Pharmacology and Drug Administration Basics
Pharmacology and Drug Administration Basics
Loca!
Bioavalabiliy
Bioe
oralg
Absorhed in porta! cirevaHon N2 vvri
reahes, lver
(vol•
blrst pass
netábo lr87
pans metabolisn
ooisn |-Drogs T hygh i Mo Sa Ni Lyo
:Sa
Salbotamd Morphe
NHrae)
(0#Absorphon Haroyo -Hydrocorhsone
k (St pars metabolis
une the inportant letermincunt
ok biooyalcbi iy
(00'} bioavailabilt
ISE pays metbobolism
Bi0availabiliy
Areg0 de cU ve bat roue po-
Bio equivalence
6argeenee in bioavai la blib % too prepaaion is leas fheo
20 9 [Link] valenee
Distribuboo
deteumined by hypoheteat paiameter vo (ume os
distri buhon le
(volrok alistt
Va = Amount o drg aiven ([Link]
butony
pleoria concentrattor(ng)
V?
Jcahe
Concen trattoo (00
(o0 mglst
epends
Apading dose de
(0o 15 o 'Qstriburion
Vot
ose lepends 60
Maintenane, d
=SL
Dia
conc So/
= (0 L
chinee V
>makeo a
drog long hinge\
drg' (or
Droys
n
vaeuloy compautment
beneyted catys
Dral yss cT Potein Ql6ça
gioça So, loo ploatma prote
- Amphetamine
A
HoV- Veuapcmil
poisonigj, opioid
I- Tmipra min e
D Dgitals
-
Dia - Diozepar
Drug
PoiSoni
Phase
- oxl da
Non-
mierosom redu
-tyd
Mierosomal
- prerent in Smah be
Enggme, in luces
here oe th meta bol'an oß drogs
4 dereaje)
@GP RS Ceil Phore
enme nb:bir|
4 Jese anes the metabolisn o
m
du VICks
Ftutona20 re
ISoniq2id
Aute Aoho) abu se
ClmetiQire Chloromphentcaj
ketoconazole yCcause Gjrey
bahy
Sulphoncmile Snd)
Phases oft metabollSm
Phase -L phere
-Oxldaton -gueoreniJattn
redueon +Auetytation
(VSxeretio0
>Major route o exereon kioney
ohieh okthe ootoeg
• Date, os imnatfo0 : fnountof dru
933
oote. hes maki abser)
eliminated
Time isosi 'a)oral
• decuanee (cL)= late
o elminoHon Lynheao
plasma'concentraion"
torgik
oncenfraton
concenfraflon
hah
orrdeu klnefcs
) talb e congtant in irst
foltouw aTs Drgs (zero torT)
# 2eu0 ordey tineteo
-waukauio
-Ateohol kaspin
-hepbyne
-Totboamide
Hok LIe
hne toredvee concentrattonto hat o
plas ma ojgna
I talees 4-5 halk ves t reoch steady store
Skady stale_
Drg administeued at raglax, latencla
plaama concentro,tlon increaning n
Playm on CenttotHon
tablli2e
8fate
phauna codnamics
cohat drug docg to he bo
7
or ula,eephors or dire ch emical
enchion (antacils)
tnzyme inb'bihoo
Prevents
choreol is ghsorption
Dbse lesponve
Cunve (DR)
T) Dose regpone
lesponse
DOse
MU
poteny
Eantacid,
egicot reponse re
reponse
foter amount neelrd to produre
T
heuapeutit Jnlex
Cri LB Au
ype Da
A:
ant
Recepto
Membrane
Nuleus
vltamin AD
Thyroxhe Ty)
Lon chcnoel Tranjmembranp
corHcasteuoids: Sooped
eceptor
- Glutamate -JAC-STAT
-
G1ycne Growth hormone, Tetepror
- GJABA Polain
kingre.
