Page # 12 MAXIMA & MINIMA

EXERCISE – III HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 (i) maxima 3 4 45 2

(ii) minima Sol.5 (i) f(x) = – x – 8x3 – x + 105
4 2
(iii) Neither f ’(x) = – 3x3 – 24x2 – 45x
(iv) Neither = – 3x (x2 + 8x + 15) = – 3x (x + 3) (x + 5)
(v) Neither critical points are x = 0, –3, –5
(vi) maxima (ii) f(x) = 1 – 2x x < –1
=3 –1  x < 2
= 2x – 1 x2
a
Sol.2 f(x) = + bx  6 = a + b ......(1)
x

a
f ’(x) = – +b 2
x2 –1

–a+b=0  a=b Infinite number of point in [–1, 2]

(iii)
a = 3, b = 3
tan x
3 2
Sol.3 (i) f(x) = 2x – 21x + 36x – 20
f ’(x) = 6x2 – 42x + 36 3 / 4

= 6(x – 1) (x – 6) = 0 4
 
2
+ – +
x = 1 max. cot x
1 6
x = 6 min.  3
x= and
(ii) f(x) = – (x – 1) (x + 1)2 = – (x – 1) (x2 – 1)2
3
4 4
f ’(x) = – (x2 – 1)2 – 2(x – 1) (x2 – 1) (2x)
= – (x – 1)2 (x + 1) (5x + 1) Sol.6 f(x) = x(x – 2) x  2
– + – = –x (x – 2) x < 2
x = – 1 min. min at x = 2
–1 –1/5 0 1 2
x = – 1/5 max. max. at x = 1
(iii) f(x) = x n x
f ’(x) = n x + 1 = 0 Sol.7 (i) f(x) = x3
absolute max. = (2)3 = 8
x = 1/e
absolute min. = (–2)3 = –8
1 (ii) f(x) = sin x + cos x 0x
If x <
e     
f(x) = 2 sin  x   x+ x+
n x < –1  4 4 4 4
n x + 1 < 0
 
– + g(t) = 2 sin t tx+
minima at x = 1/e 4 4
1/e 2
absolute max. = 2
 
Sol.4  1  4
absolute min. = 2    =–1
 2
2
x2
(iii) f(x) = 4x – [–2, 9/2]
minima at x = 0 x
0 f ’(x) = 4 – x  x = 4
f(–2) = –10

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, [Link], email-info@[Link]
 MAXIMA & MINIMA Page # 13

63 1
f(9/2) =  7 .9 Sol.11 (i) f(x) = x +
8 x
f(4) = 8 1
f ’(x) = 1 – =0  x=±1
absolute max. = 8 x2
absolute min. = – 10 + – +

(iv) f(x) = 3x4 – 8x3 + 12x2 – 48x + 25 ; x  [0, 3] –1 1

Max. at x = -1 , f(–1) = –2
f ’(x) = 12(x – 2) (x2 + 2) = 0 Min. at x = 1 , f(1) = 2
x=2 (ii) f(x) = cosec x
minima at y
f(0) = 25
f(2) = – 39 3  5 7
x=– , , , ....
f(3) = 16 2 2 2 2
x
Global max. = 25  – 0 

Global min. = – 39 x = (2n + 1) nI

2
1  3
(v) f(x) = sin x + cos 2x maxima at x = – , ....
2 2 2
f ’(x) = cos x – sin 2x = cos x (1 – 2 sin x) = 0 
x = (2n – 1) , n  I
2
cos x = 0 1  fmax. = 1, fmin. = –1
sin x =  x=
 2 6
x= Sol.12 y = sinp  cosq  p, q  N
2 Let z = n y = p n sin  + q n cos 
dz p q
1 = cos  – sin  = 0
f(0) = d sin  cos 
2 p cot  – q tan  = 0
tan2  = p/q
 1 1
f  = 1 – = min. p
2 2 2  = tan–1
q

f  =
1
+
1
=
3
max. d2z
6 2 4 4 = – p cosec2 – q sec2 < 0 when tan2  = p/q
d2

Sol.8 f(x) = x2 ; x  [–1, 2) p

so maxima when  = tan–1
x = –1 is a q
local maxima point
Sol.13 Gives AB + AC = constant = k
But Global maximum –1 2 If AB = x  AC = k – x
is not defined as x = 2 BC2 = (AC)2 – AB2
is not included. = (k – x)2 – x2 = k2 – 2kx
1 C
= (BC) × (AB)
2
Sol.9 f(x) = x + x x
1 k–
= x k 2  2kx
1 2
f ’(x) = 1 + >0 
2 x 1 A x B
4 z = 2 = x2 (k2 – 2kx)
for x  (0, 4) 4
Can’t calculate min. & max. value dz 1
= [2x (k2 – 2kx) + x2 (–2k)] = 0
dx 4
Sol.10 f(1) = 1 + n b k
x = 0, x=
f(1)  f(1–) b>0 3
1 + n b  2 x k /3 1
n b  1 cos  = = =
kx k k/3 2
be 
Final answer b  (0, e] =
3

