D”P gva¨wgK ● †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb (wØZxq cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi

wØZxq Aa¨vq: cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K evsjv‡`k (1947-1971)

1. ÔNÕ iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZvi `yB hyM ci cª_g mvaviY K‡ib| hv Avgvi cwVZ 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi mv‡_
wbe©vP‡b GKwU Rbwcªq ivR‰bwZK `j GKK mv`…k¨c~Y©|
msL¨vMwiô Avmb †c‡q weRqx nq| wKš‘ miKvi N. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`…k¨c~Y© wbe©vPb A_©vr 1970
¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi bv Kivq weRqx `‡ji †bZv ¯^vaxbZv mv‡ji wbe©vPb e¯ÍyZc‡¶ cvwK¯Ívb ivóªwUi ivR‰bwZK
†NvlYv K‡ib| g…Zy¨ NUvq |
K. evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ Kvi Øviv wbe©vwPZ nb? 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b evOvwji ¯^Zš¿
L. kvmb wefvM ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai ewntcªKvk N‡U| wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kv‡bv wbe©vP‡bi jx‡Mi Af~Zc~e© weRq cwðgv kvmK‡Mvôxi my`xN© 25
mv`…k¨ Av‡Q wK? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| eQ‡ii AZ¨vPvi, wbcxob I †kvl‡Yi nvZ †_‡K
N. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`…k¨c~Y© wbe©vPb e¯ÍyZc‡¶ evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi Ges gyw³ jv‡fi `vweiB
ivóªwUi ivR‰bwZK g…Zy¨ NUvq- we‡kølY K‡iv| ewntcªKvk|
1 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM GKK
K. evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ msm` m`m¨‡`i Øviv A_©vr msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b Ki‡j cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx
c‡iv¶ c×wZ‡Z wbe©vwPZ nb| ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii e¨vcv‡i Uvjevnvbv ïiæ K‡i|
L. kvmb wefvM ej‡Z †evSvq miKv‡ii †m wefvM‡K †h RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb AvnŸvb K‡iI Zv Avevi
wefvM †`‡ki cªPwjZ AvBb Abyhvqx kvmbKvh© Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ ¯’wMZ Kiv nq| Gi cªwZev‡`
cwiPvjbv K‡i| e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb 2 gvP© XvKvq Ges 3 gvP©
miKv‡ii wZbwU wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ kvmb wefv‡Mi f~wgKv mgMª c~e© evsjvq niZv‡ji WvK †`b| 7 gvP©
AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| kvmb wefvMB miKv‡ii Avmj †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Zvi fvl‡Y wZwb ¯^vaxbZvi WvK
PvwjKv kw³| ivóªcwZ, cªavbgš¿x, gš¿x, cªwZgš¿x Ges †`b|
Dcgš¿x‡`i wb‡q kvmb wefvM MwVZ nq| kvmb 1971 mv‡ji 2 †_‡K 25 gvP© ch©šÍ cvwK¯Ívwb
wefv‡Mi KvR n‡jv AvBbmfv KZ©…K cªYxZ AvB‡bi kvm‡bi weiæ‡× c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb
ev¯Íevqb Kiv| P‡j| 25 gvP© ga¨iv‡Z cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx
M. DÏxc‡Ki wbe©vP‡bi mv‡_ Avgvi cwVZ 1970 mv‡ji XvKvmn Ab¨vb¨ kni¸‡jv‡Z nvRvi nvRvi wbixn,
wbe©vP‡bi mv`…k¨ i‡q‡Q| wbi¯¿ evOvwj‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| 26 gv‡P©i
1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vaxb n‡jI †`kwUi RvZxq cª_g cªn‡i e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb cª_g
cwil‡`i cª_g mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq 1970 evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| G †NvlYvi