-I4
Tyoe
is 3
-Nicehnic
Ssine LOf-)
rsuin, - Gstt mulatoy
Al
znhtbiory UcAMP
-I simut ate phos Fhollpare C
Nieo
NeUrotrandmitor ; Syele
Acelchollre • Neurorars mittor! Nor adrena
ttofadreroTE)
Pragangtionte Long
ehorte
Post gagiers
Secretions:
c ghort /3mal
Tnrease (t)
Pre gongilon
post
jontonc - Lorg
ysten
NeuroneUrona! (joneho
art PgongWonic
Ach Recepor
2
0MUSearinic
NieoHnie receptor
che -protein coupled
> gand goated thanne! CGpce)
2 Typ
em
Nn Mg GT-Heaut
Nm neuroa
(Neuromusulau) (Ntcotinic
tnt in auoromk
aArenal , ge sphinche,
JAliy
Serela muse medollg Allaugy musles
ire muSles
past
Keceptoes (sympeheh)
Pdteneugta
Blood vesels nT Sn ooh mus le (-e
4 pre,ent in he cause) vanoconstrition
ept vaseu laut Snoofh mosle y
moofh muste CGuses gnoo[h musue contretion
Vsceua
Pre gnapho Teminals,Paupt 4 al Salvauy gbnds
I inhibit Decrect Salhvauy
nookn Serekon neurotranarmite
SeGreson
Teteof
Paysos
aue GPcl
Soluble
Oconstrs
Negstigmf
[Link] esht cross bloo brain barter (coate Soluble)
-Usedin Treatment ok iMijag fhente Girev's
-leveusl o compehive dkesetal
mus cle elanant8
Pyrlostgmine long actiä
Edrophonlum. vsed in th Diognosis o Myasthenig Graus
Thís is Tengtlon test 999 edrop honum
fmprouementin
"92 "Skeleral musue cathuy
ble
Diagnost d. a kyuy
Girous
(ouasympaholyteo
PoHeholgneysfe DrusS
peptic utceu
Sympathornimetie Drg
acfig
Drectly he
-Adrenalie rteleonorease
elthe in
They Qup s oT action
-Nor- adrenali e Ctechol amine,
- Dopamirne the seuprake
-Dobutcmine
Nor a drenaline
- P, B2
butamine
Do at Ja
or anaphyl'aata shot
Alrenalie P Doc
IM -
cureyt
ANen in Caudrac
|34000
Dopamine
Doc er auliogento
jor Shock oth oligorto renad galore
2 agonist
-yontdiene, omehyl doa
Conte inlicote
CNS de)res
bronchodi osto r
|4gonr brontad e
ayhns
Salbutamo, salmelsuol, formereuol >,usel in
Ko drige, Isox Seire Tocolytieg
soteine controtior)
Tnlretg achisg
eMeyohenidote use & in ADHD
alci
Sympafholyfic Drugs
N- blo cey 3ivceveube
Non Selectlvel -0phen
ox benzamine pevent TN e pisiode
in pheohromoytom 4
heochromouytorna. 711 Sympahette
Sypalhe tle ado
Tadrenating
CTthat's hA use blocke)
phentola mine
HTN'ersrS In thees e recton
Ace
Tamsul o stn, Silo
don nhibst 4A
bla ddeu nect
hypotouian
B- blode Clol
• stgeneuafion, : Non-setetives p-btockewy
Timolol, PrupanololL ,Nadol o|
Erallet
Ealsat in typey hyroldsm
Doe
Doc inmgroine
blocleey
fea ls to
brer
PRsleado to broncho
Corbtrion
-So, contrain dicated in
dreone AV þtockDrobete
en eration Selectlve P btocleeu
C
M
A
Betayolol ceteprolo| eSmolo Metoprolo| Nebivolo|
Ptenofol
Enortet
Acebutorol B6oprolo|
Cadiosel ectve
B-bjodcey Usey
Ghiaucoma –Timolo| moleling
Heaut jultoe prevet caudiae
Hem -(ypeutrophic caudiomyopathy)
Throtd stoim
, VHR,tremoriPropcnolo
Labe olol
Aceputalol /
Pn dolo) J
Ciptd Joluble Bblocke
NQdolo}
Thirel geneuson
Aastionaf vanodHakory ejec
(apta) q+ bockey! abelo
Calcium channel blockeu
- Çanvelol
Bekarolol
bio
+Lebetedo
Auto Go t
Anshs am inict NSAS
A
Recep tor
prooson"
bra choconstcio)
to, Prut HS
A ntt hl9 tamtne
OH anAhis ks
ni ntc.
