Teach Computer Science

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The Teach Computer Science Team

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Teach Computer Science
GSCE Computing

Computer
Security

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 1.

Revision notes

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Introduction
Advancements in computer systems and networks have led to
increases in theft and damage of computer data. The various threats
to which a network is vulnerable to are discussed in this article.
Hacking is the attempt to break computer security and make
unauthorised access to a system. The motive behind hackers is to
steal money or data or harm a person or organisation due to a
personal grievance. Few hacking takes place for ethical reasons; to
identify the security weaknesses that can be later fixed. Hacking is
illegal and punishable by law.
Network managers are responsible for network security. Various
methods to prevent network threats are used to keep network security
but there are always vulnerabilities that could be misused by a hacker.
Hence, it is important for all employees to adhere to procedures to
prevent any security vulnerabilities. Security policies are discussed
further in this article.

Threats to Networks
Computer systems are vulnerable to various threats as illustrated in
the following figure.

Figure 1: Threats to networks

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a) Malware
Malware is a type of program that can replicate itself and cause a
computer to malfunction. It can cause the computer to crash, stop
functioning normally or become unresponsive. It can also delete or
corrupt files without a user’s knowledge. Examples of malware are
listed in the table below.

Malware What does it do?

Replicates itself, gets attached to another program and

Virus causes damage to files such as deleting and corrupting
files without user’s knowledge.

Replicates itself and spreads through networks. Does not

Worms
get attached to another program.

User’s contents are encrypted to a non-understandable

form and the user is threatened to pay a sum of money to
Ransomware get his contents decrypted. Some ransomwares interfere
with the normal operation of computer and threaten to
scare user in a fake manner.

This malware gathers information from a computer and

Spyware sends them to the originator. For example: keystrokes of
a computer may give information about a password.

This malware modifies the operating system of a

Rootkits computer to mask its existence. It could deactivate the
anti-virus software.

User is tricked to install this malware by making him

believe that it is useful via an email. These are generally
Trojan horses
harmless and perform the tasks as designed by the
originator.

Backdoors allow outsiders to bypass security checks by

Back doors
opening an access channel.

Presents unwanted advertisements to the user that

Adware generated revenue to its developer. Also, collects
marketing data about user.
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 2.

Activities

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Activity-1 (Internet Research)
Duration: 15 minutes
1. Find out about different utilities that are used to identify and
remove malware from a computer.

1. Which of the above software applications are open-source

(available free of cost)?

1. Why is Linux operating system considered more secure when

compared to Windows users?

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Activity-1 (Internet Research)
Duration: 15 minutes
1. Find out about different utilities that are used to identify and
remove malware from computer.

Malwarebytes Combofix
SuperAntiSpyware McAfee antivirus
Spyware doctor Bitdefender antivirus
Windows defender
Norton antivirus
Kaspersky antivirus
Spybot search and destroy

2. Which of the above software are open-source (available free of

cost)?

Spybot search and destroy

Combofix

3. Why is Linux operating system considered more secure when

compared to Windows users?

Number of malware for Linux is less because of fewer users

A community of developers work on Linux and thus, vulnerabilities
are identified well in advance.
Low access to users
Divided and segmented working environment

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Flashcards

Malware is a type of program

that can replicate itself and
What is malware? cause a computer to
malfunction.

Virus, worms, ransomware,

List different spyware, root kits, Trojan
malware. horses, and back doors.

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Glossary

A malware that presents unwanted

Adware advertisements to the user that generated
revenue to its developer.

A computer program that detects and removes

Antivirus software
malware.

A process to store old and non-essential data in

Archiving
a safe place.

A process of providing access only to trusted

Authentication
entities by providing usernames and passwords.

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Quiz
1. Which of the following is FALSE about malware?
A. It is a type of program that replicates itself.
B. It causes the computer to malfunction.
C. It may delete or corrupt files without user’s knowledge.
D. Some types of malware modifies the operating system.
E. None of the above

2. Which of the following is FALSE about worms?

A. It is a malware.
B. It replicates itself.
C. It spreads through networks.
D. It gets attached to other programs.

3. Complete this sentence: A malware that deactivates an anti-virus

software is ……………..
A. Spyware
B. Rootkits
C. Trojan horses
D. Back door

4. Complete this sentence: A malware that allows outsiders to

bypass security checks is ……………..
A. Rootkits
B. Trojan horses
C. Back door

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 Teach Computer Science

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Thank you!

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 Teach Computer Science

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