BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
Date: 11/11/2021
Subject: Biology
Topic : Human Reproduction Class: Standard XII
1. Primary oocyte is formed by which type of cell division?
A. Meiosis - I
B. Meiosis - II
C. Mitotis
D. Amitosis
Oogonia
↓ Mitosis → Fetal life
Primary oocyte
↓ Meiosis I → Before ovulation
Secondary oocyte
↓ Meiosis II → After Fertilisation
Ovum
Hence, primary oocyte is formed by mitosis.
2. Menstrual flow occurs due to lack of:
A. LH
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. FSH
During the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle, the production of LH
reduces. This causes the degeneration of the corpus luteum and hence
production of progesterone is reduced which leads to the breakdown of the
endometrium of the uterus.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
3. Ejaculation of a human male contains 200 - 300 million sperms, of which for
normal fertility ______ % sperms should have normal shape and _______
% must show vigorous motility.
A. 40, 60
B. 70, 30
C. 60, 40
D. 30, 70
60% of the sperms must have a functional normal shape and 40% of them
must have vigorous motility to reach the ampulla of the fallopian tubes of a
female reproductive tract.
4. Androgen binding protein (ABP) is secreted by which cells?
A. Sertoli cells
B. Leydig cells
C. Sperm
D. Follicular cell
Androgen binding proteins (ABP) are glycoproteins produced by the sertoli
cells in the seminiferous tubules. These proteins specifically bind to the
testosterone and other androgens increasing its concentration inside the
testes. This accumulation stimulates spermatogenesis.
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BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
5. Spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa by which process?
A. Spermiogenesis
B. Spermiation
C. Spermatocytosis
D. Spermatogenesis
Spermatogonia
↓ Spermatocytogenesis ⎫
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
Spermatid ⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
↓ Spermiogenesis Spermatogenesis
⎬
Spermatozoa ⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
↓ Spermiation ⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎭
⎪
Release
Hence, the spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (sperms) by the
process called spermiogenesis.
6. Which of the following does not exhibit internal fertilization?
A. Frog
B. Lizard
C. Cow
D. Crow
Fishes and amphibians exhibit external fertilization wherein fertilization
occurs outside the body of the organism in the external medium. Frog being
an amphibian, exhibits external fertilization.
Reptiles, birds and mammals exhibit internal fertilization wherein fertilization
occurs inside the body of the organism. The lizard being a reptile, the cow
being a mammal and the crow being a bird show internal fertilization.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
7. Extra embryonic membranes of embryo are derived from
A. follicle cells
B. inner cell mass
C. formative cell
D. trophoblast
Blastomeres in blastocyst are arranged into
1. an outer layer of cells called trophoblast
2. an inner group of cells attached to the trophoblast called the inner cell
mass.
The trophoblast attaches to the endometrium and gives rise to the extra
embryonic membranes of chorionic sac, amniotic sac, allantois and yolk
sac.
The inner cell mass develops into an embryo.
8. The hormone that induces ovulation is produced by__________.
A. hypothalamus
B. adenohypophysis
C. ovary
D. neurohypophysis
The hormone that induces ovulation is LH. Rapid secretion of LH is
observed on the 14th day of the 28-day menstrual cycle.
LH surge causes the rupture of Graafian follicle and release of secondary
oocyte.
LH is produced by the adenohypophysis, the anterior pituitary gland.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
9. Select the correct option with respect to the hormone and its site of
production.
A. Progesterone - Graafian follicle
B. Human placental lactogen - Corpus luteum
C. Follicle stimulating hormone - Hypothalamus
D. Human chorionic gonadotropin - Placenta
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone secreted by the
placenta.
Presence of hCG in the urine confirms pregnancy.
Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum which is formed from the
ruptured Graafian follicle after ovulation.
Human placental lactogen is secreted by the placenta.
Follicle stimulating hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
10. Identify A, B, C and D in the given diagram.
A. A-Urinary bladder, B-Bulbourethral gland, C-Prostate gland, D-
Seminal vesicles
B. A-Urinary bladder, B-Seminal vesicles, C-Prostate gland, D-
Bulbourethral gland
C. A- Prostate gland, B- Seminal vesicles, C- Urinary bladder, D-
Bulbourethral gland
A- Bulbourethral gland, B- Urinary bladder, C- Seminal vesicles,
D.
