The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
The act is provided for the protection and improvement of the environment.
Environment means water, air and land and inter-relation which exist among and
between water, air, Human, living creature, plant, Microorganism and property.
Solid, liquid and gas if present in the concentration that it is causing harm to the
environment, they are said as the environment pollutant.
Hazardous substance means that its chemical or Physico-chemical properties causes
is liable to cause harm to the human, plants, micro-organism.
It is the responsibility of the central government to do the all relevant work for the
control and prevention of the environmental pollution.
The central government is responsible for setting all the limits from all the sources
and pollution generating substances and have check on that.
Central government have the Authority to make any laws and guide and appoint the
officer for checking the standard set by the government.
The sample can be taken at any time of any industry and it can be about Air, Water
and land. The sample will be collected in fort of the officer in charge and it has to be
signed by both the person taking the sample and the officer in front of which the
sample is being taken. After that the sample will be sent to the Government
Approved Laboratory.
If the company fails to meet the environmental standard set by the Government
then they should be imposed the fine of Up to 1 lakhs and also imprison for 5 years
or it can be both.
The Water Prevention and Control Act, 1974
Pollution means any change in Physical, Chemical and or Biological Properties of
water that are harmful to the Public health or safety.
RFP and the Learning
Baseline study will include the generation of the baseline data within 10km radius or more
as specified by MOEF&CC.
The Base line data which needs to be collected will require a certain no. of locations, total
no. of samples that needs to be collected, and lists of parameters for obtaining baseline
data, sampling period and sampling frequency. All these details will be given in Approved
ToR.
Different activity or sub activities need to be identified which will create pollution load
during construction and operation phase. And how much will be the pollution load and how
can that be mitigated or reduced.
Mitigation measures have to be given so that the adverse environmental impact will be
taken to the normal acceptable level. Environmental management plant will be given to the
post environment monitoring and Disaster management plan should also be given.
The field studies that will be conducted should align with the standard method as per the
CPCP or BIS or by US-EPA.
The next step will be finding out the pollution load based on the project features.
EMP will include various programs such as waste management program, Resource
conservation, Green belt conservation and R&R.
Waste management plan should be given for collection, treatment, recycle and disposal of
all type of waste and disposal effluent.
Social impact due to the project has to be identified and the Rehabilitation and Resettlement
plant should also be given.
Air quality monitoring data can be collected form Meteorology department. The
meteorology parameters which need to be analyzed are Wind speed and direction,
Temperature, Barometric Pressure, Relative Humidity and Rainfall and cloud cover.
As Per the CPCB guideline the Gaussian Dispersion model will be used for the prediction of
the pollutant on the air environment. The polluted air while going it the atmosphere will
make bell shaped structure and which will be influenced by the wind, atmospheric condition
and the distance from the source.
An assessment on the water effluent and its quality, quantity and type of characteristics
during the operational phase has to be made.
The Noise monitoring analysis will be done for different areas that are commercial,
Industrial, residential and sensitive zone.
QGIS and the learning.
Plugins add some addition third party functions to users that they can use and access.
Shapefile is the collection of files. We need at least 4 file for the making of shape file.
Geopackage file too have multiple files or layer.
Natural earth one source to excess data for working on Qgis.
Fault data can be downloaded from the GEM Global Active Fault Database.
NOAA collects data for earthquakes.
TSV format is the Tab Separate Value files. We need Delimited text layer to access these data
sources.
Geospatial data comes in two parts that is location and attribute.
GIS data is both map data and attribute data linked together.
EIA Notification, 2006
EC for Category A project will be obtained from the Central level which refers to the Ministry
of Environmental forest and climate change and Category B from the state level which refers
as state environment impact assessment authority.
SEIAA will be made up of one member secretary, and two other members and their name
will be given by the state government. One of these members will act as an Chairman of
SEIAA. The tenure of the non-official member will be of three year.
As discussed earlier, the category A projects will be required the approval of Central
Government that is MOEF and that has to be recommended by Expert appraisal committee.
The same applies to the state level. The approval which will be taken by the SEIAA has to be
recommended by the SEAC.
The task of screening, scoping and appraisal has to be done by the EAC and SEAC. This
committee should meet once in a month and the committee has to be made once in a three
year.
In screening it is determined that whether the project will come under B1 category or B2
category. This is determined on the bases of the Nature of the project like what likely to be
done there and the location specificity of the project. The decisions will be made by the
SEAC. If the project comes under B2 then it do not attract in EC and need not to make any
EIA report for the same.
Scoping will again be done by the EAC and SEAC. In scoping the ToR will be given for
addressing the all relevant environment concerns and which will depend on the Form1.