mv‡ji 7 I 8 wW‡m¤^i| DË wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM mv‡_ mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki me©¯Í‡ii RbMY hy‡× Svuwc‡q
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b msiw¶Z gwnjv Avmbmn RvZxq c‡o| `xN© 9 gvm i³¶qx hy‡×i ci evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb
cwil‡`i †gvU 313wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 167wU Avmb nq |
†c‡q GKK msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K GUvB cªZxqgvb nq †h,
cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi 4wU cª‡`‡ki g‡a¨ wcwcwc †gvU DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`…k¨c~Y© wbe©vPb A_©vr 1970
83wU Avmb cvq| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi G weRq cvwK¯Ívwb mv‡ji wbe©vPb cªK…ZB cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi ivR‰bwZK
kvmK‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ ¶gZv nviv‡bvi fxwZ Qwo‡q †`b| g…Zy¨ NUvq|
d‡j wbe©vP‡bi djvdj cªKv‡ki ci †_‡K Zviv bZyb
lohš¿ ïiæ K‡i| e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb Zv‡`i 2. 'K' iv‡óªi miKvi gvÎ 3 fvM †jv‡Ki fvlv‡K iv‡óªi
lohš¿ eyS‡Z †c‡i ¯^vaxbZv msMªv‡gi WvK †`b| GKgvÎ gvZ…fvlv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i| miKv‡ii
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, 'N' iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZvi `yB hyM ci wm×v‡šÍi cªwZev‡` RbMY Av‡›`vj‡b bv‡g Ges
cª_g mvaviY wbe©vP‡b GKwU Rbwcªq ivR‰bwZK `j Rxeb w`‡q Zv cªwZ‡iva K‡i|
GKK msL¨vMwiôZv jvf K‡i| wKš‘ miKvi ¶gZv K. Qq`dv Kx?
n¯ÍvšÍi bv Kivq weRqx `‡ji †bZv ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv L. hy³dª›U ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kv‡bv †NvlYv K‡i| miKv‡ii wm×v‡šÍi cªwZev‡` RbMY
HwZnvwmK Av‡›`vj‡bi mv`…k¨ Av‡Q wK? Av‡›`vj‡b bv‡g Ges Rxeb w`‡q Zv cªwZ‡iva K‡i|
e¨vL¨v K‡iv| Zv‡`i G Av‡›`vjb I cªwZ‡iva Kg©m~wPi mv‡_
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Av‡›`vjb ¯^vaxbZvi m~ÎcvZ evOvwji 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb mv`…k¨c~Y©|
K‡i- we‡kølY K‡iv| N. DÏxc‡K Av‡jvwPZ Av‡›`vjb A_©vr 1952 mv‡ji
2 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi fvlv Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi m~ÎcvZ K‡i|
K. Qq`dv n‡jv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ©…K cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU Rb‡Mvôxi kZKiv 56 fvM †jv‡Ki
†NvwlZ evOvwji AwaKvi Av`v‡qi 6wU `vwe msewjZ gy‡Li fvlv wQj evsjv| ZeyI cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx
GKwU Kg©m~wP| D`©y‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv Kivi wm×všÍ MªnY K‡i|
L. hy³dª›U ej‡Z 1954 mv‡j AbywôZ ZrKvjxb c~e© Gi cªwZev‡` 1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªyqvwi c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi cªv‡`wkK cwil‡`i mvaviY wbe©vP‡b cvwK¯Ívbe¨vcx ivóªfvlv w`em cvj‡bi †NvlYv †`Iqv
AskMªnYKvix GKwU ivR‰bwZK †RvU‡K †evSvq| nq| wKš‘ cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx 20 †deªyqvwi
1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK we‡Kj †_‡K XvKv kn‡i 144 aviv Rvwi K‡i| c~e©
`j¸‡jv ¶gZvmxb gymwjg jxM‡K civwRZ Kivi cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY 144 aviv f½ K‡i wgwQj †ei
