin) • Radiologist
b. Chromosomes • Ankylosing spondylitis patient
c. Cataracts (threshold, nonlinear) • Watch-dial painters
• Children receiving superficial x-ray
Life Span Shortening Risks of a treatment
Radiographers
• Humans can expect a reduced life span 2. Cancer
of 10days for every rad. a. Thyroid cancer
• Risk of life span shortening as a - has developed in three groups of
consequence of occupation, disease or patients whose thyroid glands were
various other conditions: irradiated in childhood.

b. Bone cancer
- Two population groups have contribute
an enormous amount of data showing that
radiation causes bone cancer:

1. Radium watch-dial painters


•Tritium (3H) and promenthium (147Pm)

2. Patients treated with radium salts


•Arthritis to tuberculosis

c. Skin cancer
• Radiodermatitis
• Latent period is approximately 5 to 10
Radiation-Induced Malignancy years
a. Leukemia
b. Cancer d. Breast cancer
• Radiation induced breast cancer
developed in patients treated with x-rays
for acute postpartum mastitis.

e. Lung cancer
1. Leukemia
• The dusty mine environment was The effects of radiation in utero
considered to be the cause of lung cancer includes:
• Uranium miners have been observed a. Prenatal death
and they have received estimated doses b. Neonatal death
to lung tissue as high as 3000rad c. Congenital abnormalities
d. Malignancy induction
f. Liver cancer e. General impairment of growth
• Thorium dioxide (ThO2) in a colloidal f. Genetic effects
suspension known as Thorotrast was g. Mental retardation
widely used in diagnostic radiology
between 1925 and 1945 as a contrast
agent for angiography

• After intravascular injection, thorium


dioxide particles are deposited in
phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial
system and are concentrated in the liver
and spleen

Radiation and Pregnancy


a. Before pregnancy→ the concern is
interrupted fertility Genetic effects
• It can be said with certainty that
b. During pregnancy → the concern is radiation-induced genetic mutations after
directed to the possible congenital the levels of exposure experienced in
effects in newborns diagnostic imaging are essentially zero.

c. Postpregnancy → the concerns


are related to the suspected genetic
effects

Effects on fertility
• Even when radiation is delivered at the
rate of 100 rad per year, there is no
noticeable depression in fertility

Irradiation in Utero
• Concerns the ff two types of exposures:
a. Exposure of the radiation worker
b. Exposure of the patient

• First trimester of pregnancy as the most


sensitive period

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