( geneals) 2d
Got-histaminC
Highly Sedatlve: Diomond
Dimen hydrinate, prom efha zro
binaine
Feroena dire eTALC
Molectely selatlue : Pheniramine
Cinarizlne,Meizine -6baine
-Aaeja» tire (Topseat) 9
Mldy aeletva : chior heniramie
- Lora ine
Que contrain ccated Jo
-
cetieire t metbozed atd
d rtveuo, Machlne oeuators
MOst ok
dryg reacton (he
>Advee K
ue produ etcept ce trtzire
Sedaton, Animus cautnic ekied
>
No cNS depreas ant ativthy
No
antimascarinic sie efe
(Ony,mouth,urhasy retnion
co
nstpaHon, blurrel vtion).
Hy antihisda ntoic
•PDA CPatent
u us Ar tetosts) aill
P on€,
PG keep the du ous
Qutertess open/p
hao
Plaei ét Low dose ay pirln antplatejet aeton
oteuvy P
Gb, PG powenbvl vteine Lontraeton
L
carbapros
tPPH
P 9b
jMisop rosfol| boron
0thes .
• Mefenaßa add : ed in Dysmenor hoec
eforolat can be ven v S
Preeuenia! cox -2 nbibitor (
Nimesuli de,
Didojenads
Sel etve coX-2 nbibitor tu
peptidoglyean
Synfhe Pephidloglycan cross Itald'rg
in bibjtor.
Pente
• Gycopephde
• penteilLio
-Vancomycio
-Baeitrocin D pen nieininane sensiive
mpenleiltoG, Penielptn V,
Bactortos fatta -
Min: inhibtor
fmpictltnAlmoxleil;ó
Conc S more
Methfeil|i. lonceilfo oxali
Conc
Vo
V
Meo
McOND
) Aotpsevlomona
Argonsm
Bacderioldel + Baheuogrti
carba þene
m
Jmipenen Meropent.
IMonobuchom i
peptidogycon crots,dinltg
and prevent Peptargyycn
Pentcilto G,V is druh o choice gor- Lepospíro
G-N, V-orcl -aetn
ornycis
-trepto Louws LASJ MAtN
el4 -Yphits
- TefanuS
- MentngocoLeus
-Anthrax
o Pentetlfo s sene tont, penîcillto >us ed in staph aurees
er cept MPSA (mefhici1 in re) is fan t Staph Aurevs)
Jarts h
heuyheer 6eue, myagis, lachycaucdia,
> in the tre atmnt syplts
mosty 9een to
|Cephalospot
ce
st _geneuGHon -lav
ceja nolln, celal exin, Hrom tve
-Avit
Second generaion
: ekastor, ceoriko, ckurorin, - Ghrom e -Sull
Grom +ve -Ta
Thic&
Ihte geneuoHon : cehriagone, celpturing, cettdine, cepabyie,
Ceop ciazone, etjs[Grom -ve acton Gom tve
-Im
Footh geneuttoncejepime, ce ptrome)
Gromve Qtton
Tactast sgainst pseulomonas
Hhgenexahon Piprole,
ceftaroline
en
rale.
Not pseulonsrad
- Auibalam
-
Tazoboem t pipeuaeil'in
MOA
309
guy AL 30, CLL at Sooc
Terayline State
Chlora
mp kentco, - bolh da! tshart
cindamy cín
Oryhemycin State.
