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Dimensional Analysis in Fluid Machinery

The document consists of a series of problems related to dimensional analysis, including unit conversions and calculations involving distances, volumes, and weights. It also includes an essay discussing the importance of understanding dimensions and unit relationships in engineering. The final part contains calculations related to fluid dynamics, including Reynolds numbers and drag coefficients.

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reignb28
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12 views10 pages

Dimensional Analysis in Fluid Machinery

The document consists of a series of problems related to dimensional analysis, including unit conversions and calculations involving distances, volumes, and weights. It also includes an essay discussing the importance of understanding dimensions and unit relationships in engineering. The final part contains calculations related to fluid dynamics, including Reynolds numbers and drag coefficients.

Uploaded by

reignb28
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Name: BISMONTE, Reginaldo Jr. G.

Section: BSME 3A
Subjec: Fluid Machinery
Submmitted to: Engr. Angelo Ramos

Module 2: ASSESMENT
Part 1: Solve each problem using dimensional analysis. Every number must have a unit. Work
must be shown.

1. How many miles will a person run during a 10 kilometers race?


Given: 1O km
Solution: 1 kilometer= 0.621 miles

10 km ( 0.6211 kmmiles )=6.21miles


2. The moon is 250 000 miles away. How many feet is it from earth?
Given: 250 000 miles
Solution: 1 miles= 5 280 feet

250 000 mi ( 05280


1mi )
ft
=1 320 000 000 ft .

3. A family pool holds 10 000 gallons of water. How many cubic meters is this?
Given: 10 000 gal.
Solution: 1 cubic meter = 264.2 gallons

( )
3
1m 3
10 000 gal =37. 85 m
264.2 gal

4. Lake Michigan holds 1.3 ×1015 gallons of water. How many liter is this?

Given:1.3 ×1015 gal.


Solution: 1 gallon = 3.79 Liters
1.3 ×1015 gal . ( 3.79
1 gal )
L
. =4.927 × 10 15
L

*5. Pepsi puts 355mL of pop in a can. How many drops is this? How many cubic meters is
this?
Given: 335mL
Solution: 1mL= 20 drops
1L=1 000mL
3
1 m =1 000L
355mL( 20 drops )= 7 100drops

( )( )
3
1L 1m −4 3
355 mL =3.35 ×10 m
1 000 mL 1 000 L

6. Chicago uses 1.2 ×109 gallons of water per day. How much gallons per seconds must be
pumped from the lake every second to supply the city?
Given: 1.2 ×109 gal/day
Solution: 1 day= 24hrs= 86 400s
9 1 day
(1.2 ×10 gal/day)( )=13 888.89 gal/s
86 400 s

7. Sixty miles per hour is how many miles per seconds?


Given: 60 mi/hr.
Solution: 1mi = 1609.344m
1hr = 3600s

( 60hrmi )( 3600
1 hr
s )( 1609.344 m
1m )=26.82 m/s
8. If a person weighs 125 lbs, 8oz.,how many mg does s/he weight?
Given: 125 lbs and 8oz.=125.5 lbs
Solution: 1lb = 16oz therefore, 8oz =.5lb 1kg= 2.2lbs

125.5 lbs ( 2.2lbs


1 kg
)=57.05 kg=50050000 mg
9. The distance from Santa Maria to Los Angeles is 16.25miles. What is the distance in water?
in feet?
Given: 16.25 miles
Solution: 1mi=5280ft. 1ft=3.048m

16.25 mi ( 5280
1 mi )
ft
=85 800 ft

85 000 ft ( 0.3048
1 ft )
m
=26 151.84

10. A certain dam has an elevation of 6.30 ×10 5mm. How many kilometer in this elevation?

Given:6. 30 ×105mm
Solution: 1m = 1000mm
1km=1000m

6. 30 ×105 mm ( 1 0001 mm )( 11000kmm )=0.63 km


11. If the fluid in a pipe travels 3.00 ×103 feet in one second, how far will it travel in 8 minutes?

Given: 3.00 ×103 ft/s


Solution: 1 minute=60 seconds

3
3.00 ×10 ft./s ( 160mins )=180 000 ft /min
180 000 ft /min ⁡(8 min)=1 440 000 ft .