D- Prostate gland
Male reproductive system is made up of a pair of testis, scrotum, vasa
efferentia, a pair of epididymis, a pair of vasa deferentia, a pair of seminal
vesicles, a pair of ejaculatory ducts, urethra, prostate gland, a pair of
Cowper’s gland and penis. Diagrammatic view of male reproductive
system is shown below. The correction option is: A-Urinary bladder, B-
Seminal vesicles, C-Prostate gland, D- Bulbourethral gland.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
11. Hormones secreted by the corpus luteum are:
A. hCG, hPL, Progesterone, Prolactin
B. hCG, hPL, Estrogen, Relaxin, Inhibin
C. Progesterone, Estrogen, Relaxin, Inhibin
D. LH, Progesterone, Estrogen, Gluco-corticoids
After ovulation, the ruptured follicle is converted to a structure called corpus
luteum. The primary hormone produced from the corpus luteum is
progesterone, but it also produces inhibin A, estrogen and relaxin.
Progesterone supports the pregnancy. Progesterone also acts on the
mammary glands and stimulates the formation of alveoli (sac-like structures
which store milk) and milk secretion.
Inhibin A prevents the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone.
Estrogen causes changes in the uterus to make it more suitable for
implantation of the fertilized ovum and embryo nourishment.
Relaxin is known for cervical softening, loosening the pelvic girdle as
preparation for pregnancy.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
12. The image given below depicts a diagrammatic sectional view of the female
reproductive system of humans. Which set of I-V have been correctly
identified?
A. I - Zygote, II - Ovum, III - Morula, IV - Blastocyst, V -
Implantation of blastocyst
B. I - Ovum, II - Morula, III - Zygote, IV - Blastocyst, V -
Implantation of blastocyst
C. I - Ovum, II - Zygote, III - Morula, IV - Blastocyst, V- Implantation
of blastocyst
I - Ovum, II - Zygote, III - Blastocyst, IV - Morula, V -
D.
Implantation of blastocyst
The secondary oocyte (ovum) (I) is released from the ovary and gets
fertilised if simultaneously sperm also reaches the fallopian tube and forms
zygote (II).
The zygote further divides by mitosis and forms 2, 4, 8, 16 daughter cells
called blastomeres. The embryo with 8-16 blastomeres is called morula (III).
Morula further divides and transforms into blastocyst (IV) and then the
blastocyst gets implanted in the uterus (V).
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
13. Identify A, B and C in the given human sperm diagram.
A. A-Acrosome, B-Plasma membrane, C-Mitochondria
B. A-Plasma membrane, B-Acrosome, C-Mitochondria
C. A- Plasma membrane, B-Mitochondria, C-Acrosome
D. A-Mitochondria, B-Plasma membrane, C-Acrosome
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
Structure of a sperm (spermatozoa): It consists of four parts i.e., Head,
Neck, Middle piece and tail, enveloped by a plasma membrane.
Head- It is the enlarged end of a sperm, containing the large haploid
nucleus, i.e., condensed chromatin body and is capped by acrosome.
The acrosome contains hydrolytic enzymes that help in dissolving
membranes of the ovum for fertilization.
Neck- It contains proximal centriole which is necessary for the first
cleavage division of zygote and the distal centriole that is connected to
the tail filament.
Middle piece- It contains a number of mitochondria that provide energy
for the movement of the tail that facilitate sperm motility essential or
fertilization.
Tail- It consists of axial filaments surrounded by the plasma
membrane. It helps the sperms to swim in a fluid medium.
Hence, correct option is: A-Plasma membrane, B-Acrosome, C-
Mitochondria.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
14. Identify A, B, C and D in the schematic representation of oogenesis.
A. A-Mitosis and differentiation, B-Meiosis I and II, C-Second polar
body, D-First polar body
B. A-Mitosis, B-Meiosis II, C-Ovum, D-First Polar Body
C. A-Mitosis and differentiation, B-Meiosis I, C-First polar body, D-
second polar body
A-Meiosis I, B-Meiosis II, C- First polar body, D- Second polar
D.
body
Oogenesis (process of formation of mature female gamete) is initiated at
embryonic stage to form oogonia. Oogonia undergoes mitosis and
differentiation. These cells undergo prophase-I of meiosis-I and get arrested
at this stage to form primary oocytes. The primary oocyte within the tertiary
follicle grows in size and completes its first meiotic division. It is an unequal
division resulting in the formation of a large haploid secondary oocyte and a
tiny first polar body. Secondary oocyte completes meiosis to give ovum and
secondary polar body.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
15. Label the following layers around ovum properly.
A. A - Zona Pellucida; B - Corona Radiata; C - Perivitelline Space
B. A - Corona Radiata; B - Zona Pellucida;
C - Perivitelline Space
C. A - Corona Radiata; B - Perivitelline Space; C - Zona Pellucida
D. A - Perivitelline Space; B - Zona Pellucida; C - Corona Radiata
The corona radiata surrounds an egg and consists of two or three layers of
cells from the follicle. They are attached to the zona pellucida – the outer
protective layer of the egg.
The perivitelline space is the space between the zona pellucida and the cell
membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum.