Une zo tl
Armiaycps e
Bactel6l la! (Pest autofheu aue baefeuis la Hcy
4u
QoerntQon @naerobey
Cobramiycin, Steptony ig
y: Gentamy cin, Neormyen, Amitocdn,
kaunamycn
neomyen gsfrepmyain) hus it s d
curare
e ebjet Cmasiy
Uses ot AnHbio
steui teatio
Neomyun- Got
Sreprarmnyun
og Aruinogly cas tile
Aavese rug vfn
N -Nephrotoxlelry
neuromswtau bloclea e
O-ootoity
Tetrayuin
Doyedine, ingcclinen
can be used Renal
in fai (ore Doxyytine
Tetta yline Jhat
choteua
L Rieketsia
Adveuse Da
- Discolouraton ok teerh & inhl bift bone Jraan.
Neçhrogente iabetes naipidus
DNS fan club
- photosenwitiby
funconi Synlrome
baby Sinde
Sre ebeet ok
Dogycy dire NABion2e 2
M
Drugs or psevdomem
Dveno nymefron:
Chloromphenico|
Uingoiyun
(Bueteuoiler,
Pnerobic atecon Baerotde, lostridium peutnng, ung ahs
oork best
ora! inkecthon) dl)
w
eg Lung
Anaerobic n best
pindomydn
Anaeroie Fo below Claphrggm Mettoniozole bet
TntetHne,Wue
Pseo domembranous
Adueuse coliS VW
Dg
Unezo
ld
MPSA VRE
Moty
ancomyinretstoudr
Adveuse Dug cQuse fhomoy
peuigheral neoropahy
Erythromycin
| Moero leleAzihromycln, oithrornyein,
Atpleals CMycap las ma, cblarmyde, legionla)
032: masty usel in
Sthyroglte
Dthyroplake redutagy .;Trimeroprin
hbra Pyrinerhanre in hibit
in Dshyd ogole redwetar
Soifhonarnt@e dapsonf
Dihydropieote Synfhetoe
m
solphameftoa 201e f Tonthiopr
Combincotion
Types fote A Nuele ASynhefane inhíhh
JSop honam lde)
Trimehoßtm
alyo a bactertostatlc drugs
(rimehoprtra also Su :
-osel tncombinaton E sulphonarnley
Timethoprim -Salphomethor brete
o(e9,bateniola
(ImpsMx) usel in'
pnemoyshc gexovlc
pneumonia>AT (Tp kproph
yta)
prophytay is oß Toxo plagmox
Adveye
G|ranulo eytopenia, Megal oblont cnem
n dose totl cause Hypeutalekdia
noloePnevmouystic (jeovl s
Plvoro4uin olones to
portun istHo tateuen in
>pralong
9T9nas
com monty, can cavse
Les if
)
Metroni Qozóle
S)
cell
They Qumage to u pateel
ba DNA
Gup TA
G - Gitorlia, audnereita vsginal!S
M
p- Ps
elomembranous coliHs
|Ant-TubeNculum DrúgS
reafstange
k !
>acts test at a
ic PH led-reen bindres?
[a.E{hambuol
phospholiesteu ase
n hbfor e
Sildenaj!
