The Renaissance

(Chapter 15 Sections 1 and 2)

What Is The Renaissance?

● This came after the ___________ ______ and the Plague
○ With the population ______________ from the plague there was more food than
ever before
○ This allowed people to have more time and money to focus on other things,
besides just basic food production
○ This will lead to a search for new ________, and to the __________________
● Renaissance means _________
● It was a renewed interest in: art, literature, science, and _____________
● These ideas had been a focal point of ______________ Greece and Rome, but had
been ______ during the Middle Ages

City-States
1. How did city states lead to the Renaissance?

2. What were each of the following city-states known for?

● Florence:

● Milan:

● Venice:

● Rome:

Humanism
1. Where did humanist ideas originate?

2. How did ideas of humanism differ from popular ideas of the Middle Ages?

3. What did humanists think were important topics for people to know about?

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 Writing: Castiglione
1. How did the writing of the Renaissance differ from that of the Middle Ages?

2. Name 5 things a Courtier should do/ be able to do:

3. Name 5 things a Waiting Gentlewoman should do/ be able to do:

4. Compare the requirements for a Courtier (men) and a Waiting Gentlewoman. What
stands out to you about this? Do you think these are fair and reasonable requirements?

Science of the Renaissance

1. What subjects did people begin studying during the Renaissance?

2. Explain the geocentric and heliocentric theories. Why did the church disagree with the
heliocentric theory?

Art: Leonardo da Vinci

1. In what areas was da Vinci skilled?

2. What do people like about the Mona Lisa?

3. What event is shown in The Last Supper?

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 Art: Michelangelo Buonarroti
1. What was a focus point for Renaissance sculptors?

2. What are Michelangelo’s most famous works?

3. Why do people praise Michelangelo’s work on the Pieta?

4. Describe his work on the Sistine Chapel.

Art: Raphael
1. Which Pope (name) is shown in a Raphael painting? Describe what that Pope was like.

2. What is depicted (shown) in The School of Athens?

Writing: William Shakespeare

1. What made Shakespeare’s writings and plays so popular?

Inventions of the Renaissance

1. Who invented the printing press? When was it invented?

2. What did the printing press do?

3. How did the printing press lead to more people being able to read?

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 The Reformation
Vocabulary
● Monk: A man who dedicates his life to ____________ _____ (often living in
poverty and with strict obedience to the rules of the religion)
● Protestant Reformation: A movement to _________ (change/ fix) abuses within
the _____________ Church
● Purgatory: A place of ______________ where the souls of sinners go to amend
for their sins before going to heaven
● Indulgences: ____________ issued by the pope of the Roman Catholic Church.
They were said to reduce your time in ____________
● Relic: An object of _____________ that survived from an earlier time
● Worldliness: Being concerned with ____________ things and things on earth
rather than with spiritual issues
● Clergy: Church leaders
● Excommunicated: to be _______________ from the church

The Church
● Remember: the church __________ all of Europe and priests were highly
respected
● The Renaissance opened people up to new ideas and ways of ____________,
they read more and were better educated than they had been in the past
● People began to question the church’s teachings, thinking it had ____________
from its spiritual roots

Issues with the Church

● Church had expanded its influence, wealth, and worldliness
● As the church grew, so did:
○ ______________ corruption
○ Abuse of _________
○ _______________
○ High ________
● People began to lose respect for church leaders
● Sale of indulgences:
○ What they were: a ___________ a person could buy from the pope to
reduce their time in purgatory (Catholics believe after you die you go to
purgatory to work off sins you have committed)
○ This was one of the most ____________ of church practices

Martin Luther
● He was a German ________
● He is credited with the official start of the Protestant Reformation in _______
● Luther wrote 95 ____________ or issues he saw within the church, this included:
○ Selling of indulgences

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 ○ Criticizing the power and ___________ of the church
○ He also expressed that:
■ Jesus (not the ________) is the head of the church
■ That faith (not _______ ________) is the way into heaven
● Luther wrote these in Latin and nailed them to the church door
○ They were meant for church leaders and __________ was used by church
leaders, but was not common among “regular” people
○ The church door acted as a form of a community ___________ board at
this time
● Luther also translated the bible into ____________ so regular people could read
it. He believed individuals should read and interpret scripture themselves as true
Christian practices should come only from the _________

Spread of Luther’s Message

● The _____________ ________ made it so copies of Luther’s message were
spread across Europe
○ It was read by: intellectuals, clergy members, and laypeople (regular
people)
● Luther also continued to share his message through ______________
● Many people agreed with Luther’s ideas and the desire for church reform grew

Consequences for Luther

● In 1520 Luther was ___________________ from the church
○ Do you think he cared?

● In 1521 he was called to appear before the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, and
the German assembly in the city of __________
○ They tried to get him to change his opinions and Luther refused
○ Charles V handed down the __________ of Worms condemning his
writings and saying that Luther was an __________

Lutheranism
● Despite the setbacks he faced, Luther’s ideas were accepted by many people
and spread
● By 1530, _________________ was a new branch of Christianity
● Charles V tried to stop the Lutheran movement in Germany, but people
protested, which is where we get the word “Protestant”

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 Protestant Reformation Stations
Directions: You will work through a variety of stations to try to understand the Protestant
Reformation. You will start with the vocabulary matching activity below. You will then go through
the stations in any order you want, but will end with the Reformation Summary.

Vocabulary
Match the words to the correct definitions. To start; use any prior knowledge you have. Then,
look in your notes from yesterday. Lastly, use the internet to help you decipher which is which.
You will want to make sure you have these correct before moving on as the words defined
below will come up throughout the stations today.