12. During the previous year, Zach is weather station measured 0.8 yards of [Link] this
amount in cm.
Given: 0.8 yards
Solution: 1 yard= 36 inches 1inc=2.54cm
0.8 yd ¿

1in=2.54cm
28.8∈¿

13. If a fluid flows 85.4 yards in 5 minutes, how many meters will s/he swim in 70.0 seconds?
Given: 85.4 yard per 5 minutes 70.0 seconds
Solution: 5 minutes = 300 seconds
85.4 yd
=0.284667 yd / s
300 s

0.284667 yd
(70.0 s)=19.93 yards
s

14. A water concessionaire is charging $1 299 per cubic meter of a water. What would be the
price for a liter of water?
Given: $1 229/m3

Solution: 1 m3=1000 L
3
3 1m
$ 1229 /m ( )=$ 1.229
1 000 L
15. A quart of a liquid has a mass of [Link] many quart will take to weigh 100.0lb?
Given: 2.70kg 100.0lb
Solution: 1kg=2.2lbs

100 lb ( 2.21 kglb )=45.4545 kg


45.4545 kg
=16.84 quart
2.70 kg
Part 2: ESSAY
What mathematical technique did you learn in dimensional analysis?
Dimensions are crucial in solving different problems and as a student taking
Engineering course I should be fully aware about different dimensions to get the proper
answers to problems what are being asked.
In this lesson, I have learned some useful techniques to deal easily with
dimensions analysis. If you do not want having troubles in dealing with countless
problems involving dimensions, first I learn that the very first step is to know different
dimensions, as we all know dimensions have different kind of unit there are Standard
International Unit and English Unit. We should memorize these dimension and know
where this dimension appropriately used for instance a kilogram for mass, meter for
length, and seconds for time. In short we need to get to now the relationship of different
dimensions from English unit to SI unit. For example how many yards in meter, how
many Kilogram in pounds or etc.. If you know and memorize every relationships of
different dimensions you can easily deal with unit conversion. Dimension analysis is
really helpful in solving problems because you can use this to derive formula if in case
you forgot the exact formula. So the technique is to understand the concept and
principle of dimensions so you can be flexible and more confident that you are in a right
pathway in solving problems.
Moreover, the mathematical techniques I have learned in dimensional

analysis are to know the principles of the units, to be aware about the relationship of
different system of units if you knowledgeable about that the solutions for you will run
smoothly. Deals frequently with dimensional analysis and may find it useful in solving
engineering problems.
Part 3

T P P T U t D V R P W Ap CD
e f v vi f s t e s su roj
s s b
t c. m

m N s m m N m^ m c %
in - /s 2 e a d
s a l if
/ s c f
m
^
2

1 1 1 5 1 6 0. 0. 0. 7 0. 1 1 -
2 0 . . 0 0 1 8 00 4 4 5
3 0 2 9 0 4 7 2 20 0 8 .
5 0 6 3 4 0 0 7 . . 1
1 9 2 5 6 2 1
4 6 5 2

2 1 1 5 1 3 0. 0. 0. 7 0. 6 6 6
2 0 . 1 0 0 0 8 00 9 5 3
3 0 2 . 0 0 3 3 05 2 0 .
5 0 6 1 3 9 7 0 01 . . 5
1 9 8 8 4 6 7
4 5 9

3 1 1 5 0 0 0. 0. 4 7 0. 1 0 1
1 0 . . 0 5 3 8 00 . . 0
9 0 0 6 0 0 3. 2 20 1 5 5
2 0 0 3 8 7 0 8 1 3 .
5 9 8 9 7
5 4 4 8

4 1 1 5 0 2 0. 0. 1 7 0. 4 0 4
1 0 . . 0 1 0 8 00 . . 5
9 0 0 5 0 2 4. 3 05 7 8 0
2 0 0 3 1 1 0 15 6 6 .
5 9 9 1 4 6
5 4 2 5 1

For runs 1 and 2, the fluid is glycerine, for 3 and 4 it is a mixture of glycerine and water ( about
50% of each fluid)

SOLUTION:
Vt =L/tf tf=1ft= 0.3048m

For 1; Vt =( 0.3048
6.9 s )
m
=0.0442m/ s

For 2; Vt =(
31.1 s )
0.3048 m
=0.0098 m/s

For 3; Vt =(
0.6 s )
0.3048 m
=0.508 m/s

For 4; Vt =(
2.5 s )
0.3048 m 0.1292 m
=
s

pfDsVt
Re=Reynolds number=
U
3 ¿
For 1; Re=(1235 kg /m ¿(0.00394 m)(0.0442m/ s) 2
¿=0.17056
1.261 N−s/m

3 ¿
For 2; Re=(1235 kg /m ¿(0.00394 m)(0.0098 m/s) 2
¿=0.0378
1.261 N−s /m
3 ¿
For 3; Re=(1192kg /m ¿ (0.00394 m)(0.0508 m/s) 2
¿=433.78
1.261 N−s /m
3 ¿
For 4; Re=(1192 kg /m ¿ (0.00394 m)(0.12192 m/s) 2
¿=104.11
1.261 N−s /m
Wsubm=g(Ps-Pf) π D s 3 /6