j‡¶¨ †RvUe× n‡q wbe©vP‡b AskMªn‡Yi cwiKíbv K‡i| wgwQ‡j cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z ReŸvi, eiKZ,
K‡i| GiB †cªw¶‡Z 1953 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡m mvjvg, iwdKmn Av‡iv A‡b‡K kwn` nb| G
gqgbwms‡n AbywôZ AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi Av‡›`vjbB evOvwj RvwZi BwZnv‡m fvlv Av‡›`vjb
KvDw݇j Ôhy³dª›U' †RvU MV‡bi wm×všÍ nq| G †RvU bv‡g L¨vZ|
PviwU ivR‰bwZK `j wb‡q MwVZ nq| `j¸‡jv n‡jv- DÏxc‡K ÔKÕ iv‡óªi miKvi gvÎ 3 fvM †jv‡Ki
AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM, K…lK-kªwgK cvwU©, †bRvg-B- fvlv‡K iv‡óªi GKgvÎ gvZ…fvlv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i|
Bmjvwg cvwU© Ges MYZš¿x `j| wbe©vP‡b hy³dª‡›Ui miKv‡ii wm×v‡šÍi cªwZev‡` RbMY Av‡›`vj‡b bv‡g
cªZxK wQj †bŠKv| Ges Rxeb w`‡q Zv cªwZ‡iva K‡i| Zv‡`i G
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Avgvi cwVZ HwZnvwmK fvlv Av‡›`vjb 1952 mv‡ji evOvwji fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi
Av‡›`vj‡bi mv`…k¨ i‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv`…k¨c~Y©|
1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb m…wói ci †_‡KB †`kwUi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi †PZbvB cieZ©xKv‡j evOvwji
ivóªfvlv Kx n‡e Zv wb‡q gZwe‡iva ïiæ nq| †m mgq cªwZwU MY- Av‡›`vj‡b †cªiYv †hvMvq Ges
cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU Rb‡Mvôxi kZKiv 56 fvM †jv‡Ki ivR‰bwZK, mvs¯‹…wZK I A_©‰bwZK gyw³i c_‡K
gy‡Li fvlv wQj evsjv| A_P cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx myMg K‡i| 1962 mv‡ji wk¶v Av‡›`vjb, 1966
D`©y‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv Kivi wm×všÍ MªnY K‡i| mv‡ji Qq `dv, 1969 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìvb Ges
gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn Ges cªavbgš¿x LvRv bvwRgyÏxb 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b ¯^vwaKv‡ii cª‡kœ c~e©
D`©y‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv Kivi †NvlYv †`b| c~e© evsjvi gvbyl HK¨e× nq| Avi GiB avivevwnKZvq
cvwK¯Ív‡bi QvÎ I ZiæY mgvR Zv‡`i G †NvlYvi 1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy‡× P~W়všÍ mvdj¨ AR©b
cªwZev` Rvbvq Ges Zxeª Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| K‡i| wek¦ gvbwP‡Î Afy¨`q N‡U evsjv‡`k bvgK
1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªyqvwi Zviv c~e© cvwK¯Ívbe¨vcx GKwU ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg iv‡óªi| ZvB ejv hvq, 1952
ivóªfvlv w`em cvj‡bi †NvlYv †`q| G Kg©m~wP‡K mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi
evbPvj Kivi Rb¨ kvmK‡Mvôx 144 aviv Rvwi K‡i| m~ÎcvZ K‡i|
wKš‘ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY 144 aviv f½ K‡i wgwQj
†ei K‡i| wgwQ‡j cywjk ¸wj Ki‡j kwn` nb ReŸvi, 3. 'L' iv‡óªi AZ¨šÍ Rbwcªq †bZv‡K †MªdZvi K‡i
eiKZ, mvjvg, iwdKmn Av‡iv A‡b‡K| d‡j G `xN©w`b webv wePv‡i KvivMv‡i ivLvi ci lohš¿g~jK
Av‡›`vjb Av‡iv †eMevb nq| G Av‡›`vj‡bi wg_¨v gvgjv `v‡qi Kivq RbMY we‡¶v‡f †d‡U
djkªywZ‡Z cvwK¯Ívb miKvi evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡o| GK ch©v‡q miKvi wg_¨v gvgjv cªZ¨vnvi K‡i
Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlvi ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z eva¨ nq| Rbwcªq †bZv‡K gyw³ w`‡Z eva¨ nq|
DÏxc‡KI †`Lv hvq, 'K' iv‡óªi miKvi gvÎ 3 fvM K. gywRebMi miKv‡ii cªavbgš¿x †K wQ‡jb?