It is the responsibility of the State pollution control board to conduct the Public hearing and
send the response of the people who is having plausible stake due to the project
development.
Appraisal means the detailed scrutiny of the project which will be made by the Expert
appraisal committee either state level or central level. Detailed scrutiny will be about the
public hearing and the responses to the same which will be made.
The final appraisal or rejection will be given by EAC or SEAC.
Procedure for Conduction Public Hearing
The public hearing should be arranged in Systematic, Time bound and Transparent manner.
The public hearing can be conducted on the Project site or nearby District. It should be
conducted by State pollution control board and UTPCB.
The process
The applicant should make request to the member secretary of SPCP/ UTPCC to arrange
Public Hearing. The letter regarding the same should enclosed with the 10 hard copies of
Draft EIA reports as per structure given in Appendix III and the Summary EIA reports which
should also be given electronically. Applicant should forward the Draft EIA report along with
summary EIA report to the MOEF&CC along with District magistrate, Municipal Corporation,
District industry officer and regional office of MOEF&CC. These respective people should
publicize these draft EIA reports in their respective jurisdiction and request the interested
person to send their comments to the concern regulatory authority. The concern authority
should these reports available for inspection and also provides this in their office in a certain
places. The MOEF should also make this report available in their websites. The SPPCB should
make arrangements for the publicity of Draft EIA report. They should also make the copy of
draft EIA available for inspection and the copy of the same should be made available in the
selected offices, Public library and panchayat. They should also make these reports available
to the above five authorities.
Notice of Public Hearing
The time, date and place for the public hearing should be decided by the member secretary
of the SPCB/UTPCC within the 7 days of receiving of the Draft EIA report from the project
proponent. The advertisement should be made in one National daily and one Regional
vernacular daily. Maximum notice period of 30 days should be given to the public for
furnishing their responses. The advertisement should also inform public the places of office
where the public can access the draft EIA before public hearing. There should not be any
change in the date of the public until in emergency situation and same has to be told by
district magistrate if there in any such changes and the modified date should also be given
by or decide by Member- Secretary of SPCB/UTPCC in presence of district magistrate.
The Panel
The District Magistrate or his representative not below the rank of ADM assisted by a
representative of SPCB/UTPCC shall supervise and preside over entire public hearing
process.
Videography
The SPCB/UTPCC shall arrange the video copy of the public hearing proceeding and the same
has to be attached with the public hearing proceeding while forwarding it to the concern
regulatory authority.
Proceedings
The attendance of the presented people should be noted and Annexed with the final
proceeding. The representative of the Applicant shell initiates the proceedings with
presentation of the project and the Summary EIA. Every person present in the
meeting should grant the opportunity to seek clarification on the project from the
applicant. The proceeding of the public hearing will include all the view and concern
raised by the public, shall be recorded by the representative of the SPCB/UTPCC and
read over the audience at the end of proceeding explaining the content in the
vernacular language and the agreed minutes shall be signed by the District
Magistrate or his or her representative on the same day and forward the same to the
SPCB/UTPCC concerned. A statement of issue raised by the public and the comments
of the applicants shall also be prepared in the local language and English and same
should be attached with the proceedings. The proceeding of the meeting should be
displayed at the office of Panchayat, who’s jurisdiction the project is located, office
of Zila parishad, DM and SPPCB. The SPPCB should also display on their website the
same for general information. If there is any comments on the proceedings which
may be directly sent to the concern regulatory authority and the applicant
concerned.
Time period for completion of Public Hearing
Public hearing shell be completed within the 45 days from the date of receipt of the
request letter. The SPPCB shall forward the proceeding to the concern regulatory
within 8 days of the public hearing.
Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2011
The Central Government has set up the Coastal Regulation Zone to ensure the livelihood
security of the local people and also the developments should be done through the
sustainable manner which can bypass the Natural Hazard, sea level rise due to global
warming and for the same some restriction are set by the government.
According to the CRZ, there is a restriction in expansion, operation and process of industry in
between HTL to 500 m from the land side.
Ports Important Parameters
Dredging is the process of removing sediments, debris, or other materials from the
bottom of the water body like river and lake or sea. Dredging helps to make channel
deeper, so ships and boats can pass throughout without getting stuck.
Reclamation is the process of creating new land from area that were previously
underwater, like coastal area, wetlands or parts of river.
Harbour area is like parking area for Ships.
Breakwater is the structure built in water near harbor to protect it from strong wave
and rough sea conditions.
Offshore structures are large constructions built in the water but not directly
connected to the shores.
Capital dredged material refers to the soil, sand, rocks and other material removed
from the seabed during large-scaled dredging projects.