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, [Link], email-info@[Link]
 Page # 14 MAXIMA & MINIMA

20 m
Sol.14 1 2
x 20–x Sol.16 v = r h
3
r =  sin   
h
h =  cos  
1 3 r
2pr = x 4a = 2a – x v=  sin2 cos 
3
x 20  x 1 3
r= a= =  (1 – cos2) cos 
2x 4 3

2
1 3
x2  20  x  v=  (cos  – cos3)
A1 = A2 =   3
4x  4 
dv 1
= 3 (– sin  + 3 cos2  sin )
A = A1 + A2 d 3
sin  = 0 or 3 cos2  = 1
x2 (20  x )2
A= + (reject) 1
4 4 cos  =
3
dA 2x 2(20  x) 20  tan  =
= – = 0 x = 2
dx 4 16 4
 = tan–1 2
d2 A 2 2
2 = + >0 Sol.17 Given that
dx 4 16 x
2(x + y) = 36
Area will be minimum x + y = 18 y
when revolved around one of its side (y) then it
20  80  will turn out into cylinder whose height y and
20 – x = 20 – =
4 4 radius = x
v = r2h = x2y
20 x 80 x v = x2(18 – x) = (18x2 – x3)
Length are &
4x 4x
dv
= (36x – 3x2) = 0  x = 12
dx
Sol.15 In AOB
A d2v
r = (36 – 6x) < 0
tan  = dx 2
x 
x h
r B max. at x = 12
r = x tan  ......(1) 0 x = 12, y = 6
h–x
v = r2 H
= r2 (h – x) Sol.18 Let speed of train = V m/H
covering distance = S
v = x2 tan2  (h – x)
Time taken to couver distance = S/V Hour
dv 2h fuel charges = kV2 (k  constant)
=0  x= 48 = k . (16)2  k = 3/16
dx 3
other cost (per hours) = 300 Rs
2
2h  3 2
 2h   Per hour total cost = V + 300
v =  ×   × tan2   h   16
 3   3 
For a run total cost

4  3 2  S
v= h3 tan2  E =  V  300 
27  16  V

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, [Link], email-info@[Link]
 MAXIMA & MINIMA Page # 15

 3 300  x 3 3
E = S V  A = xy – – y+
 16 V  2 4 8

x 3  18 
dE  3 300  A = 18 – – ×  
= S   =0 2 4  x 
dV  16 V 2 
V2 = 1600  V = 40 dA 1 39 2
=– + x =0
dx 2 2
d2E  600 
2 = S 3  > 0 for V = 40  x2 = 27 x = 3 3 ; y = 2 3
dV  V 
E is minimum
Sol.21 f’(x) = ax2 + 2(a + 2)x + (a – 1)
most economical speed is 40 m/H Let g(x) = ax2 + 2(a + 2)x + (a – 1)
g(x) must have both roots negative
Sol.19 AP = BQ = 6 sin  D > 0  a > –4/5
DP = QC = 6 cos  A 6 B g(0) > 0  a > 1
A = (Area of trapezium)
6 6 b
1 – < 0  a <–2, a > 0
= [AB + DC] . BQ   2a
2 D P Q C Finally a  (1, )
6

1
= [6 + 6 + 12 cos ] . 6 sin  Sol.22 Let point P(h, 1 + h2)
2
dy (0,1)
M
1 = 2x = 2h A P
A = 36 (sin  + sin 2) dx
2 C
Tangent at P :
O Nx=1
dA y – (1 + h2) = 2h(x – h)
= 36(cos  + cos 2) = 0 For point L put x = 0
d
y = 1 – h2 L(0, 1 – h2)
cos 2 = – cos  = cos ( – ) For point M put x = 1
 M(1, 1 + 2h – h2), N(1, 0)
3 =    =
3 1
A = area of trapezium = (OL + MN) . ON
2
d2 A 
2 = 36(– sin  – 2 sin 2) < 0 as  = 1
d 3 = [1 – h2 + 1 + 2h – h 2].1
2
 A = 1 + h – h2
A is maximum when  =
3
dA
= 1 – 2h = 0 h = 1/2
1 dh
Amax = 36[sin 60º + sin 120º]
2
d2 A
=–2<0
= 27 3 square cm dh2

Sol.20 Let length = x 1 5

P , 
width = y 2 4
Given xy = 18 ......(1)
After taking margin Sol.23 f(x) = ax6 + bx5 + cx4 + dx3 + ex2 + fx + g
New length = x – 3/4 1/ x
New width = y – 1/2  f ( x) 
Given that xLim 1  3 
0  = e2 , 1 Form
 x 
 3
New area =  x   (y – 1/2) For existance of limit e,f,g = 0
 4
f(x) = ax6 + bx5 + cx4 + dx3

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, [Link], email-info@[Link]
 Page # 16 MAXIMA & MINIMA