†jv‡Ki fvlv‡K iv‡óªi GKgvÎ gvZ…fvlv wn‡m‡e L. fvlv Av‡›`vjb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kv‡bv gyw³ w`‡Z eva¨ nq| hv Avgvi cwVZ 1969 mv‡ji
HwZnvwmK NUbvi mv`…k¨ Av‡Q wK? e¨vL¨v MYAv‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ mv`…k¨c~Y©|
K‡iv| N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z NUbvi mv‡_ evOvwji 1969 mv‡ji
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z NUbv RvZxqZvev`x MYAfy¨Ìvb| mv`…k¨c~Y© hv evOvwji RvZxqZvev`x
Av‡›`vjb‡K †eMevb K‡i- we‡kølY K‡iv| Av‡›`vjb‡K †eMevb K‡i|
4 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi 1969 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS mg‡q ¶gZvmxb
K. gywRebMi miKv‡ii cªavbgš¿x wQ‡jb ZvRDÏxb kvmK‡Mvôxi weiæ‡× c~e© evsjvi RbMY Zxeª cªwZev`
Avng`| Rvbvq| Aímg‡qi g‡a¨ G cªwZev` MYAv‡›`vj‡b
L. fvlv Av‡›`vjb ej‡Z †evSvq evsjv fvlv‡K ivóªxq iƒc †bq| MYZvwš¿K msMªvg cwil` I QvÎmsMªvg
gh©v`vq cªwZwôZ Kivi `vwe‡Z msNwUZ cwil‡`i †bZviv HwZnvwmK AvMiZjv gvgjv
MYAv‡›`vjb| cªZ¨vnv‡ii `vwe‡Z AUj _v‡K| G mgq gvIjvbv
1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vaxbZvi ciciB †`kwUi Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx cªZ¨¶ msMªv‡gi WvK w`‡q
ivóªfvlv wK n‡e Zv wb‡q cªkœ †`Lv †`q| cvwK¯Ív‡bi GK R¡vjvgqx fvlY †`b| G‡Z AvBbk…•Ljv
†K›`ªxq †bZ…e…›` †NvlYv K‡ib cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv cwiw¯’wZi Av‡iv AebwZ N‡U| MYAv‡›`vjb AviI
n‡e D`©y| wKš‘ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi QvÎ- RbZv Zxeª iƒc aviY K‡i Ges cªkvmb APj n‡q c‡o|
cªwZev`gyLi n‡q I‡V Ges ivóªfvlv evsjvi `vwe‡Z Giƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z AvBqye miKvi 1969 mv‡ji 22
Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡i| G Av‡›`vj‡b mvjvg, eiKZ, †deªyqvwi AvMiZjv gvgjv cªZ¨vnvi Ges me
iwdK, mwdKmn Av‡iv A‡b‡K kwn` nb| G Avmvwg‡K webv k‡Z© gyw³ w`‡Z eva¨ nq|
Av‡›`vjbB fvlv Av‡›`vjb bv‡g cwiwPZ| MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi d‡j lohš¿g~jK G gvgjvi Aemvb
M. DÏxc‡Ki NUbvi mv‡_ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ab¨Zg Av‡›`vjb N‡U Ges evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb Av‡iv
1969 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi mv`…k¨ i‡q‡Q| kw³kvjx n‡q I‡V|
AvBqye Lvb 1958 mv‡j ¶gZv `Lj Kivi ci MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi Kvi‡Y c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b wek…•Lj
cvwK¯Ív‡b mvgwiK GKbvqKZ¡ cªwZôv K‡ib| wZwb ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ weivR K‡i Ges AvBbk…•Ljv
c~e© evsjvi RbM‡Yi Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ µgvš^‡q AebwZi w`‡K †h‡Z _v‡K| ZvB
ˆelg¨ `~ixKiY Ges ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡K D‡c¶v kvmbZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi DbœwZi Rb¨ †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv
K‡ib| 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb‡K e¨_© Kivi Rb¨ 1968 Lvb 1970 mv‡j wbe©vP‡bi †NvlYv †`b| wbe©vP‡b
mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m AvBqye miKvi e½eÜy †kL AvIqvgx jxM Rq K‡i| wKš‘ kvmK‡Mvôx ¶gZv
gywReyi ingvb‡K GK b¤^i Avmvgx K‡i 35 Rb n¯ÍvšÍi bv Kivq 1971 mv‡j c~e© evsjvq Amn‡hvM
evOvwj mvgwiK-‡emvgwiK e¨w³i bv‡g AvMiZjv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv nq hv gyw³hy‡×i iƒc cwiMªn K‡i|
lohš¿ gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i| D³ gvgjvq e½eÜy‡K 1969 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìvb evOvwji ivR‰bwZK,
†MªdZvi Kiv nq| GB wg_¨v gvgjv cªZ¨vnvi Ges mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK †kvlY I eÂbv †_‡K gyw³i c_
AvBqye Lv‡bi c`Z¨vM, 1962 mv‡ji msweavb iPbv K‡i| G Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡gB c~e© evsjvi
evwZj, GK e¨w³ GK †fv‡Ui' wfwˇZ msm`xq RbMY wb‡R‡`i ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡Z msMªvg K‡i
MYZš¿ cªwZôvi Rb¨ c~e© evsjvi RbMY me©vZ¥K Ges Gi d‡j ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q
MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| GB Av‡›`vjbB '69 N‡U|
mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìvb bv‡g L¨vZ| MYAv‡›`vj‡b fxZ
n‡q AvBqye miKvi e½eÜymn Ab¨ ew›`‡`i gyw³ 4. A‡bK ¯^cœ wb‡q 'cªZ¨vkv' mgvRKj¨vY ms¯’v cªwZwôZ
w`‡Z eva¨ nq| nq| ïiæ †_‡KB wewfbœ wel‡q `vwqZ¡kxj‡`i g‡a¨
DÏxc‡Ki eY©bvqI †`Lv hvq, ÔLÕ iv‡óªi AZ¨šÍ gZ‡f` †`Lv †`Iqvq ms¯’vwUi †Kv‡bv MVbZš¿ ˆZwi
Rbwcªq †bZv‡K †MªdZvi K‡i `xN©w`b webv wePv‡i Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| `xN©w`b ci GKwU MVbZš¿ ˆZwi
KvivMv‡i ivLvi ci lohš¿g~jK wg_¨v gvgjv `v‡qi n‡jI Zv Aí mg‡qi e¨eav‡b evwZj n‡q hvq|
Kivq RbMY we‡¶v‡f †d‡U c‡o| GK ch©v‡q K. hy³dª›U Kx?
miKvi wg_¨v gvgjv cªZ¨vnvi K‡i Rbwcªq †bZv‡K L. 1969 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìvb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ †Zvgvi cwVZ 1956 mv‡ji wØZxq MYcwil` MwVZ nq| 1956 mv‡ji 9 Rvbyqvwi
cvwK¯Ívb msweavb cªYq‡bi mv`…k¨ Av‡Q wK? MYcwil‡` 'msweavb wej DÌvwcZ nq Ges †deªyqvwi
e¨vL¨v K‡iv| gv‡m Zv cvm nq| 1956 mv‡ji 23 gvP© †_‡K G
N. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`…k¨c~Y© NUbvi g~‡j wQj msweavb Kvh©Ki nq|
'mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Awgj'- cvwK¯Ív‡bi DÏxc‡Ki †¶‡ÎI †`Lv hvq, A‡bK ¯^cœ wb‡q
†cªw¶‡Z g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 'cªZ¨vkv' mgvRKj¨vY ms¯’v cªwZwôZ nq| ïiæ †_‡K
4 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi wewfbœ wel‡q `vwqZ¡kxj‡`i g‡a¨ gZ‡f` _vKvq
K. hy³dª›U n‡jv AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM (c‡i bvg nq ms¯’vwUi †Kv‡bv MVbZš¿ ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|
AvIqvgx jxM), K…lK kªwgK cvwU©, †bRvg-B-Bmjvwg `xN©w`b ci GKwU MVbZš¿ ˆZwi n‡jI Zv Aí
Ges evgcš’x MYZš¿x `‡ji mgš^‡q 1954 mv‡j mg‡qi g‡a¨ evwZj n‡q hvq| DÏxc‡Ki G ms¯’vwUi