t inntbrt
Optic neuropahy, (Re& green golour bliolnes)
P: caujed by Sidenc|
C3
Streptorny cn CAminoqly
- F bloks
Adveuse dru
30s.& read to
asi de)
protein synthesis
inbibior
on
ry
tspnrofont
T
Doc
TMP- SMX
po bogi
(Teubi nare
Azole)
eg: dlotrimzole |oonaole, ketocona eole, Itraconazole
Vort conaole
• Ampho [Link] B
Jpolene binda| to
pores lo cel membrane
Aldv
Dr o: Nephrotoxieity
Renc tubulau addo c
Anisepeypokalemie'" R
hypomagna
feven,'thilts, Hpo teslon lt relese ok bistermf
Histamntre relea,i
Drug Amphoteie
>Morphie
prevent :(NQ loadia, fluyrosine combinction, or
Gmphoteniin 8 Liposomal amphoteaten
b
Gyiseo yluin
Pyso inducer
atue onty goinst demato phyte
MOA J tsrupt he mierotuboles stroctore. srupts The mitus
doulutam ike
310
[Malauta
7Symptoms of malaula correjponds
with
eyhroytta stoge 9
2eopse ts due to
Duge
•
Heme aceumulatlon
o
Atemes Inso leuvatve +used in chtoro quine
resist ant
hy Seveue malau la 1| Used
CArtemesinio com
banel baaion heuapy
penetraton
uneoathy Am coraine
Nudele
ad
Synthesis Pagmeuort
reeane uiral evese Treettoe inhsy
Po ten synheg
Ate
uromiDie .ansembly 4k'proeesng
inhbib/for
dare Homan
host ceil
pro fecne tnbblor
Potiheuper, drug i TAot viline Aydove h antydosr,fos comct
Pohin uenza drug :
Amantare, Osetta nsvir
Doultiegravlr
:
fuston nbi bitor Enkuvirtide,, Nauavico eite
Aåveuje
Dug
SHovudi ne Donosine > peuipheual neuropafiy
marroe supresslòn Agrnuloytos/s -
eBone
e
pancreaHH3
o Drdanosne, Lomiuuolne
vlrus
Can cUse
|Antheg mtobc
Mebenda ole
If inbibits of prerents pogmeui autian of
B-Fubutin oh toorm
es Ly Now (ea to esputson o
o
Pipeuaz ne GABA
causes
0ses hypeupolauization
ypepoluizahon
Qs pedicutosis, Scabie,
o Praziquantal:.
It aye
înere U)e he Catt;
T Muyle contratlon
dead coor m
eppel
)usel tn Trem atole ces to
(tokes), de (Tope Loorm)
Atben Qorole ls
he Doc kor al nematode exeept
pf
Diefhyyroarbama zine t as on
boh nítrok|are
Vádoltorm
IVermechn acts ony on microjlarq
biirdnes s)
Used In on hoceci ais (Rivey MOA
TU
Ic
'MOA: B-b(ocke
tirchea)MoA :
MOA: Potan slum
chanre bo key
Uas 1V
3 Ca.
honne blokey
Amtodavone
Sotauo| ponedauone
Uans I
vecpcntl
Torgacl
yaus
-> Alenossne
depoin te,.
5B-bohey
ventrteotcy UTochyeculr
AdenoJine
thanne blobey
Dtgoyin inoce vcntricul o
y "hog
A docalne
|Aottbypenlenslve Drg Có = H
3troke vol
cOnveuts o
Argionn
e -4cE
enee)
(Agiorengin Conyety
onves
c
ansiotenstn I fno
AldosteuóNe Sereto)
Agitondin ILreteptor
eintescalatel cens
Pe
Ocela otamleD
Thsazte iurete)
Qlureesl
Acetazolonles
Nop > Carb onk anhydrae
iohbcor.
CausesNa
Nat. Ho, diureis
3
he i al lelanke
urire
e
Glavcoma, AtttUde
sicknes SiyreHcd
Ady
Icauses roxtma sen a
Tubulay
sulgha a aulos (0e 9
lg
y po
kal ema
toll (ea fo caletu m
phos phatesfor
insolob (e In h
becor
furosemi Qe
It in creanes he ca
2t excreH on 0
Thiaztle dlureics
Advese Leacton
gpeipileme
pe 9 yperurieeia
ciloss (
beco
Ade
Qieretice.
y ANQosteucone
receplor antgon
Adv. Drug
Meabol [Link]
Manoitol
ok osmote dhureHes
m
Mechonis
Tseuum o9mojauity
Adve
frotd shit jom nteutHom to nravaaa spacp
9
unne
Ace
geapoprl, enalqpal, lisinopr"
Jhpbit Ace Ca
frgtoteoin T
og (ony )
Teout,
-Añgioelera
Terato
-Tcreatine (So
af2)
typotenston
ay Argno,
ncudhenoore non.