16. Which of the following cells synthesize androgens?
A. Leydig cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. Zona glomerulosa
D. Myometrium
Leydig cells / Interstitial cells found in the interstitial spaces outside the
seminiferous tubules secrete androgens. Leutinising hormones (LH)
secreted by pituitary acts on the Leydig cells and stimulates the production
of androgens which in turn stimulate spermatogenesis.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
17. Choose the correct option with respect to the assertion and reason given.
Assertion (A): Not all copulations lead to fertilisation and pregnancy in
human beings.
Reason (R): Fertilisation can only occur if the ovum and sperms are
transported simultaneously to the ampullary region of the fallopian tube.
A. [A] is true and [R] is false.
B. [A] is false and [R] is true .
C. Both [A] and [R] are true and [R] is a correct explanation to [A].
Both [A] and [R] are true but [R] is not a correct explanation to
D.
[A].
The site of fertilisation in human beings is the ampullary region of the
fallopian tube. Therefore for fertilisation to take place sperm and ovum have
to be transported simultaneously to the ampullary region.
During copulation sperms are transferred into the vagina. From vagina, they
reach the ampulla of the fallopian tube passing through the cervix and
uterus.
But only one secondary oocyte (ovum) is released during each menstrual
cycle (reproductive cycle) which is usually a 28-day cycle.
The secondary oocyte (ovum) is released from the ovary due to the rupture
of the Graafian follicle. The secondary oocyte is collected by the fimbriae of
the fallopian tube and transported into the ampullary region. Fertilisation and
pregnancy is possible if sperm comes in contact with the secondary oocyte
during that period.
Hence not all copulations lead to fertilisation and pregnancy.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
18. Study the image related to spermatogenesis and name the hormones
involved at each stage of the following flow chart.
A. 1 - GnRH, 2 - LH, 3 - FSH
B. 1 - GnRH, 2 - LH, 3 - Testosterone
C. 1 - LH, 2 - FSH, 3 - GnRH
D. 1 - FSH, 2 - LH, 3 - GnRH
Spermatogenesis is the process of production of sperms and it is under the
control of hormones.
Hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin releasing hormone or GnRH at the
time of puberty in males.
GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce two gonadotropins,
luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
LH or luteinising hormone is also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
(ICSH). It stimulates Leydig cells of testes to produce testosterone and
other androgens.
Testosterone supports the process of spermatogenesis. Hence option b is
correct.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
FSH or follicle stimulating hormone acts on Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells
produce ABP and inhibin. ABP is an androgen binding protein which binds
to testosterone and maintains high levels of androgens essential for
spermatogenesis. Inhibin suppresses FSH synthesis.
FSH acts directly on spermatogonia to stimulate sperm production.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
19. Read the graph and correlate the uterine events that takes place according
to the hormonal levels on:
A. 6-15 days
B. 16-25 days
C. 26-28 days (if the ovum is not fertilized)
A-Degeneration of endometrium, B-Myometrium thickens,
A. becomes vascularized ready to receive and implant embryo, C-
Regeneration of endometrium
A-Degeneration of endometrium, B-Endometrium thickens,
B. becomes vascularized, ready to receive and implant embryo, C-
Regeneration of endometrium
A-Degeneration of endometrium, B- Endometrium thickness,
C. becomes vascularized, ready to receive and implant embryo, C-
Regeneration of endometrium
A-Regeneration of endometrium, B- Endometrium thickens,
D.
becomes vascularized ready to receive and implant embryo, C-
Degeneration of endometrium
Menstrual cycle (ovarian cycle): It is a series of cyclic changes that occur in
the reproductive tract of human females and other primates with a
periodicity of 28 days, right from menarche to menopause. It is
characterized by menses or loss of blood for a few days. The given chart
depicts menstrual cycle. Here,
A (6-15 days) - Regeneration of endometrium occurs.
B (16-25 days) - Endometrium thickens, becomes vascularized ready
to receive and implant embryo.
C (26-28 days if the ovum is not fertilized) - Endometrium will
degenerate.
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Human Reproduction
BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I
(CBSE Grade 12)
20. Refer to hormonal levels in menstrual cycle and select the incorrect option
accordingly.
A. B - Hormone responsible for uterine changes
B. D - Hormone responsible for ovulation
C. A - Cessation of secretion can lead to Osteoporosis
D. C - Secreted by Corpus luteum
The various hormones which regulate the menstrual cycle :
A - Oestrogen - There is a direct relationship between the lack
of estrogen after menopause and the development of osteoporosis.
B - Progesterone - helps thicken the lining of the uterus to prepare for a
fertilized egg. If there is no fertilized egg, progesterone levels drop
and menstruation begins.
C - FSH - Secreted by anterior pituitary gland not by Corpus luteum. Corpus
luteum secretes Progesterone.
D - LH - an acute rise of LH triggers ovulation and development of the
corpus luteum.
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