MwVZ GKwU ivR‰bwZK †RvU| MVbZš¿ ˆZwii mv‡_ 1956 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi cª_g
L. cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKP‡µi weiæ‡× 1969 mv‡j msNwUZ msweavb cªYq‡bi ¯úó mv`…k¨ j¶ Kiv hvq|
evsjvi gvby‡li Zxeª Av‡›`vjbB Ebmˇii N. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`…k¨c~Y© NUbv A_©vr 1956 mv‡ji
MYAfy¨Ìvb bv‡g cwiwPZ| 1968 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡ii cvwK¯Ívb msweavb cªYq‡bi `xN©m~wÎZv Ges Zv
QvÎ Am‡šÍvl‡K †K›`ª K‡i G Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ Aímg‡qi e¨eav‡b evwZj n‡q hvIqvi g~‡j wQj
nq| 'mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Awgj'|
me †kªwYi evOvwji g‡a¨ Dbmˇii MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi Rb¥jMœ †_‡KB cvwK¯Ívb `ywU As‡k wef³ wQj|
Awfbœ `vwe wQj ˆ¯^ikvmK AvBqye Lv‡bi c`Z¨vM| GKwU Ask wQj cwðg cvwK¯Ívb Ges Ab¨wU wQj c~e©
Z‡e wkí kªwgK Ges wbgœ I ga¨ Av‡qi †ckvRxex‡`i cvwK¯Ívb ev c~e© evsjv (eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k)| G `yB
Kv‡Q GwU ax‡i ax‡i cvwK¯Ívbx‡`i †kvlY I A‡ji g‡a¨ cªvq 1200 gvB‡ji †fŠ‡MvwjK `~iZ¡
ˆelg¨we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b iƒc †bq| G Afy¨Ìvb wQj (fvi‡Zi f~LÐ) wQj| ZvB ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB
cvwK¯Ívb cªwZôvi ci me©e…nr MYRvMiY| Gi ga¨ AÂj؇qi g‡a¨ mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK †¶‡Î A‡bK
w`‡q AvBqye Lvb miKv‡ii cZb N‡UwQj| Awgj j¶ Kiv hvq| Bmjvg a‡g©i eÜb Qvov `yB
M. n¨vu, DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Avgvi cwVZ 1956 mv‡ji As‡ki Awaevmx‡`i g‡a¨ fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ,
cvwK¯Ívwb msweavb cªYq‡bi mv`…k¨ Av‡Q| †cvkvKcwi”Q`, Lv`¨vf¨vm Gme w`‡K cªvq †Kv‡bvB
jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei wfwˇZ 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi wgj wQj bv|
Rb¥ n‡jI kvmK‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ bvbv wel‡q gZ‡f` cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci ciB †`kwUi c~e© I
_vKvq †`kwUi msweavb ˆZwi Ki‡Z `xN© 9 eQi †j‡M cwðg As‡ki g‡a¨ ivóª fvlvi cª‡kœ gZwe‡iva †`Lv
hvq| `xN©w`b ci msweavb ˆZwi n‡jI gvÎ `yB †`q| cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 56 kZvsk evOvwj
eQ‡ii gv_vq Zv evwZj n‡q hvq| cvwK¯Ív‡bi n‡jI D`©y‡K GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv Kivi PµvšÍ ïiæ nq|
msweavb cªYq‡bi NUbvi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki cªZ¨vkv G Qvov jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei Av‡jv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡b hy³ivóªxq
mgvRKj¨vY ms¯’vi MVbZš¿ ˆZwiiI wgj cvIqv miKvie¨e¯’v cªwZwôZ n‡jI cª‡`k¸‡jv‡K c~Y©
hvq| ¯^vqËkvmb †`Iqv nqwb| eis ZrKvjxb cvwK¯Ívb
cvwK¯Ív‡bi cª_g MYcwil` msweavb cªYq‡bi miKvi cªv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi cwie‡Z© kw³kvjx