Conra tncatior
-N no ipine Sub
auachno
haemortog e concurent p
Nleordipirne :
HN em apeutaçhic
-bJod Jon dthydropyri
dire TN, angna, Ara!
bbllaton
Adseuye
GPH:
Dihy dropyrelire
1ene peuiphewa edemg
Non dffydro pyrtdire
: judhng,. diezines
can olso (ead to
cau dioo
(ead io
fo conattpakon
le presion, Av blode, Jn Post MI
3 hpeuprolocHinermla
Caosed ewa pcumf ) Prgnansy
hnne
Airate
J: Nitrogyceuine, Isosorble
Iso inirale, Iso sorbse nonontrate
eipine7IRi)MOA: voodilatt on
NO n Vaycutauu gmooth mostes
Diates veh auteies Upreioad'
Advese
lejyer rachtaido) mchhemgglobiremto
-ypotengtor
froshig
-Headache
-
Containdtcattons
Anthypeutensve.
Io angina: Cat chan ne! blockeu, B- bocker
, Hngrotendi ne
rèce ptr boken, Cal chael
blodee
In Pos ME: B-bloke
AVbol,
Tn hyrofo xicoSS(Propano lo|) B byekehd teata
chhemte
n Pgnaneg memyldop9, Cc8, ondrne, B blo iten(eaudto
to cell
vosoila
-Ac6 inh
:0 Heaxt
alure
)A26
Atral brillaHon
NAdosf
Pblot
-yeow uson
- Aurythmiag
yppalenit
-Ghynaccomantta
NGUSe vorsk
ven triolay biemhy
: Ltve do Ctlan
Side efjeat o Are ntaeiro
Vypomgneremio
an tilrgerin Antibo8y
:3evere toriay 1
|Chrorte Conqive
:
i vonolilaforsNitotes, cal chnnel biockexs
it Ac6 inbsbirS
DocA
con be eithee glueo corf Deorycortteos
cdo mnenasocorheot.
Gluco corHeois fluro
bydrocortisone
AQveeue
Inteunedtate 8 pre
dnso|ore, Trta mchojene
Short
Hydrorsore
Jntesmediae
ionfate Pedsisalone,
Trtamcsno lore
Cong ing
Denomehasore B
25
Befamefhasone
Mineualo corticds
DocA
DeorycortteosTeuo e)
fludrocortsone
Coma
Catarac Gcu yTopsecad Steuos
typol
Glema
• Suppresion of HpA ayis Crypotholumus, pltolt ouy, alrert)
mueosa & ulcey ation MOA
dle esset e
etal abnormales
•.Tes sn halr (ArsuHsm)
• gPyycenmia
ie DM prectpitratlen
Srae.
-DM 9 fAbrote)
-TB
-ttepes Simplex keuatts
Adv
typoli pidemio Drgo
ci
:Aforvastaunin Simvastatin
:
MOA
I nbtbis tonvesion HMGO to Mevdonde
ormattn
v.
Ad Dog
R: GI vpgek, Uabsorbtfon ok
at soluble ultam
pcs ka tobibitor
@ LAG
Papicl actrg : ts po, tispaud G|otisire
oral hat2gtycento)
)oultn setreHon
• |9t gen Sulphonyl ureosi Tol hhorp roRmd e
butenie,
Disulguram yan B
ADR
ke oriseo fulhinabs)
ecreig 9 BP,PT, Dygnea, 6 pe
genSulphonyl oreas" Ghlipiele, Gyburdegllcan
I) 1 Juln seltaty
T
bgoanide,9 Megormn
dendrogerto.
• It inbibts oitochonrial 4yceO] 3-phosphale
qluconeeqeresis. a otion o
yoglegonst
A increanes lyooly peipheual luc os
upake(re 1
ins|in Sehuih)
A DR
Late acj osis
- vttamin By2 Qedeny
hta oldretore Progltb, Rosgtlazone
Decre
)
edmg
- Heaut jai(oe
Detayel.
DP P -y nhtbitor
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