1. _________________: A paper one could buy that promised forgiveness of sin and
reduced time in purgatory

2. _________________: A place between heaven and hell that one could go to after they
died. They would make up for their sins there before continuing to heaven.

3. _________________: Beliefs or opinions that go against the church’s teachings

4. _________________: A term describing the different leaders of the church

5. _________________: To be kicked out of the church

6. _________________: To make it so a person is not protected by the law

7. _________________: One of a number of branches of the Christian church

8. _________________: Modern day Germany, a collection of states together under the

emperor

9. _________________: The head of the Catholic Church

10. _________________: A person who has devoted their life to religious study

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 Martin Luther Video
Watch the video that is pulled up at the station. The video provides a very brief overview of
Martin Luther’s life. As you watch the video, answer the questions below. Hint: pause the video
often to fill in answers.

1. What is significant about Latin?

2. What do many people at this time worry about and fear?

3. What does Martin Luther declare when he is caught in the storm?

4. Is Martin Luther good at being a monk? Explain.

5. What does Martin Luther realize while studying the book of Romans in Wittenberg?

6. How does Martin Luther share his ideas?

7. How do the 95 Theses spread?

8. Why does Martin Luther get called by the emperor?

9. Does Martin Luther take back what he said in his writings? What is the result of this?

10. What does Martin do while he hides in the castle?

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 Power of the Holy Roman Empire
At the station, read about the power distribution in the Holy Roman Empire. Use that and the
map at the station to help you answer the questions below.

1. What was Frederick the Wise’s family (last) name?

2. Who was the Holy Roman Emperor at this time? What color on the map represents the
land ruled by his family?

3. Could the Holy Roman Emperor rule however he wanted in Saxony? Yes or no and
EXPLAIN your answer.

4. What was the connection between the church and political authority?

Indulgences
One of the main issues Luther had with the church was the sale of Indulgences. Read about
indulgences and answer the questions that follow.

1. What is an indulgence?

2. What is purgatory?

3. Why did Pope Leo X sell indulgences?

4. What was Martin Luther’s problem with indulgences?

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 Power of the Catholic Church
Martin Luther was a monk in the Catholic Church. This meant he had agreed to devote his life to
religious study and worshiping God. It also put him as one part of the large leadership structure
that existed within the church.

At the station, do your best to arrange the pieces of paper so they are organized. You will need
to match the descriptor of the church leader with the person who held that title when Luther
started the Reformation. You will also need to organize the positions from most to least power
within the church. To check your answer, flip the pieces over. You should have successfully
matched up the numbers and ordered them from 1 to 5 (1 being the most powerful).

1. List the order of power in the Catholic Church (starting with who has the most power.
Ending with who has the least).

2. Who was the Pope in charge when Luther started the Reformation?

3. Who was the Cardinal put in charge of handling Luther?

4. What prompted the sale of indulgences within the church?

5. What was the name of Luther’s order?

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 Reformation Summary
Please complete this AFTER doing all other stations. Using your knowledge of the Reformation
from all of the other stations (including the vocabulary) fill in the blanks in the passage below.

Martin Luther was a _________. He spent his life trying to understand the ________ and what
God wanted from his people. Martin believed that God loved his people and would forgive them
of their sins if they had _________ in Him.

Luther lived in the ________________________. Due to the nature of the Empire, the
______________________ were trusted and given power because the ______ declared it to be
so. In this way, the church and politics were tightly connected. This meant that speaking out
against the ___________ was like speaking out against the ___________ itself.

When ___________________ began selling ________________ Luther was upset.

Indulgences said people could buy their way into heaven, Luther felt faith was the only way to
do that. Luther summarized his disagreements with the church into the ______________. He
then ____________ these to the church door. Although Luther wrote his message in ________,
as it was intended for church leaders, it was translated into ______________ and spread
quickly throughout the empire. This started the ____________________________.

As a consequence for his actions, Luther was ______________________ from the church and
deemed a ___________ for his writings. He was also brought to trial before the emperor where
he was declared an ___________ and his writings were condemned. Even so, Luther’s ideas
spread. The actions of Luther would eventually ________ the Church leading to the multiple
different _____________________ of Christianity that exist today.

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The Spread of Protestantism
● After Luther’s stand against the church, _______________ ideas spread.
● Other countries split from the Catholic church for their own ____________, and
new versions of Christianity spread from those areas as well.
○ In ___________, the king separated the country from the church in order
to ____________ his wife
○ In ________________, John Calvin spread his ideas about Christian
teachings.

Counter- Reformation
● The Counter-Reformation were early ___________ movements within the
____________ church
○ Even before Martin Luther, some _______________ wanted to change
issues they saw with the church
○ After Luther, the ________- _______________ began and they started to
implement some of these changes
● Council of Trent
○ Called together by the _______
○ Was supposed to redefine the _____________ of the church
○ Addressed the abuses and ____________ within the church
○ They also said that the Catholic Church was the way to _____________,
making a clear statement that they did not believe in or support
________________ ideas

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 Chapter 15 Study Guide
1. How did the rise of city-states affect the Renaissance?

2. What is humanism and what inspired it?

3. For each piece of art, give its title and artist:

4. What did Johannes Guttenberg’s create and how did this invention affect society
in the mid-1400’s?

5. What were the 95 Theses? Why were they written in Latin? What event did they
start?

6. What were the consequences handed down to Luther By Charles V and the Edict
of Worms?

7. What were the two main purposes of the Council of Trent and how did they
further separate the Catholic Church and Protestantism?

8. Be able to read maps

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