Lim f (x) dI
= ax3 + bx2 + cx + d  0 = 200 – 2x = 0  x = 100
x 0 3 dx
x
then d = 0 d2 I
f(x) = ax6 + bx5 + cx4 =–2<0
dx2
f ’(x) = 6ax5 + 5bx4 + 4cx3
= x3 (6ax2 + 5bx + 4c) .....(1) x = 100 will be maximum point
charge per scriber = (300 + x)
1/ x = (300 + 100) = 400 Rs.
 f ( x) 
Lim
x 0
1  3   e2
 x 
Sol.26 Let the freight charges of rail = R
then freight charges of road = 2R
Lim f ( x ) = 2 c = 2 If total cost = c
x 0
x4
D
 2 
f ’(x) = x3 (6ax2 + 5bx + 8) c = R 2 x  75  (20  x )
 
f ’(1) = f ’(2) = 0 ROAD
f ’(1) = 0  6a + 5b + 8 = 0 5 3
By solving dc
f ’(2) = 0  24a + 10b + 8 = 0 =0  x=5
dx (20–x)
B x P A
2 12 5 km from B towards A
RAlL
a= ,b=–
3 5
Sol.27 b = c A
2 6 12 5 In ABD b/2
so f(x) = x – x + 2x4 c
3 5
c2  b2 / 4  2 
D
cos  = b/2
bc
Sol.24 Let radius and height be R and H B a C
By figure 5b2  42
R = r cos  cos  = ...(i)
4b2
H = 2r sin 
h
v = R2H O 1 2
r A=2× b sin  = b2 sin 

= r2 cos2 (2r sin ) 2
v = 2r3 (cos2  sin ) A2 = b4 sin2 
R  2
dv  2 2 
= 2r3 [–2 cos  sin2 + cos2 cos ] 1   5b  4  
d = b4   4b2 
   
– 2 cos  (1 – cos2) + cos3  = 0
2
– 2 cos  + 2 cos3 + cos3 = 0 5b2
 42 
4 4
3 cos3 = 2 cos  A =b
16
2 Diff. w.r.t. b
cos  = 0 (reject) or cos  = and put the value of b2 in (i)
3

1 Sol.28 y = 1 – x2
sin  = Let point P(x0, 1 – x02)
3
dy
 1  3  2 x  2x 0
2  = 4 r dx
vmax = 2r3    p
3  3 3 3
tangent at p
y – (1 – x02) = – 2x0 (x – x0)
Sol.25 If annual increase subscribtion = x Rs For point A put y = 0
Then rate will be = (300 + x) Rs
and subcribers = (500 – x) x 02  1
x=
New income I = (300 + x) (500 – x) 2x 0
I = 150000 + 200x – x2 For point B put x = 0  y = x02 + 1

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, [Link], email-info@[Link]
 MAXIMA & MINIMA Page # 17

2
Sol.30 Let base = x, height = h
A = area of  OAB =
1 x0  1   x  12 given x2 h = 1000
2 2x 0 0
upper part = x2
base = x2 ; hypoteneous part = 4xh
 x 4  2x 2  1 Total cost
1  0 0
 = 1  x 3  2x  1 
A= C = 15x2 + 25x2 + 20(4xh) + 300
4  2x 0  4  0 0 
x0 
 1000 
dA = 40x2 + 80x  2  + 300
1  2 1  x 
3 x  2  2 
dx0 = 4  0 x 0 

dc 80  1000
= 0  80x – =0
dA 1 dx x2
2
= 0 3x + 2 =0
x 02
dx0  0
– x3 = 1000  x = 10
1000
1 h= = 10
x2
2 2
x =
0
or x = – 1 (reject)
0
3
Base = 10, height = 10
1 1
x0 = x0 = – (reject)
3 3
1
Sol.31 f(x) = tan–1 x – n x Df : x > 0
2 2 2
1 ( x 0  1)
A=
4 x0 2
1 1 1 2x  (1  x ) ( x  1)2
f ’(x) = – = 2 =–
1 x2 2 x 2x(1  x ) 2x(1  x 2 )
 2
 1  1  
+ –
1  3  4 3
Amax =   = 0
4  1/ 3  9
  f(x) is decreasing for  x > 0
 
1
Global maxima at x =
3
Sol.29
B  1 
f   =  + 1 n 3
A  3 6 4


3
2 0
3 Global minima at x = 3
1 3
r  1 3

2 3  3 
f( 3 ) = – n 3
3 4

h= 3 cos Sol.32 Tangent x cos  + y sin  = a
2
PR = a(1 – sin )
 2 3  3   PQ = distance formula
 
r=  2x  Then by PQ2 = PR2 + QR2
 
P(0,a)
QR = PQ2  PR 2
1 x 2  y 2  a2
v = r2h
3 1
Area = × PR × QR
2 2
 2 3  3   R
1   .  = f()
v=  3 cos Q ( a cos , a sin )
3 
 2 x 
 2
dA 3 3 2
= 0 A = a
dv 2 d 8
= 0  =
d 3

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, [Link], email-info@[Link]