( 0.00394 )3
For 1; Wsubm=9.81 m/s 2(7820 kg/m3−1235 kg /m3) π =0.00207 N
6

( 0.00394 )3
For 2; Wsubm=9.81 m/s 2(2830 kg/m3−1235 kg /m3) π =0.000501 N
6

( 0.00394 )3
For 3; Wsubm=9.81 m/s 2(7820 kg/m3−1192 kg/m3) π =0.00208 N
6

( 0.00394 )3
For 4; Wsubm=9.81 m/s 2(2830 kg/m3−1192 kg/m3) π =0.000515 N
6

2
Ds
Aproj= π
4

For 1,2,3, and 4; Aproj=¿ π ¿ ¿

2Wsubm
CDmeas= 2
PfAprojV t

2 ( 0.00207 N )
For 1; CDmeas= =140.65
( 1235 kg /m3 ) ( 1.22 ×10−5 m2 ) ( 0.0442 m/s 2)

2 ( 0.000501 )
For 2; CDmeas= =692.45
( 1235 kg /m ) ( 1.22 ×10−5 m2 ) ( 0.0098 m/s 2 )
3

2 ( 0.00208 N )
For 3; CDmeas= =1.11
( 1192kg /m3 ) ( 1.22 ×10−5 m2 ) ( 0.0508 m/s 2 )
2 ( 0.000515 N )
For 3; CDmeas= =4.76
( 1192kg /m ) ( 1.22 ×10−5 m2 ) ( 0.12192 m/s 2 )
3
24 3.0
CDcalc= ℜ + .5 +0.34
Re
24 3.0
For 1; CDcalc= + + 0.34=148.22
0.17056 0.17056 .5

24 3.0
For 2; CDcalc= + +0.34=650.9
0.0378 0.0378.5

24 3.0
For 3; CDcalc= + +0.34=0.5394
433.78 433.78.5

.5
24 3.0
For 4; CDcalc= + +0.34=0.8645
104.11 104.11

CDmeas−CDcalc
%diff= ×100 %
CDcalc

140.65−148.22
For 1;%diff = ×100 %=−5.11 %
148.22
692.45−650.69
For 2 ; %diff = × 100 %=63.57 %
650.69

1.11−0.5394
For 3;%diff = ×100 %=105.78 %
0.5394

4.76−0.8645
For 4;%diff = ×100 %=450.61 %
0.8645

Common questions

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Precision and accuracy in unit conversions are crucial for the reliability of engineering outcomes as they ensure that calculations reflect real-world conditions. Any deviation can result in incorrect data interpretation and threats to structural integrity or system efficiency .

Understanding both SI and English unit systems enhances problem-solving in engineering by ensuring that engineers can work seamlessly in different contexts where different systems are applied. By knowing the conversions, such as yards to meters or kilograms to pounds, engineers can avoid errors and ensure accuracy in calculations and designs .

Factors include the project's geographic location, industry standards, client or regulatory requirements, and the available tools and equipment. A clear understanding of the unit systems most frequently used in a region ensures compliance with local practices and standards .

It is essential for engineering students to memorize relationships between dimensions to quickly and accurately convert between units during problem-solving, which aids in efficient and error-free project execution. Understanding these conversions allows them to derive equations and solutions independently .

Incorrect application of dimensional analysis can lead to significant errors, such as inadequate supply calculations or misjudged physical dimensions, leading to safety risks or inefficiencies. For example, converting dimensions inaccurately when calculating fluid travel distances can impact infrastructure design and resource allocation .

Dimensional analysis improves workflow efficiency by providing a systematic method for converting between units and verifying calculations, reducing errors and saving time. It allows engineers to focus on design and analysis without getting bogged down by unit mismatches .

Dimensional analysis allows the derivation of formulas by analyzing the dimensions of physical quantities involved, helping in reconstructing forgotten formulas. By understanding dimensional relationships, engineers can redefine equations through logical deduction of unit conversions and correlations .

The relationship between metric and imperial units, such as meters and feet, affects engineering practices by requiring precise conversion to ensure accuracy in international projects or when dealing with global supply chains. Engineers must accurately translate these to maintain integrity across systems .

Dimensional analysis helps in problem-solving by enabling conversion between different units of measurement, ensuring consistency in mathematical equations. This is crucial in engineering as it allows the derivation of formulas and solutions without memorizing exact equations. For example, by understanding the relationship between units like gallons and cubic meters, engineers can accurately compute water usage and conversion tasks .

Strategies include practical exercises that require frequent conversion between units, real-world engineering problem scenarios, and using visual aids to show relationships between dimensions. This combination promotes active learning and deeper understanding .

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