1. Introduction ‘The development of the eavity magnetron in the UK made possible the produetion of electromagnetic waves of a small enough wavelength (microwaves). American engineer Perey Spencer is generally credited with inventing the modem microwave oven after World War II from radar technology developed during the war. Named the "Radarange*. A microwave oven (also commonly referred to as 4 microwave) is an electric oven that heats and cooks food by exposing it to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range. + Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with a frequency of about 2.45 GHz and a wavelength of about 12.2 em; in the electromagnetic spectrum, they fall before infrared light but after radio waves (Heckert 2007). In a microwave oven microwaves are produced by a device called a magnetron, About Microwaves + Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic energy, like light waves or radio waves + Its frequency range is from 300 MHz (0.3 GHz) to 300 GHz, + Microwaves are used extensively in communications, + Good for transmitting information because it can penetrate haze, light rain and snow, clouds, and smoke. + Also used in radars and in detecting speeding cars. + Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation, They can cause water and fat molecules to vibrate so they are used for cooking in microwave ovens.2. Specification of Microwave Oven Frequency Paver consumption Ouput power Pulsed evel (%) Pawerlevel (ats) Cevity dimensions Exterior dimensions Oven capacity 2450 Mz, cating cbr Vege 220-2401 SH; 1150 Wat 700 Watt 20,40, 60,80, 100 140, 280,40, $60,700 19cm CH) * 26.m(W) * 26em(D) Comctor 24.7 om (A) #29 em (W)* [Link](D) mL3. Main Components used Microwave Ovens A microwave oven consists of: + A high-voltage power source, commonly a simple transformer or an electronic power converter, which passes energy to the magnetron. + A high-voltage capacitor connected to the magnetron, transformer and via a diode to the chassis + A cavity magnetron, which converts high voltage electric energy to microwave radiation, + A magnetron control circuit (usually with a microcontroller). + A short waveguide (to couple microwave power from the magnetron into the cooking chamber) +A metal cooking chamber. + A tumtable or metal wave guide stirring fan, + A control panel. Circuit Diagram transformer4, Magnetron + The Magnetron is a vacuum tube which is used in the generation of microwaves of high power. Its working principle is based on the interaction between electron stream and magnetic field. First Magnetron Tube was invented in 1940 at England's University by John Randall and Harry Boot. The Magnetron Tube works on DC (Direct Current) power. It consists of anode and cathode poles and a permanent magnet. + The cavities of a Magnetron Tubs consists of hot cathode in which high negative potential is ereated with high voltage DC power. When Cathode emits electrons, they start travelling in vacuum. Thei path depends on the strength and direction of the Magnetic Field and Electric Field, The magnetic field causes the electrons to get attracted towards positive anode and starts to spiral in a circular path. ‘Then they sweep past the openings of the cavities which are open along their length. Then these clectrons induce high frequency radio field in the cavity due to which electrons got bunched into groups, Then this field goes into output coupling loop which in turns connected to wave guide or antenna depending on the output requirement,Other Parts of Microwave oven + Wave guide- Once the microwave energy is created, a device called the wave guide then channels and directs the microwaves into the cooking chamber. The microwaves then bounce off the inner walls of the oven while passing through the food or drink on the turntable or platform, ‘+ High Voltage Transformer- Microwave transformer is basically a high voltage transformer. The primary winding of high voltage transformer gets a phase controlled a.c. voltage after the controller activates the relay. It has two secondary windings, The first secondary winding is low voltage winding and it is used to feed the filament of the magnetron (typically 3.3V at 10), The second secondary winding is high voltage winding about 2000 V ae, with eurrent of about 0.25A. This winding is connected to magnetron’s anode through RC network and diode, + High Power Capacitance-The capacitor is used to smooth out the ripples in the direct current before it reaches the magnetron + Power Rectifier- The power rectifier converts the alternating current from the transformer into the direct current needed by the magnetron, + Timer and Controller- The digital timer controls the amount of time the microwave is allowed to remain on or off. This is the interface that allows the user to control how much time is spent during radiation. After the specified time has elapsed the digital timer sends an electrical signal to the power relay, + Interlock Switehes- Various door interlock switches prevent inadvertent generation of microwaves unless the door is closed completely, At least one ofthese will be directly in series with the transformer primary so that a short in the relay or triae cannot accidentally tum on the microwaves with the door open. The interlocks must be activated in the correct sequence when the door is closed or opened. + Sensors- More sophisticated microwave source may include various sensors. The sensor is a special device, which converts a physical size (Je.: temperature and moisture) in an electrical signal, which duly considered and elaborated, permits the controlling and the monitoring of the examined phenomena, Hence the sensors govern and control the physical parameters in the microwave source. * Cooling Fans- In a microwave source we ean always find a fan, which is used to cool the magnetron to prevent its exaggerating heating, In a microwave source 30%- 50 % power is dissipated as heat by the magnetron, This fan is activated by its own electric motor. + Power Relay- The power relay allows the controller (o turn on or off the magnetron microwave6. Working Priciple of Microwave Oven + Microwave oven works by passing non-ionizing microwave radiation, usually ata frequeney of 2.45 Giz (a wavelength of 12.24 em), through the food. Microwave radiation is between common radio and infrared frequencies. + Water, fat, and other substances in the food absorb energy from the microwaves in a process called dielectric heating. Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric dipoles, meaning that they have a positive charge at one end and a negative charge atthe other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the altemating electric field of the microwaves, + This molecular movement creates heat as the rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into motion. Microwave heating is most efficient on liquid water, and much less so on fats and sugars (which have less molecular dipole moment), and frozen water (where the molecules are not free to rotate). + Microwave heating is sometimes explained as a rotational resonance of water higher molecules, but this is incorrect: such resonance only occurs in water vapour at much frequencies, at about 20 sigahertz,7. How do microwaves cook food? + Inside the strong metal box, there is a microwave generator called a magnetron. When you start cooking, the magnetron takes electricity from the power outlet and converts it into high-powered, 12cm (4.7 inch) radio waves. + The magnetron blasts these waves into the food compartment through a channel called a wave guide. + The food sits on a tumtable, spinning slowly round so the microwaves cook it evenly. + The microwaves bounce back and forth off the reflective metal walls of the food compartment, just like light bounces off a mirror, When the microwaves reach the food itself, they don't simply bounce off. Just as radio waves can pass straight through the walls of your house, so microwaves penetrate inside the food. As they travel through it, they make the molecules inside it vibrate more quickly. + Vibrating molecules have heat so, the faster the molecules vibrate, the hotter the food becomes. Thus the microwaves pass their energy onto the molecules in the food, rapidly heating it up.8. Advantages + By using "FRICTION HEAT", Microwave Ovens cook food quickly, + The greatest advantage of the microwave oven is; itis time-saving, it is convenient as we ean cook food in no time and maintain the nutrient and water content of the food. + Microwave oven helps in heating food without burning, as there is a touch button to set the time. + The space consumed is less and easy to use, as it is a + It will help defrost any frozen items within no time, + The vitamins are preserved in the food as it is not overcooked, matic + The consumption of oil is less in microwave cooking, thus allowing us to prepare a low-fat diet. + Microwave oven helps us to bake food without any mess[Link] + Microwaves have another quality that they are not absorbed by plastic, glass or ceramics. Hence the food containers to be kept for microwave cooking are made of ceramics, glass and suitable plastics. + Metalcontainers cannotbe used, asmetals reflect microwaves and cause sparks. + As the body cells have water molecules in abundance, exposure to the microwaves will damage our exposedpart, + It is dangerous to health as the studies show that using microwave could cause eancer as it produces cancer-causing agents, It weakens the immune system, which will lead to abnormal changes in humanblood, + It is not advisable to stand in front of the microwave as itis harmful while cooking. Radiation it emits is dangerous. Even plastic used in microwave cooking is dangerous as it emits Bisphenol which is also again very harmful. It is more dangerous for cooking baby food, + Itleads to dehydration, as the water content decreases and food are more prone to drying, and the cooked food is sometimes unevenly cooked.[Link] And Future Scope + Microwave are used by mobile phones (produced from a transmitter chip and antenna) as well as WiFi + Microwave ovens are used for heating in many industrial processes. + Microwave ovens are a common kitchen appliance and are popular for reheating previously cooked foods and cooking a variety of foods. + Microwaveshave a range of applications, ineluding communications, radar and, pethaps best known, by most people, cooking. + Microwaves are alsoused in radar which is used by ships, aireraft and weather forecasters Future Scope + Future connectivity between microwave oven and smart device will give you the ability to completely automate and monitor the cooking process in any restaurant. By remotely accessing the microwave oven via an app, you can have complete control over the cooking status of meals. + The Device, inspired by a restaurant dome tray, is portable and allows you to control the cooking process and time on a touch screen, Aside from giving diners an enticing display of what their meal will look like when it’s ready, the microwave oven can also be moved around to heat plates of food where needed, 10[Link] + A microwave oven, is a kitchen appliance that can come in many different sizes and styles employing microwave radiation primarily to cook or heat food. This is accomplished by using microwaves, almost always emitted from a magnetron, to excite water (primarily) and other polarized ‘molecules within the food to be heated. This excitation is fairly uniform, leading to food being heated everywhere all at once iT[Link] + [Link] + https:/[Link]/On-which-prineiple-docs-a microwave-oven-wor! + [Link] + htip://[Link]/2013/05/magnetvon-construction-and- [Link] 12