Termination and
Electrical Wiring
Circuits
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 2
Table of Contents
1. Termination
1.1 Definition of Termination
1.2 Types of Termination
1.3 Ring-End Termination
1.4 Stub-End Termination
1.5 Lug-End Termination
2. Electrical Wiring Circuits
2.1 Systems Wiring
2.2 Methods of Wiring Lighting Circuits
2.3 Internal Electrical Installation
1/1/2025 Electrical and computer Engineering 3
[Link]
1.1 Definition of Termination:
Termination is the process of connecting lugs or
connectors to wires and preparing wire ends for
connection to electrical equipment terminals.
Heavy copper wires and all multi-core aluminum
wires should be fitted with special lugs.
Pressing and soldering lugs onto wire ends
ensures reliable contact between wires/cables
and electrical equipment terminals.
1/1/2025 Electrical and computer Engineering 4
1.2 Types of Termination:
• There are three main types of termination for
single core copper conductors
[Link]-End Termination
[Link]-End Termination
[Link]-End Termination
1/1/2025 Electrical and computer Engineering 5
I. Ring-End Termination
• A ring-end termination involves attaching a ring
terminal, which is a circular metal component
with a hole in the center, to the end of a wire.
• The ring terminal is then secured to a terminal
or stud using a screw or bolt.
• This type of termination provides a reliable and
durable connection, commonly used for
grounding applications.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 6
• Used for circular connections.
• Common in automotive or heavy machinery
wiring.
• Provides high strength and reliability.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 7
II. Stub-End Termination
• Stub-end termination involves stripping the
insulation from the end of a wire and
connecting it directly to a terminal or connector.
This type of termination is simple and cost-
effective, commonly used in residential wiring
for outlets, switches, and light fixtures.
• Strip 15-25mm of insulation from the wire end,
depending on the terminal size.
• Applied in wires with limited space for
connections and Common in compact
electrical systems.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 8
III. Lug-End Termination
A lug-end termination involves crimping a lug terminal onto the
end of a wire. The lug terminal typically has a hole or stud for
connection to a terminal block, circuit breaker, or busbar.
.Lug-end terminations are used in applications where a secure and
removable connection is required, such as in panel boards and
large electrical equipment.
.Uses lugs (metal connectors) to attach wires, Preferred for high-
voltage applications and Durable and suitable for large cables.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 9
• In electrical installations, choosing the
appropriate termination method is essential to
ensure safety, reliability, and compliance with
electrical codes and regulations.
• Properly terminated connections help prevent
electrical faults, overheating, and potential
hazards. It is important to follow manufacturer
specifications and industry best practices when
performing terminations to maintain the
integrity of the electrical system.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 10
[Link] Wiring Circuits
. Systems used to distribute electrical power
from the main supply to various loads. Includes
residential, commercial, and industrial
installations.
2.1 Systems Wiring
. Systems wiring involves connecting various
components in an electrical system. Choosing
the right wire type and size is crucial for a safe
and functional system.
. Refers to complete electrical systems involving
power supply, distribution, and control. Includes
power cables, junction boxes, and terminals.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 11
2.2 Methods of Wiring Lighting Circuits
There are various methods for wiring lighting
circuits, each suited for different applications.
Common methods include:
Series circuits: where components are
connected in a single path.
Parallel circuits: where components are
connected on separate branches.
1/1/2025 Electrical and computer Engineering 12
☑Methods of Wiring Lighting Circuits
1. Loop-in System
2. Joint Box System
3. Conduit Wiring System
1. Loop-in System:-This is the most commonly
employed system for domestic installations.
The phase wire is looped from one switch to
another, and the neutral wire is looped from one
light point to another.
Connections are made at terminals of switches
and light fittings, eliminating the need for
junction boxes.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 13
2. Joint Box System
• Connections to electrical points are made
using joints inside joint boxes.
• Suitable connectors or joint cut-outs are
used to distribute power to switches and
light point.
3. Conduit Wiring System
The conduit wiring system involves running
electrical wires through protective conduits
made of metal or plastic.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 14
• Conduits can be installed on walls, ceilings, or
underground, depending on the application.
• Provides excellent protection against
mechanical damage, moisture, and corrosion.
• Allows for easy upgrades or changes since
wires can be pulled out and replaced without
needing to disturb the building structure
significantly.
1/1/2025 Electrical and computer Engineering 15
2.3 Internal Electrical Installation
• Residential and commercial layouts for efficient
power distribution.
• 2.3.1 Residential Installation
☑ Series Circuit
• In a series circuit, electrical components are
connected end-to-end, forming a single path for
current flow.
• Same current flows through all components.
• Voltage is divided among the components.
• If one component fails, the entire circuit stops
working.
☑Applications
• Low-cost installations with simple requirements.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 16
☑ Parallel Circuit
• In a parallel circuit, components are connected
across common points, forming multiple paths
for current flow.
• Each component operates independently.
• Voltage is the same across all components.
• Suitable for residential wiring.
☑Applications.
• Lighting and power outlets in homes.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 17
☑Control of Lamps from Single Location Using
Different Types of Switches, Lamps can be
controlled using various switches such as:
• One-Way Switch: Controls one lamp from one
location.
• Two-Way Switch: Controls one lamp from two
locations.
• Intermediate Switch: Controls one lamp from
three or more locations.
☑Applications
• Staircases,
• corridors, and
• residential rooms.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 18
• ☑Control of Lamps from Different Places Using
Different Types of Switches:- Lamps can be
controlled from multiple locations using two-
way or intermediate switches.
• ☑Two-Way Switching: Used for staircases and
long corridors.
• ☑Intermediate Switching: Used in large areas
with multiple access points.
☑Applications
• Hallways and large living spaces.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 19
• ☑Lamps Controlled Using One-Way Switch with
Earthed Single-Phase Socket
• A one-way switch is used to control a lamp,
with an earthed single-phase socket outlet
closely attached for additional electrical
appliances.
☑Applications
• Residential rooms requiring both lighting and a
power outlet.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 20
☑Bell Circuits
• Bell circuits are designed for signaling using an
electric bell.
• A simple bell circuit includes a switch, a power
source, and a bell.
☑Types of Bells
1. Single-Stroke Bell: Produces one ring per
switch press.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 21
2. Trembler Bell (Vibrating Bell): Produces
continuous rings while the switch is pressed.
☑Application
The trembler bell is the one most commonly
used as a door bell for houses and offices.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 22
3. Continuous Ringing Bell
Rings continuously even after the switch is
released.
☑ Application
• This type of bell is useful for alarm circuits of
various kinds.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 23
☑Annunciator Circuit
• Annunciator circuits are used for monitoring
multiple zones or areas and indicating faults or
calls through visual or audible signals.
• Includes visual flags or indicators for location
identification.
• Integrated reset buttons for easy operation.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 Electrical and computer Engineering 24
☑Applications
• Office buildings,
• hospitals, and
• industrial setups.
Electrical and computer Engineering
1/1/2025 25