D‡Ï‡k¨ 1949 mv‡j ÔAv`k© cª¯ÍveÕ MªnY K‡i| †K›`ªxq miKvi MV‡bi c`‡¶c wb‡qwQj| cªv‡`wkK
GQvov msweav‡bi g~jbxwZ wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU ¯^vqËkvmbKvgx I kw³kvjx †K›`ªxq kvm‡bi
KwgwU MVb K‡i| G KwgwU wZbRb cªavbgš¿xi c¶vej¤^bKvix‡`i g‡a¨ we‡iv‡ai d‡j MYcwil`
mgqKv‡j wZbwU wi‡cvU© ˆZwi K‡i| Z‡e †Kv‡bv msweavb cªYq‡b `xN© mgq wb‡Z eva¨ nq|
wi‡cvU©B Av‡jvi gyL †`‡Lwb| ZvQvov H mg‡q †K›`ªxq AvBbmfvq wewfbœ cª‡`‡ki cªwZwbwa‡Z¡i
Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` AhvwPZfv‡e welqwU wQj cvwK¯Ívb msweavb cªYq‡bi †¶‡Î GKwU
MYcwil‡`i Kvh©µ‡g n¯Í‡¶c Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© weZwK©Z welq| g~jbxwZ KwgwUi cª_g
¶gZvi ؇b&Øi GK ch©v‡q †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` 1954 wi‡cv‡U© c~e© evsjv‡K †K›`ªxq AvBb cwil‡`
mv‡ji 24 A‡±vei †`‡k Riæwi Ae¯’v Rvwi K‡i KgmsL¨K Avmb †`Iqv nq| G Kvi‡Y evOvwj Gi
MYcwil` evwZj K‡ib| 1955 mv‡ji †g gv‡m weiæ‡× cªwZev`gyLi n‡q I‡V|
 me‡k‡l ejv hvq, wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK I mvgvwRK DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, 'K' iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡KB
cªwZeÜKZv, iv‡óªi `yB As‡ki ga¨Kvi †fŠ‡MvwjK, Gi GKwU A‡ji RbMY kvmK‡Mvôxi KvQ †_‡K
mvs¯‹…wZK I gvbwmK `~iZ¡ Ges Awgj cvwK¯Ív‡bi wewfbœ ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi nq| d‡j Zv‡`i g‡b Mfxi
MVbZš¿ ˆZwii †¶‡Î cªfve †d‡j| hvi d‡j †¶v‡fi m…wó nq Ges Zviv ˆel‡g¨i weiæ‡× cªwZev`
msweavb ˆZwii cªwµqv `xN©vwqZ nq| M‡o †Zv‡j| GK ch©v‡q Zv‡`i Rbwcªq †bZv
kvmK‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q wKQy `vwe †ck K‡ib| e½eÜyi
5. 'K' iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡KB kvmK‡Mvôx iv‡óªi DÌvwcZ 6 `dv Kg©m~wPi †¶‡Î DÏxc‡Ki G NUbviB
GKwU A‡ji RbM‡Yi cªwZ wegvZvmyjf AvPiY cªwZdjb j¶ Kiv hvq| 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb m…wói
ïiæ K‡i| kvmK‡Mvôxi wbcxob-wbh©vZ‡bi weiæ‡× ci †_‡KB cwðgv kvmK‡Mvôx c~e© evsjvi (c~e©
RbMY HK¨e× nq Ges GK ch©v‡q RbM‡Yi wcªq cvwK¯Ív‡bi) Rbmvavi‡Yi Ici bvbv AZ¨vPvi,
†bZv kvmK‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q wKQy `vwe DÌvcb K‡ib| AwePvi, †kvlY, eÂbv I wbh©vZb ïiæ K‡i| Zviv
K. Qq-`dv Kg©m~wP Kx? †emvgwiK I mvgwiK PvKwi, K…wl, wkí, wk¶v,
L. AvMiZjv gvgjv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? A_©bxwZmn me †¶‡Î cvnvomg ˆelg¨ m…wó K‡i|
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ †Zvgvi cwVZ Qq-`dv evOvwjiv GKmgq G ˆelg¨ Aemv‡bi `vwe‡Z
Kg©m~wPi †Kv‡bv mv`…k¨ Av‡Q wK? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| †mv”Pvi I‡V| Zv‡`i ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK
N. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`…k¨c~Y© Kg©m~wP wQj evOvwji ¯^vwaKv‡ii `vwe‡K mvg‡b †i‡L e½eÜy †kL gywReyi
gyw³i mb` - we‡kølY K‡iv| ingvb 1966 mv‡ji 5-6 †deªyqvwi jv‡nv‡i GK
5 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi ivR‰bwZK m‡¤§j‡b HwZnvwmK 6 `dv `vwe †ck
K. c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi (c‡i ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k) cªwZ cwðg K‡ib| GKK_vq GwU wQj evOvwji bvh¨ AwaKvi
cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmK‡Mvôxi ˆelg¨ Aemv‡bi j‡¶¨ Av`v‡qi mb`| myZivs †`Lv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki 'K'
1966 mv‡j e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb †h Kg©m~wP iv‡óªi kvmK‡`i Kv‡Q DÌvwcZ Kg©m~wPwU g~jZ 6
†ck K‡ib ZvB Qq-`dv Kg©m~wP| `dv `vweiB cªwZ”Qwe|
L. cvwK¯Ívb miKvi 1968 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m e½eÜy N. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`…k¨c~Y© Kg©m~wP A_©vr nq `dv
†kL gywReyi ingvb‡K cªavb Avmvwg K‡i wZwbmn Kg©m~wP wQj evOvwji gyw³i mb`|
†gvU 35 Rb evOvwj mvgwiK-†emvgwiK Kg©KZ©vi cvwK¯Ív‡bi ˆ¯^ikvmK‡`i †kvlY, wbh©vZb I
weiæ‡× †h ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i ZvB AwePv‡ii weiæ‡× Qq `dv wQj GKwU ewjô c`‡¶c|
AvMiZjv gvgjv bv‡g cwiwPZ| †kvwlZ evOvwj‡`i A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I
gvgjvq D‡jøL Kiv n‡qwQj, e½eÜy †kL gywRe I H ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi Av`vqB wQj G Av‡›`vj‡bi
Kg©KZ©viv fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv iv‡R¨i ivRavbx j¶¨| 1966 mv‡j e½eÜyi Qq `dvi gva¨‡g c~e©
AvMiZjvq †m‡`‡ki miKv‡ii mv‡_ GK ˆeV‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi evOvwjiv cª_g wjwLZfv‡e ¯^vqËkvm‡bi
cvwK¯Ívb‡K wef³ Kivi lohš¿ K‡i‡Qb| me©`jxq `vwe †ck K‡i| cvwK¯Ívb miKvi G `vwe‡K †Kv‡bv
QvÎ msMªvg cwil` Ges gvIjvbv fvmvbx cvwK¯Ívb ¸iæZ¡ †`qwb| Z‡e G A‡ji RbMY µ‡gB nq
miKv‡ii G Pµv‡šÍi weiæ‡× Ges gvgjv cªZ¨vnvi I `dvi cªwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj n‡Z _v‡K| Gi d‡j 1970
e½eÜymn me ew›`i gyw³i `vwe‡Z MY-Av‡›`vjb M‡o mvj ch©šÍ hv wQj ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe, 1971 mv‡j
†Zv‡jb| MY-Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L AvBqye miKvi 1969 G‡m Zv ¯^vaxbZvi `vwe‡Z cwiYZ nq| Qq `dv
mv‡ji 22 †deªyqvwi AvMiZjv gvgjv cªZ¨vnvi K‡i `vwe‡Z D¾xweZ n‡qB evOvwj †kl ch©šÍ ¯^vaxbZvi
wb‡Z eva¨ nq| Rb¨ gyw³hy‡× Svuwc‡q c‡o| Gi avivevwnKZvqB
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Avgvi cwVZ 1966 mv‡ji Qq `dv Avgiv P~ovšÍ gyw³ ev ¯^vaxbZv AR©b Ki‡Z
Kg©m~wPi mv`…k¨ Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †c‡iwQjvg|
msMªv‡gi BwZnv‡m HwZnvwmK 6 `dv GKwU AwZ cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, Qq `dv‡Kw›`ªK Av‡›`vj‡bi c_
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kg©m~wP| Gi gva¨‡g evOvwji ¯^vwaKv‡ii a‡iB Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k| G
`vwe GKwU cwiYwZ cvq Ges Zv‡`i‡K ¯^vaxbZvi Kvi‡YB G Av‡›`vjb ev Kg©m~wP‡K evOvwji gyw³i
c‡_ PvwjZ K‡i| DÏxcKwU GB AmvaviY Kg©m~wPiB mb` ejv nq|
Bw½Z enb K‡i|